American Government Essays (Examples)
Study Document
The Extent To Which Group Policy Evaluation Vs Individual Evaluation
...American government Problems That Arise When Groups are Categorized as Individuals
The difficulty of determining the extent to which group policy evaluation vs. individual evaluations differ is that context is the deciding factor, and contextual factors are always shifting. Therefore, a case by case analysis is required rather than a one size fits all universal evaluation. As Briggs and Helms (2015) explain, there are actors and roles and the inputs and outputs of each impact one another so that the relationship between parts, between groups and individuals is really a dynamic one.
One of the important points that Reich (2010) makes is that groups are not individuals and should not be counted as such, because it alters the character of the population when they are. He cites the decision in Citizens United vs. the Federal Election Commission, which led to the creation of the super political action committee (PAC). The super PAC……
References
References
Briggs, S., & Helms, L. B. (2015). The practice of American public policymaking. New York: Routlege Taylor & Francis Group.
Reich, R. (Harvard Book Store, Producer). (2010). Robert B. Reich: The next economy and Americla's future. Frontline: Inside the Meltdown Series. [Video] Retrieved from [ https://forum-network.org/lectures/robert-b-reich-the-next-economy-and-america-s-future/ ]
Schaufele, B., McMillian, M. L., Boxall, P. C., Adamowicz, W. L., & Rivera, C. S. (2010). Measuring social preferences in groups versus as individuals: Income inequality aversion using the leaky bucket method. Journal of Applied Economics and Policy, 29(1), 1-1
Study Document
The EU And European Goverments
How has the relationship between the economy and European government changed in the past 20 years? Has Eastern Europe become more like the western part of the Continent?
Overall, thanks to the European … notable economic successes as a collective unit, such as a recent trade deal with Japan, and enacting anti-trust and privacy regulation of the american technology industry (including Google) that America has refused to enact (Belin & Reinert, 2019). The ability to engage in collective measures is testimony ……
References
References
Belin, C. & Reinert, T. (2019). The eclipse of the European Union’s global influence. The Brookings Institute. Retrieved from: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/04/08/the-eclipse-of-the - european-unions-global-influence/
Lehne, S. (2019). Europe’s East-West divide: Myth or reality? Carnegie Europe. Retrieved from: https://carnegieeurope.eu/2019/04/11/europe-s-east-west-divide-myth-or-reality-pub-78847
Study Document
Iron Contra The Covert Action Operation In Iran
… the Anglo-Iranian crisis of 1951 to 1953. The Anglo-Iranian Oil Company was largely viewed as a colonial influence bent on controlling the host government and enjoying benefits from the hierarchies that resulted from a society that was divided. However, in 1951, led by campaigns championed by Prime … staff and the minister for war. The British noticed a chance to depose the premier from the differences between the Shah and the government. 18 Nevertheless, Mohammad Mossadeq was already suspicious of the British, thus closed their embassy in October of 1952. All the British agents plus … resorted to using the CIA (De Seve, 2020).
Accountability of Preparations, Equipment, Logistics, and Contingency
The then British Prime Minister, along with his american counterpart President Eisenhower signed the final coup plans on July 1 and 11th, respectively. 21. The coup conspirators chose General Fazlollah Zahedi, who … attempted to lure America into……
References
References
Contini, C. (2013). A Realistic View on Iran: International relations and Global Politics. GRIN Verlag.
De Seve, M. (2020). Operation Ajax: The Story of the CIA Coup that Remade the Middle East. Verso Books.
Fowler, R. (2018). More Than a Doctrine: The Eisenhower Era in the Middle East. U of Nebraska Press.
Lee, C. T. (2013). A Cold War Narrative: The Covert Coup of Mohammad Mossadeq, Role of the U.S. Press and Its Haunting Legacies. Senior Theses, Trinity College, Hartford, CT. http://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/theses/300
Levin, Y. A. (2018). Operation Ajax in the CIA analytics: colonial knowledge in postcolonial age. Samara Journal of Science, 7(2), 200-203.
Luce, D. D. (2017, September 20). The specter of operation AJAX. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2003/aug/20/foreignpolicy.iran
Merica, D., & Hanna, J. (2013). In declassified document, CIA acknowledges role in\\\\\\'53 Iran Coup. CNN News. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
Roosevelt, K. (1979). Countercoup, the Struggle for the Control of Iran. McGraw-Hill Companies.
