Criminal Justice Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Building Resilience In Travis County
… rate of savings, low educational attainment, and low entrepreneurial/small business ownership are the specific wealth gap-related vulnerabilities this strategy seeks to address.
Social justice
Reflecting nationwide trends, Travis County African Americans “experienced significantly longer periods of confinement in jail and were jailed at a much higher rate ……
References
References
Austin History Center (2019). African American Community Archivist. Retrieved from https://library.austintexas.gov/ahc/african-american-community-archivist
Castillo, J. (2018). Exhibit on African Americans in Travis County tells stories, reveals gaps. Statesman. 27 Sept, 2018. Retrieved from https://www.statesman.com/article/20120925/NEWS/309259130
Chang, J. (2018). Black children in Travis County 8 times more likely to be removed by CPS than white children. Statesman. 25 Oct, 2018. Retrieved from https://www.statesman.com/news/20181020/black-children-in-travis-county-8-times-more-likely-to-be-removed-by-cps-than-white-children
Craver, J. (2017). African-Americans spend more time in Travis County jail for same offenses as whites. Austin Monitor. 14 Jul 2017. Retrieved from https://www.austinmonitor.com/stories/2017/07/african-americans-spend-time-travis-county-jail-offenses-whites/
Davis, C. (2018). African-Americans are moving to Austin again, but many don’t feel welcome. KXAN. 15 Jan, 2018. Retrieved from https://www.kxan.com/news/local/austin/african-americans-are-moving-to-austin-again-but-many-dont-feel-welcome/
Menon, S. (2019). Conference aims to help more African-Americans get mental health care. KUT. 25 Feb, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.kut.org/post/conference-aims-help-more-african-americans-get-mental-health-care
“New report points to racism and longer confinement of African Americans in Travis County Jail,” (2017). Grassroots Leadership. 13 July, 2017. Retrieved from https://grassrootsleadership.org/releases/2017/07/new-report-points-racism-and-longer-confinement-african-americans-travis-county
Prosperity Now (2019). Racial wealth divide in Austin. Retrieved from https://www.austincf.org/Portals/0/Uploads/Documents/Reports/Racial%20Wealth%20Divide%20Profile%20Austin_February%202019_%20Final3.pdf
Study Document
Violent Crime Control And Law Enforcement Act Of 1994
Crimes in the U.S.
Introduction
Contrary to US civil law, the nation’s criminal law represents a legal system which deals with penalizing those who perpetrate criminal offenses. Among the many criminal laws of the nation is its 1994 Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act or, simply, crime bill. The bill’s enactment was, in … Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act or, simply, crime bill. The bill’s enactment was, in a number of ways, characteristic of the tough-on-criminal bipartisan campaign of the latter part of the past century. The bill included numerous positive provisions like greater law enforcement accountability and fresh protections … those victimized by perpetrators of sexual abuse/assault and domestic violence; however, it was believed to worsen the racial gap in involvement in the criminal justice arena (Moore, 2017). Hence, this paper attempts at ascertaining the desired impact of the aforementioned crime bill, as well as court interpretation……
References
References
Raymond Derrial Madden, Petitioner-appellant, v. United States of America, Respondent-appellee, 64 F.3d 669 (10th Cir. 1995)
Sepulveda v. United States, 69 F. Supp. 2d 633 (D.N.J. 1999)
United States of America, Plaintiff-appellee, v. Joanne Kwi Ye Estes, Defendant-appellant, 166 F.3d 1218 (9th Cir. 1998)
United States v. Madden, No. 92-6206 (10th Cir. Apr. 20, 1993), WL 332262 Books and article
Moore, R. (2017). The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness. Macat Library.
United States Congress. (1994). Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. Public law, (103-322).
Websites
The Establishment. (2016, April 12). About That Controversial 1994 Crime Bill. A Medium Corporation. Retrieved from https://medium.com/the-establishment/about-that-controversial-1994-crime-bill-c17ccfcc25fa
Study Document
Sociology Law And Identity
… any culture. To this effect, it would be argued that culture affects law and identity, and to ensure that there is fairness and justice in any given society, then the cultural context of the people cannot be ignored. In her book, The Cultural Defense, Alison Dundes Renteln … Alison Dundes Renteln argues that \"Culture shapes individual identity in crucial ways. The failure of the law to recognize this has resulted in justice\" (Renteln 2004, 219). This essay, therefore, is an explanation of this quotation, and the explanation will be done by using the book The … various members of the community. The only sensible question, therefore, is, to what extent does culture share individuals' identity and, by extension, the justice and judicial system? The effect of culture on an individual can be traced back to the time of birth and the initial stages … wellness, but in Latin America,……
References
References
Renteln, A. D. (2004). The cultural defense. Oxford University Press.
