Theories Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Agency Theory And The Limitations Of Representative Government
...Theories The Political Nature of the Federal Budget Process
Introduction
The federal budget process is overseen by US Congressmen, who are fundamentally immersed in the political nature of government. As Elwood (2008) notes, members of Congress are influenced in three ways: 1) by money that is used to finance their political campaigns; 2) by obtaining the votes necessary for reelection; and 3) by obtaining expert advice on topics that are of personal importance to them. The federal budget process is particularly impactful on the first two and vice versa. For example, “the ability to funnel money into a congressional district or state provides an excellent opportunity for a legislator to remain in office” (Elwood, 2008, p. 3). This ability creates a conflict of interest among the politicians overseeing the budget process. On the one hand they are tasked with producing a budget resolution and allocating funds based on the duty to……
References
References
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Agency theory: An assessment and review. Academy of management review, 14(1), 57-74.
Elwood, T. W. (2008). Politics of the US Federal Budget Process. International quarterly of community health education, 28(1), 3-12.
Jennings, M. (2008). Business Ethics: Case Studies and Selected Readings. Cengage.
Machold, S., Ahmed, P.K., & Farquhar, S.S. (2007). Corporate Governance and Ethics: A Feminist Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics (2008) 81:665-678.
ProActive Solutions. (2020). Agency theory. Retrieved from http://knowledgegrab.com/learners-zone/study-support/performance-management-review/framework-introduction-to-hrm/agency-theory/
Study Document
Shareholder Vs Stakeholder Theory
...Theories Introduction
Milton Friedman’s quote gets to the heart of the conflict between shareholder theory vs. stakeholder theory. Shareholder theory posits that a corporation’s sole responsibility is to maximize the return on investment (ROI) for shareholders. Stakeholder theory posits, on the other hand, that a company owes a duty to all stakeholders (not just shareholders)—members of the community, workers, consumers; in short, anyone who is part of or who is impacted in some way by the company. The question is: Do corporations exist only to serve the interests of shareholders or do they also have a responsibility to serve stakeholders as well? This paper will answer that question by looking at the nature and essence of business social responsibility from the standpoint of the four major sources of ethical values in business: Law, Culture, Philosophy, and Religion. It will show that in today’s business environment, stakeholder theory needs to be pursued……
References
References
Augustine. (n.d.). Commentaries on Sermon on the Mount. http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/16011.htm
Chen, J. (2019). Market Milestones as the Bull Market Turns 10. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/market-milestones-as-the-bull-market-turns-10-4588903
Egan, M. (2018). Tax cut triggers $437 billion explosion of stock buybacks. Retrieved from https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/10/investing/stock-buybacks-record-tax-cuts/index.html
Henrich, S. (2019). Unholy alliance. Retrieved from https://northmantrader.com/2019/11/30/unholy-alliance/
Laux, C., & Leuz, C. (2010). Did fair-value accounting contribute to the financial crisis?. Journal of economic perspectives, 24(1), 93-118.
Light, L. (2019). More than Half of All Stock Buybacks are Now Financed by Debt. Here’s Why That’s a Problem. Retrieved from https://fortune.com/2019/08/20/stock-buybacks-debt-financed/
Mullen, C. (2019). People want to buy \\\\\\'local\\\\\\' food, but they\\\\\\'re not sure what it means. Retrieved from https://www.bizjournals.com/bizwomen/news/latest-news/2019/05/people-want-to-buy-local-food-but-theyre-not-sure.html?page=all
Putka, G. (2019). Insiders are selling. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/company-insiders-are-selling-stock-during-buyback-programs-and-making-additional-profits-when-stock-prices-jump-and-its-legal/2019/11/06/fc592f58-e493-11e9-a331-2df12d56a80b_story.html
Study Document
Carl Rogers The Ideal Self And Animal Therapy
Evidence-Based Programs and Practices
Part 1: Define and Refine
Evidence-Based Theories
Evidence-based programs are defined as a prevention or treatment practice, that is based on consistent scientific evidence providing proof that the practice improves … set of parameters or guidelines for how to interpret evidence and how to implement the recommendations based on the evidence into one’s practice. Theories serve as the lens through which to look at the evidence. Just as a microscope has a lens and a focus so that … details of the subject, the theory allows the data to be put into perspective, and that perspective is defined by the theory or theories that are used in the research.