Study Document
Canadian Reciprocity Treaty Of 1854
… a very popular idea, especially in export-oriented Canada West (Ontario) and in New Brunswick and other Maritime colonies. The Maritime colonies and the american fishermen fishing off the coast of Canada are the two parties that particularly felt that there was a need for a treaty (Gerriets … ten years. After the ten years, any party to the treaty could give the notice to terminate it.
The Treaty was approved by american and Canadian legislatures between late 1854 and early 1855. Upon its approval, it led to the removal of duties on multiple primary goods … and breadstuffs (Hinton, 2013; Gerriets & Gwyn, 1996). In other words, the treaty allowed Canadian Provinces to export the above goods without paying american duties and allowed american to export their products to Canadian Provinces without also paying duties.
According to historians, the treaty was highly beneficial to both the United … the……
References
References
Ankli, R. E. (1971). The reciprocity treaty of 1854. The Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d\\\\\\\\\\\\'Economique, 4(1), 1-20.
Gerriets, M., & Gwyn, J. (1996). Tariffs, trade, and reciprocity: Nova Scotia, 1830-1866. Acadiensis, 25(2), 62-81.
Haynes, F. E. (1892). The Reciprocity treaty with Canada of 1854 (Vol. 7, No. 6). Baltimore, Md.: American Economic Association.
Hinton, M. (2013). Canadian economic growth and the reciprocity treaty of 1854. Working Papers 13038, Economic History Society.
Masters, D. C. (1963). The reciprocity treaty of 1854: its history, its relation to British colonial and foreign policy, and to the development of Canadian fiscal autonomy (Vol. 9). McGill-Queen\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Press-MQUP.
Officer, L. H., & Smith, L. B. (1968). The Canadian-American reciprocity treaty of 1855 to 1866. Journal of Economic History, 598-623.
Porritt, E. (1908). Sixty Years of Protection in Canada, 1846-1907: Where Industry Leans on the Politician. London: Macmillan.
Saunders, S. A. (1934). The Maritime Provinces and the Reciprocity Treaty. The Dalhousie Review.
Study Document
Hurricane Maria And Puerto Rico S Emergency Management
… electricity was restored, and then meetings were held daily (de Arzola, 2018). Members of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the National Guard, and government organizations met with the health coalition that was established, which “enhanced communication among agencies, allowed prioritization of areas of need, and ensured that … Rico, the spread of disease in the wake of Maria was addressed in accordance with preparations made.
Internal and External Reactions
At the government level, the emergency planning and preparation was mainly inadequate and ill-formed. The internal reactions to the hurricane were unhelpful as political squabbling made … the devastation was not as bad as seemed and that work was underway to restore power when no such thing was true. The government released communications about power being restored in towns where power was still out, and the point of these misleading PR stunts was to … very deep hole that Maria……
References
References
Acevedo, N. (2018). Puerto Rico lacked disaster planning, communications strategy, hurricane study found. Retrieved from https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/puerto-rico-crisis/puerto-rico-lacked-disaster-planning-communications-strategy-hurricane-study-found-n904866
Achenbach, J. & Hernandez, A. (2017). FEMA administrator: Puerto Rico’s politics, lack of unity, hindering hurricane response. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/fema-administrator-puerto-ricos-politics-lack-of-unity-hindering-hurricane-response/2017/10/09/f1711996-ad10-11e7-9e58-e6288544af98_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.eef2e6bc0e3e
Amnesty International. (2018). Puerto Rico a year after Hurricane Maria. Retrieved from https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/research/2018/09/puerto-rico-a-year-after-hurricane-maria/
Bomey, N. (2017). Hurricane Maria halts crucial drug manufacturing in Puerto Rico, may spur shortages. Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2017/09/22/hurricane-maria-pharmaceutical-industry-puerto-rico/692752001/
CDC. (2019). PHEP. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/cpr/epf/docs/PuertoRico.pdf de Arzola, O. R. (2018). Emergency Preparedness and Hurricane Maria: The Experience of a Regional Academic Medical Center in Southwest Puerto Rico. Journal of Graduate Medical Education,10(4), 477-480. Florido, A. (2018). Government Lawyer Says Puerto Rico's Hurricane Response Plan 'Does Not Exist'. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2018/10/30/662345336/government-lawyer-says-puerto-ricos-hurricane-response-plan-does-not-exist
McMahon, C. (2018). Double down on the Jones Act? Journal of Maritime Law & Commerce, 49(2), 153-195.
