Fiscal Policy Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Influence Of Political Interests Groups On The Educational Policy
Budget and Resource Allocation Influence of Political Interest Groups on the Educational policy Making Process
Introduction
State support for public education has wavered over time as a consequence of other competing interests. This is more so … including, but not limited to, healthcare (i.e. Medicaid). There are, however, variations from state to state. There is need for educational theorists, education policy practitioners and various other stakeholders in the education framework to better comprehend the various political forces having an impact on state fiscal policy. This text concerns itself with the influence of political interest groups on the educational policy-making process, with regard to budget and resource allocation. The context of this particular discussion will be Florida and Texas.
Discussion
Interest groups do … we could have public-interest advocates and single-issue advocates (Anderson, 2003). While the latter could largely focus on issues that could be described as single-policy (i.e. K-12 education),……
References
References
Abbott, I., Rathbone, M. & Whitehead, P. (2012). Education Policy. New York, NY: SAGE.
Anderson, J.E. (2003).Public Policy-Making. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.
Delaney, J. A., & Doyle, W. R. (2007). The role of higher education in state budgets. Journal of Education Finance, 36(4), 343-268.
Grapevine. (2016). Appropriations: State Tax Funds for Operating Expenses of Higher Education, 1983-1984. Retrieved from: https://education.illinoisstate.edu/grapevine/tables/
Larrabee, B. (2016). Education groups put big money into political causes. Retrieved from https://www.gainesville.com/news/20160828/education-groups-put-big-money-into-political-causes
Tandberg, D. A. (2009). Interest groups and governmental institutions: The politics of state funding of public higher education. Educational Policy, 24(5), 104-117.
Vote Smart (2020). Texas Education Special Interest Groups. Retrieved from https://votesmart.org/interest-groups/TX/27#.XrVCzsBRW00
Vote Smart (2020). Florida Education Special Interest Groups. Retrieved from https://votesmart.org/interest-groups/FL/27#.XrVKScBRW01
Study Document
Fiscal Health Of Public Administration
1
Five future trends in Public Administration are 1) global interconnectedness and self-sufficiency; 2) changes to public health policy; 3) incorporation of advanced technology into administration; 4) more grassroots advocacy; and 5) emphasis on sustainability (Florida Tech, 2019). The first trend—the global … climate change and even though not everyone agrees it is happening, the problem will not go away and it will be a major policy focus in the coming years for public administrators.
2
According to VCU (2019), public personnel administration is the practice of “acquiring the best folks you ……
References
RReferences
Abiad, A. & Khatiwada, S. (2019). 5 ways technology is improving governance, public service delivery in developing Asia. Retrieved from https://blogs.adb.org/blog/5-ways-technology-improving-governance-public-service-delivery-developing-asia
Florida Tech. (2019). Five global trends in public administration. Retrieved from https://www.fit.edu/your-college-decision/trends-in-public-administration/
McDonald, B. (2017). Measuring the fiscal health of municipalities. Retrieved from https://www.lincolninst.edu/sites/default/files/pubfiles/mcdonald_wp17bm1.pdf
VCU. (2019). Public personnel administration. Retrieved from https://commed.vcu.edu/IntroPH/Management/management/personnel.html
Study Document
Public Policy Of Agriculture Farm Bill 2018
… Agricultural Act of 2018 has been introduced to provided subsidies to farmers and improve their conditions. It has allocated $867 billion for this policy to incentivize the farmers (Aid, 2018).
This Farm Bill of 2018 is of immense benefit to the public and catered to so many … properties that can have range of benefits in the production of various goods (Queck-Matzie, 2018).
However, there has been down sides to this policy as well. Government should have given measures like supply management and pricing policy to improve the farming conditions of the farmers instead of allocating tax money on them, which will just benefit the mega farms and ……
References
References
Aid, F. (2018, December). What’s in the 2018 Farm Bill? The Good, The Bad and The Offal…. Farm Aid. Retrieved from https://www.farmaid.org/issues/farm-policy/whats-in-the-2018-farm-bill-the-good-the-bad-and-the-offal/
Amadeo, K. (2019, November 24). Current US Federal Budget Deficit. The Balance.