In the field of addiction, there are numerous evidence based theories: behavioral theories, pharmacological theories, psychotherapeutic theories, and so on. Each theory has been tested in research and examined from multiple dimensions. There is not always agreement……
References
References
Asen, E. & Fonagy, P (2012) Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice. Washington DC.
Kern-Godal, A., Arnevik, E. A., Walderhaug, E., &Ravndal, E. (2015). Substance use disorder treatment retention and completion: a prospective study of horse-assisted therapy (HAT) for young adults. Addiction science & clinical practice, 10(1), 21.
Rogers, C. (1951). Client-Centered Therapy. MA: Riverside Press. Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology. (2006). American Psychologist, May-June, 271-285.
Muela, A., Balluerka, N., Amiano, N., Caldentey, M. A., &Aliri, J. (2017). Animal-assisted psychotherapy for young people with behavioural problems in residential care. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 24(6), O1485 O1494. doi: http://fir.tesu.edu:2074/10.1002/cpp.2112
Operational Definition for Evidence-Based Practices Addictions and Mental Health Division. (2017). Week 4 material.
Study Document
Holistic Care And Nursing How To Care For The Whole Person
...Theories Personal Philosophy of Nursing
Introduction
Having a personal philosophy of nursing is important because it provides the nurse with an understanding of the framework that will be applied in the nurse’s own career of caring for patients. Personal understanding is the bedrock of growth and development. So it is appropriate to stop and consider how one’s own philosophy of nursing aligns with one’s view of the nursing metaparadigm. This paper will identify the factors that have influenced my development of my personal nursing philosophy. It will also discuss my thoughts regarding the nursing metaparadigm. Finally, it will examine the nursing theory that is most compatible with my personal philosophy.
Factors Influencing the Development of My Personal Nursing Philosophy
Factors that have influenced the development of my personal nursing philosophy are 1) my education, and 2) my own experience and understanding of nursing. My education has taught me the basics of……
References
References
Erickson, H. L. (2007). Philosophy and theory of holism. Nursing Clinics of North America, 42(2), 139-163.
Faust C. (2002). Orlando's deliberative nursing process theory: a practice application in an extended care facility. Journal of Gerontology Nursing, 28(7), 14-8.
Frank, L., Engelke, P., & Schmid, T. (2003). Health and community design: The impact of the built environment on physical activity. Island Press.
McCormack, L., Thomas, V., Lewis, M. A., & Rudd, R. (2017). Improving low health literacy and patient engagement: a social ecological approach. Patient education and counseling, 100(1), 8-13.
Rajabpour, S., & Rayyani, M. (2019). The relationship between Iranian patients’ perception of holistic care and satisfaction with nursing care. BMC nursing, 18(1), 1-7.
Study Document
I O Psychology Motivation And Leadership Topics
...Theories Peer Reply 1: Brian Walker
Hi, Brian! It sounds like you have some very interesting pastimes that help you relax, unwind, and recharge. I appreciate you sharing a bit about yourself and find it inspiring to see someone who has obviously been successful in life taking the same class I am taking. It makes me think I am doing something right by being here, since others like you who have already come such a long way in life are here with me. Hopefully, we can all learn a little from each other. Like you, I look forward to learning how to read people more effectively and learning how to motivate people using I/O psychology. One of the important principles I have learned about human motivation in the past, at least according to Maslow’s (1943) theory of the needs hierarchy is that the goal is to get people to be self-motivated,……
References
References
Rogers, C. (1951). Client-Centered Therapy. MA: Riverside Press.
