Political System Essays (Examples)
Study Document
The Ethics Of Clandestine Operations
… operations are not new or unique to the modern world and in fact ancient Rome used them whenever military operations were impractical. Thus, “political influence operations, seeding, propaganda, political patronage, safe havens, political assassination, and paramilitary operations” can all be traced back more or less to similar operations implemented by the ancient Romans (Sheldon 1997, 299). … such a question deserves to be asked, and instead reports by Best, Carter et al. focus instead on how to make the current system/community work with what it has and what all the different agencies and groups and trying to do in the current environment. An alternative … Statecraft today is replete with instances of clandestine operations that range from operations designed to influence politics in other countries and domestically to political assassinations. However, with so many different agencies, organizations and groups flying under the radar like OSP in the Pentagon, the……
References
Bibliography
Arnold, A. and D. Salisbury. The Long Arm, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/long-arm
Barker, Michael J. \\\\\\"Democracy or polyarchy? US-funded media developments in Afghanistan and Iraq post 9/11.\\\\\\" Media, Culture & Society 30, no. 1 (2008): 109-130.
Best, Richard A. Intelligence to Counter Terrorism: Issues for Congress. Congressional Research Service: CRS Report for Congress, 2002.
Carter, Ashton B. \\\\\\"Overhauling counterproliferation.\\\\\\" Technology in Society 26, no. 2-3
(2004): 257-269.
Crumpton, Henry A. The art of intelligence: lessons from a life in the CIA\\\\\\'s clandestine service. Penguin, 2013.
Hersh, Seymour. Selective Intelligence. The New Yorker, 2003. http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2003/05/12/selective-intelligence
McCormick, G. H., & Owen, G. “Security and coordination in a clandestine organization.” Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 31, no. 6-7 (2000), 175-192.
Study Document
Homeland Defense And Private Security After September 11 Attacks
… protection to private actors. Some of the factors that make contracting critical infrastructure protection to private actors more preferable include operational, legal, and political restraints that limit the kind of actions that public authorities can take. Many private actors are already involved in critical infrastructure protection, especially ……
References
References
Chanley, V. (2002). Trust in Government in the Aftermath of 9/11: Determinants and Consequences. Political Psychology, 23(3), 469-483. Retrieved May 11, 2020, from https://www.jstor.org/stable/3792588
Dugulin, R., & Niglia, A. (2015, May 17). The private sector in the protection of critical infrastructure - GRI. Global Risk Insights. https://globalriskinsights.com/2015/05/the-private-sectors-vital-role-in-the-protection-of-critical-infrastructure/
Gramlich, J. (2018, September 11). Since 9/11, Americans have seen anti-terrorism policy as a top priority. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/09/11/defending-against-terrorism-has-remained-a-top-policy-priority-for-americans-since-9-11/
Morgan, D. (2019). Homeland Security Research and Development: Homeland Security Issues in the 116th Congress. Current Politics and Economics of the United States, Canada, and Mexico, 21(1), 43-46.
Moteff, J., Copeland, C., & Fischer, J. (2003, January). Critical infrastructures: What makes an infrastructure critical?. Library of Congress Washington DC Congressional Research Service.
Study Document
Democracy In America In The 21st Century
… large that it is impossible for people to govern directly, the concept of democracy can become a screen hiding a much more nefarious system of power like what is seen today, where various organs of the state operate unseen and through unelected (i.e., appointed) officials who control … an authoritarian government the world over today, yet democracy is hardly seen in reality. Both Mansbridge and Dahl talk about a free market system—and Friedman essentially advocates for this because it is a system in which capital best thrives—but the reality of the world today is that the markets are not free, interventionism has run amok, and … towards stability or control. There are always going to be and there have always been individuals and organizations seeking to exploit imbalances within system, and democracy as a form of government is not without its limitations. In America, the conflict between democracy as……
References
Works Cited
Dahl, Robert. On Democracy.
Ferejohn, John. Is Inequality a Threat to Democracy?