Coalition, N. S. (2019). WHAT IS THE FARM BILL? National Sustainable Agricultural Coalition. Retrieved from https://sustainableagriculture.net/our-work/campaigns/fbcampaign/what-is-the-farm-bill/
Queck-Matzie, T. (2018, December 12). GRASSLEY SEES FARM BILL PROS AND CONS. Successful Farming. Retrieved from https://www.agriculture.com/news/business/grassley-sees-farm-bill-pros-and-cons
Us, I. U. (2019, November 12). Breaking down the US Federal Budget for the Fiscal Year 2019. It\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Up To Us.
Study Document
Israel And United States
Introduction: the policy Problem under Consideration
When it comes to foreign policy, there are many different issues in foreign policy that the government needs to address—from tensions regarding missile treaties with Russia to wars in the Middle East to money given to the … fund a human rights violator by continuing to give billions of dollars every year to an apartheid state in the Middle East. A policy change is clearly needed on this issue if America is going to be able to have any moral high ground to condemn other … This shows how beholden to a foreign state that engages in human rights violations the U.S. actually has become.
To change the current policy towards issue, a new policy should be established, one that is based on the idea of ending all foreign aid to Israel. This would be a sign that … order to increase transparency for……
References
References
Facione, P. (2006). Critical thinking: what it is and why it counts. Insight Assessments.
Hooks, B. (1999). Black looks: Race and representation. South End Press.
Human Rights Watch. (2018). Israel and Palestine. Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2019/country-chapters/israel/palestine
Johnson, S. A. (2011). Women, Shared Leadership, and Policy: The Mano River Women's Peace Network Case Study. Journal of Pan African Studies, 4(8).
Mearsheimer, J. J., & Walt, S. M. (2007). The Israel lobby and US foreign policy. Macmillan.
Richards, R. (2010). Everyday creativity. The Cambridge handbook of creativity, 189-215.
Sharp, J. (2018). U.S. Foreign Aid to Israel. Retrieved from https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33222.pdf
Verhaeghe, P. (2014). Neoliberalism has brought out the worst in us. The Guardian. Annotated Bibliography
Study Document
Starbucks
… this period. According to the 1999 Annual Report, the company earned $1.309 billion in 1998, and steadily grew this figure through the 2008 fiscal year, when it recorded revenue of $10.383 billion (Macrotrends, 2019). The 2009 fiscal year saw a decline in revenue, for the first time since the company went public. But since that point, the company restored its … grown in a similar long-run positive trajectory. In 1998, net income was $68 million. This figure grew to $672 million in the 2007 fiscal year. The recession hit, and net income dropped to $311.7 million, and only increased slightly in 2009. For the most part, since that … Sheet
Decisions regarding the financing of this steady growth should be reflected on the company’s balance sheet. At the end of the 1998 fiscal year, Starbucks had just under $1 billion in total assets, about one-third of which were current……
References
References
Cannivet, M. (2019) Starbucks’ big stock buyback limits future upside. Forbes. Retrieved October 4, 2019 from https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelcannivet/2019/08/29/starbucks-big-stock-buyback-limits-future-upside/#26c434067047
Hawley, J. (2019) Who are Starbucks’ main competitors? Investopedia. Retrieved October 4, 2019 from https://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/101315/who-are-starbucks-main-competitors.asp
Macrotrends (2019) Starbucks. Macrotrends.com. Retrieved October 4, 2019 from https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/SBUX/starbucks/financial-statements
Marketwatch (2019) McDonalds Marketwatch. Retrieved October 4, 2019 from https://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/mcd/financials
Sharf, S. (2013) Starbucks ordered to pay Kraft $2.8 billion. Forbes. Retrieved October 4, 2019 from https://www.forbes.com/sites/samanthasharf/2013/11/12/starbucks-ordered-to-pay-kraft-2-8-billion/#5516b7fa167d
Starbucks 1999 Annual Report. Retrieved October 4, 2019 from https://s22.q4cdn.com/869488222/files/doc_financials/annual/1999/102640_financials2_99.pdf
The Coffee Brewers (2008) With Starbucks closing 600 shops, is the coffee business still lucrative? The Coffee Brewers. Retrieved October 4, 2019 from https://www.thecoffeebrewers.com/starbucks.html
Study Document
Income Inequality And Poverty
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Cyrek, M. (2019). Government social spending in the EU countries: efficiency in poverty and income inequality reduction. Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic policy, 14(3), 405-424.
