Prison System Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Race And Incarceration Rates
Introduction
Race has always been a cultural factor in the U.S. and it is certainly a factor in today’s criminal justice system. James (2018:30) has shown that current “research on police officers has found that they tend to associate African Americans with threat” (30). A … Root of the Problem
Alexander (2012) notes that the mass incarceration of African Americans is because of racial prejudice in the criminal justice system (informed by the same culture that promote Manifest Destiny nearly 200 years ago): she points out, for instance, that 50% of the young … she points out, for instance, that 50% of the young African American male population is “currently under the control of the criminal justice system” (Alexander 2012:16). Another issue is the unjust War on Drugs which disproportionately impacts African Americans, who are commonly denied representation and are pushed … are commonly denied representation and are pushed into……
References
References
Aguirre, A., & Baker, D. V. (Eds.). 2008. Structured inequality in the United States: Critical discussions on the continuing significance of race, ethnicity, and gender. New York: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Alexander, Michelle. 2012. The New Jim Crow. New York: New Press.
Davis, Angela. 2012. The Meaning of Freedom. San Francisco: City Light Books.
James, Lois. 2018. The stability of implicit racial bias in police officers. Police Quarterly 21(1):0-52.
Lopez, German. 2018. There are huge racial disparities in how US police use force. Retrieved July 30, 2019 ( https://www.vox.com/identities/2016/8/13/17938186/police-shootings-killings-racism-racial-disparities ).
O’Sullivan, John. 1845. Annexation. United States Magazine and Democratic Review 17(1):5-10.
Pettit, Becky, and Bruce Western. 2004. Mass imprisonment and the life course: Race and class inequality in US incarceration." American sociological review 69(2):151-169.
Plessy v. Ferguson. 1896. Retrieved July 30, 2019 ( https://www.oyez.org/cases/1850-1900/163us537 ).
Study Document
Constitutional Rights And Administrative Goals
The 8th Amendment and prison Life
Not all of an individual’s Constitutional rights are lost the moment the person is incarcerated. On the contrary, it is there that … than ever because it is in the penitentiary that individuals are essentially cut off from society and at the mercy of the correctional system. The correctional system must, therefore, maintain a degree of authenticity and transparency so that society can be assured that prison are treated humanely and in accordance with their Constitutional rights. At the same time the correctional system has to take issues such as security, effective administration, and cultural sensitivity. This paper will show that when it comes to the rights … as security, effective administration, and cultural sensitivity. This paper will show that when it comes to the rights of the incarcerated, the correctional system must be fair and equitable in their treatment and handling of prison.……
References
References
Compton, M. T., Anderson, S., Broussard, B., Ellis, S., Halpern, B., Pauselli, L., . . . Johnson, M. (2017). A potential new form of jail diversion and reconnection to mental health services: II. Demonstration of feasibility. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 35(5–6), 492–500. doi:10.1002/bsl.2319
Oaks, D. H. (1965). Habeas corpus in the states: 1776-1865. The University of Chicago Law Review, 32(2), 243-288.
Richmond, C. (2015). Toward a More Constitutional Approach to Solitary Confinement: The Case for Reform. Harv. J. on Legis., 52, 1.
Stojkovic, S., & Lovell, R. (2019). Corrections: An introduction (2nd Ed.). Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu
UPI. (2018). Justice Department: Alabama prisons may violate 8th Amendment. Retrieved from https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2019/04/03/Justice-Department-Alabama-prisons-may-violate-8th-Amendment/8921554309036/
Study Document
Treatment Versus Punishment
… house, rape, or murder, are still children and they should be viewed as children who are in serious need of help. The justice system should adopt a more humane approach to juveniles because they are still in a developmental process. As one ages, the phases of development … punishes the child to show the child that such behavior is unacceptable. This is fine and necessary, but the problem with the justice system is that punishments are blown way out of proportion (Meli, 2014). Lives are ruined because the justice system wants to send a stern message to offenders and potential offenders that their behavior will not be tolerated. That message, however, has to … punishment must be received. However, the punishment should by no means mean that the child must spend 10, 20 or 30 years in prison well into adulthood. That is what happened with Anthony Rolon: he……
References
References
Agnew, R. (2008). Strain Theory. In V. Parrillo (Ed.), Encyclopedia of social problems. (pp. 904-906). Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
Cramer, M. (2014). Parole Board releases 2nd man convicted of murder as juvenile. Retrieved from https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/08/06/parole-board-releases-man-convicted-murder-while-juvenile/REwVVe3aR9leuRVMpZsN6O/story.html
Diskin, M. (2018). New law will put limits. Retrieved from https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/2018/10/11/new-california-law-means-teen-suspect-oxnard-murders-cannot-tried-adult/1535518002/
Fritz, J. K. (2015). Diverting young offenders from prison is ‘smart justice.’ Education Digest, 81(2), 53-55.