Friedman, Milton. Capitalism and Freedom. University of Chicago Press.
Mansbridge, Jane. On the Importance of Getting Things Done. PS, 2012.
Runciman, David. The Confidence Trap. Princeton University Press.
Study Document
Ethical Issues Conflicts Of Interest
… of interest is a manifestation of structural failures of any society. The practice touches on a wide range of societal elements, including legal, political, and administrative aspects. Once public officers engage in acts of conflict of interest, they lose public trust (Pathranarakul, 2005).
Prosecutors often find themselves … bar for civilized people demands that society disapproves of the violation of ethical behavior and moral decorum (Pathranarakul, 2005).
Distrust of the judicial system
The genesis of societal distrust towards its institutions is anchored on a range of actions that promote the perception of injustice. Poor performance … of societal distrust towards its institutions is anchored on a range of actions that promote the perception of injustice. Poor performance by the political class and the institutions that they run is what bred the reinforcement of the emergent counter-majority organizations, especially about the judiciary system. According to Claus Offe (1999), institutional distrust……
References
References
Alterio, E. (2011). From judicial comity to legal comity: A judicial solution to global disorder?I-CON, 9(2), 394-424. doi: 10.1093/icon/mor036
BrainMass. (2019). Correctional officer subculture: Ethics. Retrieved from https://brainmass.com/law/familylaw/correctional-officer-subculture-ethics-165895
Filgueiras, F. (2011).Transparência e controle da corrupção no Brasil. In: Corrupção e sistemapolítico no Brasil, edited by Leonardo Avritzer and Fernando Filgueiras. Rio de Janeiro: CivilizaçãoBrasileira.
Kindregan, C. (1975).Conflict of interest and the lawyer in civil practice. Retrieved from https://scholar.valpo.edu/vulr/vol10/iss3/2
Legal Dictionary. (2018). Conflict of interest. Retrieved from https://legaldictionary.net/conflict-of-interest/
Lilles, H. (2002). Circle sentencing: Part of the restorative justice continuum. IIRP. Retrieved from https://www.iirp.edu/news/circle-sentencing-part-of-the-restorative-justice-continuum
Montes, A., Mears, D., &Conchran, J. (2016). The privatization debate: A conceptual framework for improving (public and private) corrections. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice. 32(4). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305418634_The_Privatization_Debate_A_Conceptual_Framework_for_Improving_Public_and_Private_Corrections
Off, C. (1999). How can we trust our fellow citizens? In: Democracy and trust, edited by Mark Warren. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Study Document
Single Payer Or Universal Health Care
In Favor of Single Payer Health Care
The American health care system is broken. On this much, almost everybody can agree. Costs are spiralling out of control, health outcomes are among the worst of all … better. One of the reasons for this disagreement is that different stakeholders fail to agree on what the purpose of the health care system should be. If the purpose is to be a for-profit industry, well, then the industry needs to be set up to earn profits. … If we can all agree on those three things, then maybe we can start to think of how to design a health care system that will deliver them. That’s what single payer does.
The Physicians for a National Health Program (2019) describes single payer as a “Medicare … That’s what single payer does.
The Physicians for a National Health Program (2019) describes single payer as a……
References
References
Christopher, A. (2016) Single payer healthcare: Pluses, minuses, and what it means for you. Harvard Health Publishing. Retrieved April 7, 2019 from https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/single-payer-healthcare-pluses-minuses-means-201606279835
Ivers, N., Brown, A., Detsky, A. (2018) Lessons from the Canadian experience with single-payer health insurance. JAMA Internal Medicine Vol. 178 (9) 1250-1255.
PNHP (2019) About single payer. Physicians for a National Health Program. Retrieved April 7, 2019 from https://pnhp.org/what-is-single-payer/
Study Document
Counterintelligence
… conscious and vigilant of insider threat potential and remain alert to possibilities of risk at all times.[footnoteRef:5] To achieve that end, networking and system monitoring provides key technical support so that red flags or triggers do not go undetected by monitoring programs even if they do go … quality of trustworthy characters, without which the office will not be able to function in any meaningful manner, regardless of the technological support system used to monitor employee behaviors.