Study Document
Plagiarism And Academic Accountability
...Criminal justice Academic Accountability
Define academic voice and plagiarism.
Academic voice is a form of communication that uses a formal tone with clarity, professionalism, and straightforwardness. At its core are declarative statements, avoidance of causal language, and authoritative register (Dirgeyasa & Hum, 2017).
Plagiarism is the representation of another author’s work or ideas as own and without full acknowledgment.
Apply your knowledge of academic voice and plagiarism to the rewritten passage, locating and identifying errors.
“The correlational method can be very useful, but it must be used with caution.” - (this direct quote is done well, but there is no acknowledged through in-text citation, thus plagiarism). If knowledge of one variable (height) helps predict another (weight), does that mean that one causes the other? Not necessarily. It is possible that the primary variable caused the secondary, or that the secondary variable caused the primary, or that some additional variable caused both variables.……
References
References
Dirgeyasa, I. W., & Hum, M. (2017). College Academic Writing a Genre-Based Perspective. Prenada Media.
Feenstra, J. (2013). Introduction to social psychology. [Electronic version].
Sutherland-Smith, W. (2018). Is student plagiarism still a serious problem in universities today? In Student Plagiarism in Higher Education (pp. 47-61). Routledge.
Study Document
Gun Control Act Of 1968
… position that unlimited rights to gun ownership have no basis in as far as the Second Amendment is concerned. In the said ruling, justice Antonin Scalia pointed out that:
Like most rights, the right secured by the Second Amendment is not unlimited… nothing in our opinion should ……
References
References
Ausman, J.I. & Faria, M.A. (2019). Is Gun Control Really About People Control? Surgical Neurology International, 10(6), 195-204.
Bouton, L., Conconi, P., Pino, F. & Zanardi, M. (2014). Guns and Votes. Retrieved from https://www.nber.org/papers/w20253
Cole, G.F., Smith, C.E. & DeJong, C. (2016). Criminal Justice in America (9th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Gramlich, J. & Schaeffer, K. (2019). 7 facts about guns in the U.S. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/10/22/facts-about-guns-in-united-states/
Hayes, V. (2016). Gun Control in the United States. Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs, 4(2), 33-39.
Johnson, N.J., Kopel, D.B. & Mocsary, G.A. (2017). Firearms Law and the Second Amendment: Regulation, Rights, and Policy. New York, NY: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business.
Joslyn, M., Haider-Markel, D., Baggs, M. & Bilbo, A. (2017). Emerging Political Identities? Gun Ownership and Voting in Presidential Elections. Social Science Quarterly, 98(2), 382-396.
Webster, D.W. & Wintemute, G.J. (2015). Effects of Policies Designed to Keep Firearms from High-Risk Individuals. Annual Review of Public Health, 36, 21-37.
Study Document
War On Drugs
Fighting the Drug War
What is the most significant problem facing the criminal justice system today? Why?
The fact that using recreational drugs is illegal in the United States has always been controversial from a civil rights … War,” 2018).
Instead of prosecuting individuals for drug crimes wholesale, a more nuanced attitude to drug crimes must be adopted. First and foremost, criminal of marijuana should be a priority. Many states have already begun the process of legalization, and the fact that an African-American individual is … that an African-American individual is four times as likely than a white individual to be arrested for the same marijuana-related offense highlights the justice that are rife in both the drug war and this specific component of the drug war (Resing, 2018). The drug war heavily penalizes … an illness.
References
Race and the drug war. (2018). Drug Policy Alliance. Retrieved from: https://www.drugpolicy.org/issues/race-and-drug-war
Resing,……
References
References
Race and the drug war. (2018). Drug Policy Alliance. Retrieved from: https://www.drugpolicy.org/issues/race-and-drug-war
Resing, C. (2018). Marijuana legalization is a racial justice issue. ACLU. Retrieved from: https://www.aclu.org/blog/criminal-law-reform/drug-law-reform/marijuana-legalization- racial-justice-issue
Study Document
Racism In The United States
...Criminal justice Even though slavery was abolished with the 13th Amendment, blacks in the South were still subjected to harsh and unfair treatment throughout the latter half of the 19th century and well into the 20th century. In fact, it would be more than a century after the ratification of the 13th Amendment before the Civil Rights Act would be signed into law—and it would take a major protest led by Martin Luther King, Jr. just to achieve that. From the Mississippi Black Code of 1865 to King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail in 1963, one can see the shape of American history with respect to its race relations.
The historical significance of the Mississippi Black Code of 1865 is that it helped to institutionalize the era of Jim Crow—a time when blacks, who were supposed to be treated as free and equal, continued to be oppressed and harassed by unfair social doctrines.……
References
Works Cited
King, Jr., Martin Luther. “Letter from Birmingham Jail.” 1963.