Samaan, J. L., & Verneuil, L. (2009). Civil–Military Relations in Hurricane Katrina: a case study on crisis management in natural disaster response. Humanitarian Assistance: Improving US-European Cooperation, Center for Transatlantic Relations/Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD/Global Public Policy Institute, Berlin, 413-432.
Study Document
Free And Fair Trade Issue
Proposed Stopgap Spending Bill
Budgetary changes are common in the public administration field. government make budgetary changes as part of public governance based on various factors relating to serving the interests of the public. However, the process … of making budgetary changes is sometimes characterized by political issues and partisan approaches. Policymakers or politicians differ on the measures adopted by the government or public sector organization when proposing changes in the budget. This paper examines a recent publication regarding proposed budgetary change and how the … the Article
Cochrane (2020) published an article on the differing opinions between Democrats and Republicans regarding a recent spending bill. The recent looming government shutdown prompted Congressional leaders to enact a stopgap spending bill to mitigate the impacts of the shutdown. Prior to the creation of this … on the measure (Cochrane, 2020). The emerging dispute threatens efforts by these lawmakers to reach an……
References
Reference
Cochrane, E. (2020, September 21). Democrats and Republicans Clash Over Spending Bill to Avoid Shutdown. The New York Times. Retrieved October 7, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/21/us/politics/spending-bill-government-shutdown.html
Study Document
FBI Drugs And WMDs
… Development of a Strategy
As Mauroni points out, the plan to stop the spread and usage of WMDs by terrorists against America and american interests was “based on a counterproliferation strategy developed in response to the threat of nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) weapons to military forces … difficult for true collaboration and cooperation to exist. Thus, there has been identified by the Commission to Assess the Organization of the Federal government to Combat the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction a plan for using covert operations in the overall strategy. [6: Rowena Rege Fischer, … to combat the proliferation of WMDs “requires a clear delineation of responsibilities,” according to the Commission to Assess the Organization of the Federal government to Combat the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction.[footnoteRef:8] The Commission was established in 1998 and its report was presented the following year … or groups from taking steps……
References
Bibliography
Arnold, Aaron and Daniel Salisbury, “The Long Arm,” Belfer Center, 2019. https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/long-arm
Carter, Ashton B. "Overhauling counterproliferation." Technology in Society 26, no. 2-3 (2004): 257-269.
The Commission to Assess the Organization of the Federal Government to Combat the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. “Combating Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction,” Washington, D.C., 1999.
FBI. “COINTELPRO.” https://vault.fbi.gov/cointel-pro
FBI Counterproliferation Center. “About.” https://www.fbi.gov/about/leadership-and-structure/national-security-branch/fbi-counterproliferation-center
Fischer, Rowena Rege. “Guide to the Study of Intelligence: Counterproliferation,” Journal of U.S. Intelligence Studies 21, no. 1 (Winter 2014-15), 78-82.
Liow, Joseph Chinyong. "The Mahathir administration's war against Islamic militancy: operational and ideological challenges." Australian Journal of International Affairs 58, no. 2 (2004): 241-256.
Manchikanti, Laxmaiah, Jaya Sanapati, Ramsin M. Benyamin, Sairam Atluri, Alan D. Kaye, and Joshua A. Hirsch. "Reframing the prevention strategies of the opioid crisis: focusing on prescription opioids, fentanyl, and heroin epidemic." Pain physician 21, no. 4 (2018): 309-326.
Study Document
Domestic Extremism And Terrorism
… of this paper is, therefore, to compare and contrast the two groups while showing that they both represent deep sub-cultural trends among the american populace that are emerging into popular culture and have the potential of disrupting and subverting mainstream cultural norms. To accomplish this objective, this … into, support, and diverge from the extremist groups that purport to project them.