This paper explains the disparities in the social efficacy of government expenditures in EU nations. In general, the nations with higher social ……
References
References
Bonito, J. D. M., Daantos, F. J. A., Mateo, J. C. A., & Rosete, M. A. L. (2017). Do entrepreneurship and economic growth affect poverty, income inequality, and economic development. Review of Integrative Business & Economics Research, 6(1), 33-43.
Chiazor, I. A., Egharevba, M. E., & Ozoya, M. I. (2016). Widening Inequality and Poverty in the Developing World-Micro-Financing as a Viable Solution. The Social Sciences, 11(13), 3286-3293.
Chotia, V., and Rao, N.V.M. (2017). Investigating the interlinkages between infrastructure development, poverty, and rural-urban income inequality: Evidence from BRICS nations. Studies in Economics and Finance, Vol. 34 No. 4, pp. 466-484.
Cyrek, M. (2019). Government social spending in the EU countries: efficiency in poverty and income inequality reduction. Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, 14(3), 405-424.
Omar, M. A., & Inaba, K. (2020). Does financial inclusion reduce poverty and income inequality in developing countries? A panel data analysis. Journal of Economic Structures, 9, 1-25.
Study Document
Immigration Reform
… is that President Trump wants to build a border wall to stop illegal immigration. Many radical Democrats want more of an open borders policy where immigrants can come into the country, receive services (like free health care) and even vote, without ever having to go through a ……
References
Works Cited
Bartoletti, Susan C. 2001. Black Potatoes: The Story of the Great Irish Famine, 1845-1850. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
Calavita, Kitty. Inside the State: The Bracero Program, Immigration, and the I. N. S. New York, NY: Routledge, 1992.
Federation for American Immigration Reform. “The costs of illegal immigration on United States taxpayers—2013 edition.” FAIR. https://fairus.org/issue/publications-resources/fiscal-burden-illegal-Immigration-2013
Hafetz, J. “Immigration and national security law: Converging approaches to state power, individual rights, and judicial review.” ILSA Journal of International and Comparative Law 18.3. (2012): 628.
O’Sullivan, J. L. “Manifest Destiny,” in Voices of Freedom: A Documentary History, 4th edition, ed. Eric Foner. New York: W.W. Norton, 2014.
McCaffrey, Lawrence John. The Irish Catholic Diaspora in America. CUA Press, 1997.
Study Document
Federal Reserve Operations And Market Impact
What tools are used by the Federal Reserve to implement monetary policy?
Monetary policy refers to the actions undertaken by the Federal Reserve, which is the central bank, to control credit and its flow within the United … of the nation’s economy as a whole (Federal Reserve Education, n.d).
The Federal Reserve presently utilizes numerous tools in the implementation of monetary policy about its statutory obligation to nurture maximum employment and stability in prices. The following are the tools:
1. Open market operations (OMO)
The … excess cash. The rate of interest paid is the feds funds rate Federal Reserve, 2017).
For example, at the culmination of the 2013 fiscal year, the central bank necessitated banking institutions to maintain reserves equivalent to zero percent of the initial $13.3 million in the bank deposits. … market operations are the most flexible monetary tool, and as a result, most often employed by……
References
References
Brandl, M. (2020). Money, banking, financial markets & institutions. New York: Cengage Learning.