The successful operations in U.S. Counter-Intelligence will depend highly upon the work of employees in the ONCIX, and … been fighting to get the U.S.-Mexico border the kind of defense needed to reduce illegal penetration, but lawmakers on both sides of the political aisle at both the federal and state levels have pushed back. For political purposes, the safety and security of the nation is jeopardized.
Thus, the effectiveness of national and……
References
Bibliography
Counter intelligence for National Security, CIA, 1993. https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol2no4/html/v02i4a10p_0001.htm
Johnston, David and James Risen, “U.S.had evidence of espionage,” New York Times, 2001. https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/23/us/us-had-evidence-of-espionage-but-fbi-failed-to-inspect-itself.html
National Counterintelligence Strategy of the United States of America 2016 (Strategy). https://www.dni.gov/files/NCSC/documents/Regulations/National_CI_Strategy_2016.pdf
Prunckun, Hank. 2012. Counterintelligence Theory and Practice, Lanham: Rowman&Littlefield Publishers Inc. Read the following: Chapters 8 to 14, pages 131 to 217. Appendices A to D, pages 219 to 231.
Richelson, Jeffrey. 2007. “The Pentagon’s Counterspies: The Counterintelligence Field Activity (CIFA).” (September 17). National Security Archive. Accessed January 19, 2017. http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB230/ .
Van Cleave, Michelle. “Strategic Counterintelligence: What Is It and What Should We Do About It ?” 2007. CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence. https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol51no2/strategic-counterintelligence.html
Study Document
Counterintelligence Issues Within The United States
… Deception
Deception is at the core of counterintelligence: yet, it is a problematic core because of the corruption associated with deception in ethical system. Mattox (2002), for example, observed that the practice of deception “is subject to limitations imposed by the demands of morality” (4). Mattox (2002) … of counterintelligence from the standpoint of ethical egoism, which is highly problematic both from a rational and ethical standpoint but also from a political standpoint (Lyons 1976). Part of the reason for Cohen’s (2016) problematic position is cultural: Cohen (2016) comes from a Jewish traditional of revolutionary … a zero sum game strategy (Kent 2019). Mattox (2002) at least approaches the issue of moral limits to deception from a practical, universal, political and diplomatic position that has utilitarian, deontological and even virtue ethics elements to it. The opposite position of Cohen (2016) can only be … ample support for moral limitations……
References
Bibliography
2020-2022 National Counterintelligence Strategy of the United States. 2020. Washington, DC: National Counterintelligence and Security Center
Bailey, Christopher and Susan M. Galich. 2012. “Codes of Ethics: The Intelligence Community.” International Journal of Intelligence Ethics 35 (2): 77-99.
Bernardi, Beatrice. 2013. "The Role of Intelligence in the Fight Against International Terrorism: Legal Profiles." Bachelor's thesis, Università Ca'Foscari Venezia.
Carson, Thomas L. 2010. Lying and Deception: Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press.
Cohen, Shlomo. 2016. "Are There Moral Limits to Military Deception?." Philosophia 44 (4): 1305-1318.
Coyne, John, Peter Bell, and Shannon Merrington. 2013. "Exploring ethics in intelligence and the role of leadership." Interntional Journal of Business and Commerce 2 (10): 27-37.
Erskine, Toni. 2004. "'As Rays of Light to the Human Soul'? Moral Agents and Intelligence Gathering." Intelligence & National Security 19 (2): 359-381.
Godson, Roy, and James J. Wirtz. 2000. "Strategic denial and deception." International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 13 (4): 424-437.