Review of the Literature
One of the problems of today’s american socio-political system is that it is a two-party system in which all of society is essentially forced to choose sides—Right or Left. This … toxic culture of extremism and violence then they are ultimately responsible for the violence that ensues, which is largely what has happened in american society. Culture has to be addressed at the legislative level because this is where laws are determined and where expectations for social behavior … institutional influences that promote or……
References
References
Breger, M. L. (2017). Reforming by re-norming: How the legal system has the potential to change a toxic culture of domestic violence. J. Legis., 44, 170.
Beinart, P. (2017). The rise of the violent left. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/the-rise-of-the-violent-left/534192/
Brockhoff, S., Krieger, T. & Meierrieks, D. (2014). Great expectations and hard times: the (nontrivial) impact of education on domestic terrorism. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 59(7), 1186-1215.
Brown, D. (2017). Proud boys founder. Retrieved from https://www.portlandmercury.com/blogtown/2017/12/12/19540403/proud-boys-founder-wants-to-trigger-the-entire-state-of-oregon-by-helping-patriot-prayers-joey-gibson-win-the-oregon-person-of-the-year- p
Cramer, E. P., Choi, Y. J., & Ross, A. I. (2017). Race, Culture, and Abuse of Persons with Disabilities. In Religion, Disability, and Interpersonal Violence (pp. 89-110). Springer, Cham.
Dalgaard-Nielsen, A. (2016). Countering violent extremism with governance networks. Perspectives on Terrorism, 10(6), 135-139.
DeCook, J. R. (2018). Memes and symbolic violence:# proudboys and the use of memes for propaganda and the construction of collective identity. Learning, Media and Technology, 43(4), 485-504.
Doyle, E. (Ed.). (2018). Antifa and the Radical Left. Greenhaven Publishing LLC.
Study Document
The Influence Of International Jewry In The Founding Of Israel
… is not always the case that Jews want to self-identify first and foremost as Jews before they identify as something else—for example, as american or as white or as an Iraqi or as a…[break]…1917 announced support for a Jewish state in Palestine, which at the time was … just as Hitler described. Jews tended to support the idea of a Jewish identity and Jews in powerful positions in finance, industry and government were able to influence the British to support Jewish immigration to Palestine. This matter was one of intense focus for much of the … Germany was untenable for Jews and Jewish influence around the world, from Russia to America, was used to put pressure on the British government to take action.[footnoteRef:5] [5: JMW, X. Zionism: #42-55; JMW, IX. american Jewry: #52
]
Hitler’s own prophecy of Jewry’s Annihilation was a titillating enough treatise that served as an……
References
Bibliography
JMW, XII. Jewish Identity Challenged and Redefined: #16
JMW, XI. The Shoah: #21-41
JMW, VIII. Sephardi & Middle Eastern Jewry #32-35
JMW, X. Zionism: #42-55
JMW, IX. American Jewry: #52
Study Document
Blacks And The Reconstruction
… be re-established. Frederick Douglass, writing in The Atlantic in 1866, stated that enfranchisement of the free black would only come if the federal government passed laws to protect the newly freed former slaves and brought the law of the North into the South. What happened, however, was … Douglass had hoped to see Yankee law prevail. Reconstruction floundered and racism persisted. This paper will show how the goals of Reconstruction regarding African-american were not achieved by 1900 because of a failure of the federal government to oversee effectively the Era of Reconstruction and to eradicate the racist doctrines and organizations of the South.
President Johnson essentially gave the … enfranchised. Johnson stated in his 1865 pardon: “I hereby grant and assure to all persons of color who have, directly or by…[break]…from the government. It was as though they had been dropped in their own same land as yesterday but……
References
Works Cited
A&E. “Carpetbaggers and Scalawags.” History, 2018. https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/carpetbaggers-and-scalawags
Douglass, Frederick. “Reconstruction.” The Atlantic, 1866. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1866/12/reconstruction/304561/
Guelzo, Allen. Reconstruction Didn\\\\'t Fail. It Was Overthrown. Time, 2018. http://time.com/5256940/reconstruction-failure-excerpt/
McBride, Alex. “Plessy v. Ferguson.” Thirteen, 2007. https://www.thirteen.org/wnet/supremecourt/antebellum/landmark_plessy.html
Johnson, Andrew. “A Proclamation.” Digital History, 1865. http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/exhibits/reconstruction/section4/section4_pardon1.html
Lincoln, Abraham. Second Inaugural Address, 1865. http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/lincoln2.asp
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