Federal Reserve Education. (n.d). Monetary Policy Basics. Retrieved from: https://www.federalreserveeducation.org/about-the-fed/structure-and-functions/monetary-policy
Federal Reserve. (2017). Monetary Policy Tools. Retrieved from: https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/bsd-monetary-policy-tools-201711.htm
Lumen Learning. (n.d). Macroeconomics: How a Central Bank Executes Monetary Policy. Retrieved from: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-macroeconomics/chapter/tools-of-monetary-policy/
Study Document
Canadian Reciprocity Treaty Of 1854
… by respective legislative bodies. The Home Government tried as much as possible with little success to reconcile the Reciprocity Treaty with the economic policy of free trade that had been adopted by Great Britain. However, this was near-impossible because the treaty was much popular than the universal ……
References
References
Ankli, R. E. (1971). The reciprocity treaty of 1854. The Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d\\\\\\\\\\\\'Economique, 4(1), 1-20.
Gerriets, M., & Gwyn, J. (1996). Tariffs, trade, and reciprocity: Nova Scotia, 1830-1866. Acadiensis, 25(2), 62-81.
Haynes, F. E. (1892). The Reciprocity treaty with Canada of 1854 (Vol. 7, No. 6). Baltimore, Md.: American Economic Association.
Hinton, M. (2013). Canadian economic growth and the reciprocity treaty of 1854. Working Papers 13038, Economic History Society.
Masters, D. C. (1963). The reciprocity treaty of 1854: its history, its relation to British colonial and foreign policy, and to the development of Canadian fiscal autonomy (Vol. 9). McGill-Queen\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Press-MQUP.
Officer, L. H., & Smith, L. B. (1968). The Canadian-American reciprocity treaty of 1855 to 1866. Journal of Economic History, 598-623.
Porritt, E. (1908). Sixty Years of Protection in Canada, 1846-1907: Where Industry Leans on the Politician. London: Macmillan.
Saunders, S. A. (1934). The Maritime Provinces and the Reciprocity Treaty. The Dalhousie Review.
Study Document
Military Aviation Lack Of Training Personnel And Equipment
...Fiscal policy Introduction
The aviation field within the armed forces has serious problems as almost all the related services are making reports that they have training, pilot retention, and general machinery maintenance challenges (Burke, 2018; Deal, 2019; United States Government Accountability Office, 2019). The reason for this malaise is not clear but there are two possible originating problems that are just as common to military aviation as they are to the other branches of the military. First, military aviation was dedicating insufficient resources, including time, to maintenance. The period of the War on Terror had many specialized personnel in many departments working around the clock to ensure things were running smoothly. Maintenance issues were, therefore, rarely a problem. With most of the maintenance work being done by contractors, pilots were left to fly several hours with some accumulating upwards of 100,000 hours within a year (Burke, 2018). The situation after the war……
References
Reference List
Burke, C. (2018). The Biggest Problems Facing Military Aviation, According To An Army Aviator. Task and purpose. Retrieved from https://taskandpurpose.com/the-biggest-problems-facing-military-aviation-according-to-an-army-aviator
Deal, K. (2019). Military MRO: Solving the maintenance skills shortage with augmented reality. Military embedded system. Retrieved from http://www.mil-embedded.com/articles/id/?7274
Pint, E. M., Schnaubelt, C. M., Dalzell, S., Hastings, J. L., Speed, P., & Shanley, M. G. (2017). Review of Army Total Force Policy Implementation (No. RR-1958-A). RAND ARROYO CENTER SANTA MONICA CA SANTA MONICA United States.
U.S. Department of Defense, (2016). National Guard and Reserve Equipment Report for Fiscal Year 2017. Washington, D.C.
United States Government Accountability Office, (2019). “ARMY READINESS: Progress and Challenges in Rebuilding Personnel, Equipping, and Training.” Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Readiness and Management Support, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate. Defense Capabilities and Management.
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