Study Document
History Of Bilingual Education
… Ovando (2003) found that the aforementioned linguistic pluralism didn't imply equal acceptance of every language. Several Mexican, Asian, and Native American languages underwent system segregation and devaluation in this period. Over a hundred years ago, the concept of the English language as a mark of the national … for \"Americanizing\" common schools formed part of an overriding, nationalistic \"English language only\" ideology which remained dominant in American mainstream society and educational system for the major part of the 20th century's former half. Despite this deterring, assimilationist atmosphere, several individuals still spoke their…[break]…key multicultural education goal … comfort and support to special- needs community members. Further, they may take part in school board elections, local program elections, and other local political events (Wei, 2013). This personal growth experienced by students in bilingual education structures is also a testament to the awareness of various……
References
References
Banks, J. A. (1995). Multicultural Education: Its Effects on Students\\\\\\\\\\\\' Racial and Gender Role Attitudes. Handbook of Research on Multicultural Education (pp. 617-627). New York: Macmillan.
Gándara, P., & Escamilla, K. (2017). Bilingual education in the United States. Bilingual and multilingual education, 1-14.
Ovando, C. J. (2003). Bilingual education in the United States: Historical development and current issues. Bilingual research journal, 27(1), 1-24.
Saravia-Shore, M., & Arvizu, S. F. (2017). Cross-cultural literacy: An anthropological approach to dealing with diversity. In Cross-cultural Literacy (pp. xv-xxxviii). Routledge.
Wei, L. (2013). Integration of Multicultural Education into English Teaching and Learning: A Case Study in Liaoning Police Academy. Theory & Practice in Language Studies, 3(4).
Study Document
The Phillips Cure And Unemployment
… everything. Now the central bank’s only policy is to continue to inflate the asset bubble or risk bringing down the entire global financial system when confidence in that system evaporates.
Conclusion
By trying to intervene in the markets through the manipulation of inflation rates in order to reduce unemployment, the central bank ……
References
References
Amadeo, K. (2019). Unemployment rate by year since 1929 compared to inflation and GDP. Retrieved from https://www.thebalance.com/unemployment-rate-by-year-3305506
FRED. (2019). FRED Graph. Retrieved from https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/LNU04000024#0
Friedman, M. (1977). Nobel lecture: inflation and unemployment. Journal of political economy, 85(3), 451-472.
Heller, R. (2017). Monetary mischief and the debt trap. Cato Journal, 37(2), 247-261.
Lucas, R. E., & Rapping, L. A. (1969). Price expectations and the Phillips curve. The American Economic Review, 59(3), 342-350.
Stiglitz, J. (1997). Reflections on the natural rate hypothesis. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11(1), 3-10.
Wulwick, N. J. (1987). The Phillips curve: which? whose? to do what? how?. Southern Economic Journal, 834-857.
Study Document
Immigration Reform
… Jews, and Catholics in the 19th century. The Exclusion Act restrict the rights of Chinese immigrants (Hafetz), the Irish were viewed as a political (and social) threat (McCaffrey), and Mexicans were almost always treated poorly—particularly via the Bracero Program (Calavita). Thus, in this context, talk today of ……
References
Works Cited
Bartoletti, Susan C. 2001. Black Potatoes: The Story of the Great Irish Famine, 1845-1850. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
Calavita, Kitty. Inside the State: The Bracero Program, Immigration, and the I. N. S. New York, NY: Routledge, 1992.
Federation for American Immigration Reform. “The costs of illegal immigration on United States taxpayers—2013 edition.” FAIR. https://fairus.org/issue/publications-resources/fiscal-burden-illegal-Immigration-2013
Hafetz, J. “Immigration and national security law: Converging approaches to state power, individual rights, and judicial review.” ILSA Journal of International and Comparative Law 18.3. (2012): 628.
O’Sullivan, J. L. “Manifest Destiny,” in Voices of Freedom: A Documentary History, 4th edition, ed. Eric Foner. New York: W.W. Norton, 2014.
McCaffrey, Lawrence John. The Irish Catholic Diaspora in America. CUA Press, 1997.
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