The Mississippi Black Code of 1865.
Study Document
Effects Of Domestic Violence On African American Women
… the male feels he has the license to react violently—a theme found…[break]…end of the Civil Rights Movement, blacks have been persecuted by the criminal justice system. They have been exploited by Big Media and projected in a thuggish manner by the culture industry. This projection has been embraced ……
References
References
Adorno, T., & Horkheimer, M. (2007). The culture industry: Enlightenment as mass deception. Stardom and celebrity: A reader, 34.
Bandura, A. (2018). Toward a psychology of human agency: Pathways and reflections. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(2), 130-136.
Bent-Goodley, T.B. (2001). Eradicating domestic violence in the African American community: A literature review and action agenda. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse: A Review Journal, 2,316-330.
Franklin, D.L. (2000). What\\\\\\'s love got to do with it? Understanding and healing the rift Between Black men and women. New York: Simon and Schuster
NCADV. (2017). Statistics. Retrieved from https://ncadv.org/statistic s" target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
Gun Violence Among African American Community
Gun Violence Effect on African American Community
Introduction
The African American community has faced the brunt of the criminal justice system in the aftermath of gun violence. For starters, the violence takes a toll on these communities. The violence that emanates from the … not limited to the police, are under thorough scrutiny regarding the treatment of people of color. There are calls for reforms in the justice system owing to the disproportionate numbers of people of color in incarceration. Also, the increase in gun violence across the populace and the ……
References
References
Armstrong, M., & Carlson, J. (2019). Speaking of trauma: The race talk, the gun violence talk, and the racialization of gun trauma. Palgrave Communications, 5(112). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0320-z
Maxson, C. L., Hennigan, K, and D. C. Sloane. (2003). For the sake of the neighborhood? Civil gang injunctions as a gang intervention tool in Southern California. In Scott H. Decker, Ed. Policing Gangs and Youth Violence. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning
Morris, S. (2018). Mass shootings in the US: There have been 1,624 in 1,870 days. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/ng-interactive/2017/oct/02/america-mass-shootings-gun-violence
Payne, B. K. (2006). Weapon bias: split-second decisions and unintended stereotyping. Curr Directions Psychological Sci, 15(6), 287–291.
Roman, J. K. (2013).Race, justifiable homicide, and stand your ground laws: Analysis of FBI supplementary homicide report data. Retrieved from http://www.ncjrs.gov/App/publications/abstract.aspx?ID=265405
Schopper, D., Lormand, J. D.,&Waxweiler, R (eds). (2006).Developing policies to prevent injuries and violence: guidelines for policy-makers and planners. Geneva, World Health Organization.
Tate, J., Jenkins, J., Rich, S., Muyskens, J., Elliott, K., Mellnik, T., &Williams, A. (2016).How the Washington Post is examining police shootings in the United States. The Washington Post.
Tita, G. E., Troshynski, E., & Graves, M. (2007). Strategies for reducing gun violence: The role of gangs, drugs, and firearm accessibility. Research Report: National Crime Prevention Centre (NCPC). Retrieved from https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/rdcng-gn-vlnc/rdcng-gn-vlnc-eng.pdf
Study Document
Impact Of Culture On Domestic Violence
… been affected by a number of different issues, such as low socio-economic status, stereotypical media representations that reinforce negative images, and a problematic criminal justice system that appears to target this population unfairly, seeing as how the number of people in prison is disproportionately black (Davis, 2012). Culture … that promotes the degradation of women and the irresponsible and violent behavior of black men. A stereotype of blackness as being akin to criminal has been perpetuated to the extent that even the black community now seems to think this is all it means to be black. ……
References
References
Adorno, T. & Horkheimer, M. (2007). The culture industry: Enlightenment as mass deception. Stardom and celebrity: A reader, 34, 2007.
Bandura, A. (2018). Toward a psychology of human agency: Pathways and reflections. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(2), 130-136. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617699280
Breger, M. L. (2017). Reforming by re-norming: How the legal system has the potential to change a toxic culture of domestic violence. J. Legis., 44, 170.
Cashmore, E. (2006). The Black culture industry. Routledge.
Coleman, L. (1974). Carl Van Vechten Presents the New Negro. Studies in the Literary Imagination, 7(2), 85.
Cramer, E. P., Choi, Y. J., & Ross, A. I. (2017). Race, Culture, and Abuse of Persons with Disabilities. In Religion, Disability, and Interpersonal Violence (pp. 89-110). Champaign, IL: Springer.
Davis, A. (2012). The Meaning of Freedom. San Francisco, CA: City Light Books.
Decker, J. L. (1993). The state of rap: Time and place in hip hop nationalism. Social Text, (34), 53-84.
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