Jannetta, J., & Okeke, C. (2017). Strategies for Reducing Criminal and Juvenile Justice Involvement. Building Ladders of Opportunity for Young People in the Great Lakes States, brief, 4. Retrieved from https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/94516/strategies-for-reducing-criminal-and-juvenile-justice-involvement_2.pdf
Johnson, T., Quintana, E., Kelly, D. A., Graves, C., Schub, O., Newman, P., & Casas, C. (2015). Restorative Justice Hubs Concept Paper. Revista de Mediación, 8(2), 2340-9754.
McCarthy, P., Schiraldi, V., & Shark, M. (2016). The future of youth justice: A community-based alternative to the youth prison model. US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice.
Meli, L. (2014). Hate Crime and Punishment: Why Typical Punishment Does Not Fit the Crime. U. Ill. L. Rev., 921.
Study Document
Pro Death Penalty
… being committed in the first place through the deterrent effect. Third, the death penalty could save taxpayers a lot of money and reduce prison overcrowding, too. Arguments against the death penalty are valid but insufficient to withdraw from a pro death penalty position. For example, the death … retain the death penalty.
Introduction
The continuing use of the death penalty for specific crimes remains a distinguishing feature of the American penal system. Much criticism has been waged at the death penalty, and for good reason. After all, it is important to be fully certain that … certainty. The death penalty may not deter some people, but could be a meaningful deterrent for others. Keeping violent criminals locked up in prison for decades costs more money than the average taxpayer realizes, and financial cost alone could suffice to explain why the death penalty should … taxpayer realizes, and financial cost……
References
References
ACLU (n.d.). The case against the death penalty. Retrieved from: https://www.aclu.org/other/case-against-death-penalty
The Code of Hammurabi. Trans. By L.W. King. Retrieved from: https://avalon.law.yale.edu/ancient/hamframe.asp
“Top 10 Pro & Con Arguments,” (2016). ProCon. Retrieved from: https://deathpenalty.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=002000
World Population Review (2019). Countries with death penalty 2019. Retrieved from: http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/countries-with-death-penalty/
Study Document
Determinate Versus Indeterminate Sentencing Policies
… time rather a specific sentence length. With indeterminate sentencing, the judge provides a minimum and a maximum but defers authority regarding when a prison is released (or when probation ends) to other members of the criminal justice system such as parole board members and probation officers. Determinate sentencing is just the opposite: a procedure in which the trial judge does sentence … an indeterminate sentence, the parole board exercises discretion based on multiple factors such as good conduct exhibited while the offender serves time in prison. An indeterminate sentence is flexible, permitting the parole board to consider factors like whether the person has been pursuing personal and career development, … sentencing works well from the perspective of criminal justice professionals. Rather than relying on a single decision made by one trial judge, the system operates as a whole with a diversity of opinion governing the outcome of any given……
References
References
Allen, J. (2016). CU rape case sparks debate over Colorado’s indeterminate sentencing law. The Denver Channel. Retrieved from: https://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/local-news/colorados-indeterminate-sentencing-criticized
Baker, J. (2020, Aug 10). Davis sentenced to 15 years in 2017 Wheeling hotel killing. WTOV. Retrieved from: https://wtov9.com/news/local/davis-sentenced-to-15-years-in-2017-wheeling-hotel-killing
Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute (n.d.). Indeterminate sentence. Retrieved from: https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/indeterminate_sentence
Gant, J. & Hussain, D. (2020, 5 Aug). Hero PC Andrew Harper’s mother slams ‘unduly lenient sentences for her son’s killers. Daily Mail. Retrieved from: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8592283/Attorney-General-review-jail-terms-handed-three-teenagers-killed-PC-Andrew-Harper.html
Green, S.J. (2020, Aug 6). Brothers sentenced to 40 years in prison for 2016 shooting at Seattle homeless encampment. Bakersfield. Retrieved from: https://www.bakersfield.com/ap/national/brothers-sentenced-to-40-years-in-prison-for-2016-shooting-at-seattle-homeless-encampment/article_5c5d040d-0e0c-532e-9fd7-794232746f5d.html
O’Hear, M.M. (2011). Beyond rehabilitation. 48 Am. Crim. L. Rev. 1247 (2011).
Puzauskas, K. & Morrow, K. (2018). No indeterminate sentencing without parole. 44 Ohio N.U. L. Rev. 263 (2018).