Study Document
Culture Analysis At A Software Company
...Theories Culture Analysis Paper
Company Overview
I’m studying a software company that shall be known as K. K is not based in Silicon Valley, but elsewhere in the US, with offices around the world. K sells SaaS products in the B2B market and has sales in the hundreds of millions, and over 1000 employees. This company has also acquired several small firms in recent years. Integrating all of those individual cultures into a cohesive one has been one of the organization’s biggest challenges. This paper will outline the culture at K via primary sources, supplemented with secondary source material on organizational culture theory.
Primary research consisting of several employee interviews revealed some challenges, especially the domains of underlying assumptions and values. There is a lack of artifacts that provide meaning, which is another problem that will need to be resolved.
Primary Research
As I know people who work in this company……
References
References
Chambers, K. & Honeycutt, A. (2009) Telecommunications mega-mergers: Impact on employee morale and turnover intention. Journal of Business & Economics Research. Vol. 7 (2) 43-52.
Dencker, J., Joshi, A, & Martocchio, J. (2007) Employee benefits as context for intergenerational conflict Human Resource Management Review. Vol. 17 (2) 208-220.
Lund, D. (2003) Organizational culture and job satisfaction. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing. Vol. 18 (3) 219-236.
North, M. & Fiske, S. (2015) Intergenerational resource tensions in the workplace and beyond: Individual, interpersonal, institutional and international. Research in Organizational Behavior. Vol. 35 (2015) 159-179.
Yamanoi, J. & Sayama, H. (2013). Post-merger cultural integration from a social network perspective: A computational modeling approach. Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory Vol. 19 (2013) 516-537.
Study Document
Violence Prevention Programs
… be unique factors at play in every case, and some may be readily explained by strain theory, and some will not be. Other theories, such as social bond theory or life course theory, are just as applicable in understanding why violence occurs in given situations. To understand … involved, or a lack of social support, or no connection to one’s community. It is important to consider how interlocking and integrated numerous theories can be when one pulls back a little and sees how they are genuinely supportive of one another in terms of allowing a ……
References
References
Altafim, E. R. P., & Linhares, M. B. M. (2016). Universal violence and childmaltreatment prevention programs for parents: A systematic review. Psychosocial Intervention, 25(1), 27-38.
Alternative Paths. (2020). Violence prevention. Retrieved from https://www.alternativepaths.org/services/diversion-programs/violence-prevention-program
Farrell, A. D., Meyer, A. L., Kung, E. M., & Sullivan, T. N. (2001). Development and evaluation of school-based violence prevention programs. Journal of clinical child psychology, 30(2), 207-220.
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1995). Why violence prevention programs don't work--and what does. Educational Leadership, 52(5), 63-68.
Lee, C., & Wong, J. S. (2020). Examining the effects of teen dating violence prevention programs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 1-40.
Siegel, L. (2018). Criminology, 7th Ed. Cengage Learning.
Stagg, S. J., & Sheridan, D. (2010). Effectiveness of bullying and violence prevention programs: A systematic review. Aaohn Journal, 58(10), 419-424.
Study Document
Counterintelligence Issues Within United States
… in the US in an era of conflict, it is helpful to approach the subject from the standpoint of conflict theory and the theories developed around it, all of which focus on the ways in which power is sought and used by groups in order to obtain ……
References
Bibliography
2020-2022 National Counterintelligence Strategy of the United States. 2020. Washington, DC: National Counterintelligence and Security Center
Bailey, Christopher and Susan M. Galich. 2012. “Codes of Ethics: The Intelligence Community.” International Journal of Intelligence Ethics 35 (2): 77-99.
Bernardi, Beatrice. 2013. \\\\\\"The Role of Intelligence in the Fight Against International Terrorism: Legal Profiles.\\\\\\" Bachelor\\\\\\'s thesis, Università Ca\\\\\\'Foscari Venezia.