Rhine, E.E., Watts, A. & Reitz, K.R. (2018). Parole boards within indeterminate and determinate sentencing structures. Robina Institute of Law and Criminal Justice. Retrieved from: https://robinainstitute.umn.edu/news-views/parole-boards-within-indeterminate-and-determinate-sentencing-structures
Study Document
Effectiveness Of The War On Drugs
… point out its failure in quantitative terms. Writing for Harvard Law Today, London (2005) mentions the more than 500,000 individuals serving time in prison for nonviolent drug offenses. prison as a response to drug-related offenses has led to a humanitarian crisis. An anonymously written article published on a Stanford University domain indicates … why America—and the world—is losing the war on drugs by pointing out effects on the children of those who are serving time in prison and the reverberations within the global economy (“America is At War,” n.d.). Thus, the literature shows that the War on Drugs is more … that drug will become abused, without even needing to mention the deleterious effects of other widely used legal drugs like alcohol and tobacco.…[break]…in prison for nonviolent drug offenses. prison as a response to drug-related offenses has led to a humanitarian crisis. An anonymously written article published on a……
References
References
ACLU (2020). Against drug prohibition. Retrieved from: https://www.aclu.org/other/against-drug-prohibition " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
War On Drugs
… point out its failure in quantitative terms. Writing for Harvard Law Today, London (2005) mentions the more than 500,000 individuals serving time in prison for nonviolent drug offenses. prison as a response to drug-related offenses has led to a humanitarian crisis. An anonymously written article published on a Stanford University domain indicates … why America—and the world—is losing the war on drugs by pointing out effects on the children of those who are serving time in prison and the reverberations within the global economy (“America is At War,” n.d.). Thus, the literature shows that the War on Drugs is more ……
References
References
ACLU (2020). Against drug prohibition. Retrieved from: https://www.aclu.org/other/against-drug-prohibition " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
Criminal Justice Reform And Bail Reform
Introduction
What is criminal justice reform? It is the focus on improving the criminal justice system through the implementation of evidence-based best practices, policies that promote greater equitability fairness, and system that are more cost-efficient (National Criminal Justice Association, 2019). One area in which reform is needed is the issue of bail. Bail is … last for many months. If the individual has the money, he may post bail. If not, he is stuck in jail. Essentially, the system favors the rich over the poor (ACLU, 2019). There are many examples of abuses regarding bail—from the woman mistakenly jailed pre-trial, who ended … harsher sentence if the defense should fail to persuade of innocence (Vitiello, 2003). Reform measures have been around for as long as the system has, however. Even in Charles Dickens’ day in England there was a push for reform of a system many viewed as unjust. In……
References
References
ACLU. (2019). ACLU lawsuit goes after $2 billion bail industry that profits off poor people. Retrieved from https://www.aclu.org/press-releases/aclu-lawsuit-goes-after-2-billion-bail-industry-profits-poor-people
Drug Policy Alliance. (2019). New Jersey Judiciary Releases Annual Bail Reform Report, with Additional Key Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.drugpolicy.org/press-release/2019/04/new-jersey-judiciary-releases-annual-bail-reform-report-additional-key
National Criminal Justice Association. (2019). Criminal justice system improvement. Retrieved from https://www.ncja.org/ncja/policy/criminal-justice-reform
Platt, T. (2018). Criminal justice reform in the U.S. has a long history of repressive outcomes. Retrieved from https://www.salon.com/2018/12/27/criminal-justice-reform-in-the-u-s-has-a-long-history-of-repressive-outcomes/
Vitiello, M. (2002). Three Strikes Laws-A Real or Imagined Deterrent to Crime. Hum. Rts., 29, 3.
Woods, A. & Rosnick, J. (2019). Mistakenly Jailed Pretrial, an Ohio Mother Lost Her Job and Kids. Retrieved from https://www.aclu.org/blog/smart-justice/bail-reform/mistakenly-jailed-pretrial-ohio-mother-lost-her-job-and-kids
Ziegelheim, D. (2018). Grassroots Organizations Are Leading The Way On Criminal Justice Reform. Retrieved from https://psmag.com/social-justice/the-grassroots-organizations-leading-criminal-justice-reform
Study Document
Why Social Justice Matters In Corrections
1
Peer 1 Jerri
While privatization of the prison industry might save the state in terms of costs I believe it does not save the state in terms of face or accountability. … save the state in terms of costs I believe it does not save the state in terms of face or accountability. True, private prison are regulated (Seiter, 2014), but there is almost certainly bound to be a conflict of interest between the private industry and the mission … but there is almost certainly bound to be a conflict of interest between the private industry and the mission of the criminal justice system. If the corrections industry is profiting from incarceration, how can there not be a conflict of interest? Thus, my big problem with privatization … the corrections industry is profiting from incarceration, how can there not be a conflict of interest? Thus, my big problem with……
References
References
Johnson, T., Quintana, E., Kelly, D. A., Graves, C., Schub, O., Newman, P., & Casas, C. (2015). Restorative Justice Hubs Concept Paper. Revista de Mediación, 8(2), 2340-9754.
Seiter, R. P. (2014). Private prisons: Myths, realities & educational opportunities for inmates. Saint Louis University Public Law Review, 33(1), 415–428.
Study Document
Solitary Nation Documentary
Solitary Nation Response: Why Does America Allow Solitary Confinement in prison
1
The major issue addressed in the documentary Solitary Nation is the role that solitary confinement plays in the incarceration process. Violent inmates … re-instituted in the 1980s and the documentary takes a look at the inmates and those running a Maine penitentiary. The documentary notes that prison can spend years in segregation or “seg” as they call it—locked away from others for 23 hours a day. One can see from … documentary appears to be that there has to be a better and more humane way to deal with people who are violent in prison. It does not appear that there is any attempt or much attempt at all to address the mental health needs or spiritual needs … is evident right on the surface. The big question, however, is what to do with violent inmates—what form of punishment……
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