Carson, Thomas L. 2010. Lying and Deception: Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press.
Erskine, Toni. 2004. \\\\\\"\\\\\\'As Rays of Light to the Human Soul\\\\\\'? Moral Agents and Intelligence Gathering.\\\\\\" Intelligence & National Security 19 (2): 359-381.
Godson, Roy, and James J. Wirtz. 2000. \\\\\\"Strategic denial and deception.\\\\\\" International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 13 (4): 424-437.
Horkheimer, Max. 1972. Critical Theory. New York: Seabury Press.
Intelligence and National Security Alliance. 2020. Counterintelligence for the 21st Century. Arlington, VA.
Study Document
Experiential Family Therapy
… theory, concepts, and techniques that relate to my own approach to counseling. Similarities and dissimilarities between the experiential family counseling and other leading theories will be explored and the paper will conclude with a discussion of what new knowledge I acquired.
Leading Figures
Carl Whitaker helped to … footsteps. However, for authentic experiential family therapy, a counselor should mirror Whitaker’s method and not try to constrain it with formulaic techniques or theories that, as Whitaker felt, would only do a disservice to the client. That is what I found to be most interesting about this ……
References
References
About Kempler Institute. (2019). Retrieved from https://kempler.dk/om-kempler-instituttet/
Brown, K., & Taghehchian, R. (2016). Bottled up: An experiential intervention for emotional suppression. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 27(4), 302-307. doi:10.1080/08975353.2016.1235435
Cag, P., & Voltan Acar, N. (2015). A View of the Symbolic-Experiential Family Therapy of Carl Whitaker through Movie Analysis. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 15(3), 575-586.
Carson, D. K. (1999). The importance of creativity in family therapy: A preliminary consideration. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 7(4), 326-224. doi:10.1177/1066480799074002
Epstein, N. B., & Baucom, D. H. (2002). Enhanced cognitive-behavioral therapy for couples: A contextual approach. American Psychological Association.
Napier, A. Y., & Whitaker, C. A. (2011). The family crucible. Harper Collins.
Neil, J. & Kniskern, D. (1982). From psyche to system: The evolving therapy of Carl Whitaker. New York: Guilford Press.
Kempler, W. (1965). Experiential family therapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 15(1), 57.
Study Document
Capital Structure Analysis
… In this paper, the capital structure of Afterpay Touch Group Limited (ATP), FlexiGroup Limited (FXL), and Zip Co Limited (Z1P) will be calculated, theories of optimal capital structure will be discussed and optimal capital structure of ATP will be determined.
Calculation of Capital Structure
Capital structure is … FXL (As of 2019, the debt ratio of ATP is 7%, while Z1P and FXL is 61% and 89%, respectively).
Optimal Capital Structure Theories
There are four capital structure theories that have been developed to date: 1) the trade-off theory, 2) the pecking order theory, 3) the signaling theory, and 4) the managerial ……
References
References
Estimating a synthetic rating and cost of debt. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/New_Home_Page/valquestions/syntrating.htm
Fenebris.com. (2019, August 18). AU. Retrieved from http://www.market-risk-premia.com/au.htmlm
Intelligent Investor. (n.d.). FlexiGroup Limited. Retrieved from https://www.intelligentinvestor.com.au/shares/asx-fxl/flexigroup-limited/financials IntelligentInvestor.com. (n.d.). Afterpay Touch Group Limited. Retrieved from https://www.intelligentinvestor.com.au/shares/asx-apt/afterpay-touch-group-limited/financials
Yahoo Finance. (n.d.). FLEXIGROUP FPO (FXL.AX) Balance Sheet. Retrieved from https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/FXL.AX/balance-sheet?p=FXL.AXhttps://finance.yahoo.com/quote/FXL.AX/balance-sheet?p=FXL.AX
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