African Culture Essays (Examples)
Study Document
COVID 19 In South Africa Nigeria And Swaziland
… they are conversed across all levels of the firm and in what way people are obeying them. This would ultimately build an organizational culture for coping with social and political issues. The informal institutions are socially shared instructions, typically unwritten, that are formed, transferred and imposed outside … of the firm.
With the help of another research, it was deducted that informal institutions can entail criteria like corruption, political ideology, and culture (Kaufmann, Hooghiemstra & Feeney, 2018). Assumptions have been made that higher levels of corruption are related to tighter bureaucracy. Among the informal institutions, … institution for perception and expectations) that ordinary people and employees should follow them strictly. The personal observance is quite weak in this regard. culture is the set of beliefs and social norms that the person learns at an early age and sticks to them throughout life. The … respective effects on the entrepreneurship……
References
References
Coelho, A. (2019). The role of informal institutions in the enforcement of rules and how to improve corporate and public governance in Brazil: Studies based on a set of corporate governance cases involving state-owned companies (Working Paper). Retrieved from SSRN website https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3434037
Dacin, M.T., Goodstein, J. & Scott, W.R. (2002). Institutional theory and institutional change: Introduction to the special research forum. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), 45- 47. DOI: 10.2307/3069284
Escandon-Barbosa, D.M., Urbano, D., Hurtado-Ayala, A., Paramo, J.S. & Dominguez, A.Z. (2019). Formal institutions, informal institutions, and entrepreneurial activity: A comparative relationship between rural and urban areas in Colombia. Journal of Urban Management, 8(3), 458-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2019.06.002
Estrin, S. & Prevezer, M. (2010). The role of informal institutions in corporate governance: Brazil, Russia, India, and China compared. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 28, 41- 67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-010-9229-1
Kaufmann, W., Hooghiemstra, R. & Feeney, M.K. (2018). Formal institutions, informal institutions, and red tape: A comparative study. Public Administration, 96(2), 386-403. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12397
Meluch, A.L. (2016, August). Understanding the organizational and institutional origins of social support in a cancer support center. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=kent1466944822&disposition=inline
Torniainen, T.J. & Sasstamoinen, O.J. (2007). Formal and informal institutions and their hierarchy in the regulation of the forest lease in Russia. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, 80(5), 489-501. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpm033
Study Document
McCarthyism Fear Of The Red Menace And The Cold War
… War’s Impact on American Life
As John David Skrentny points out, the Cold War helped to remove some of the obstacles that prevented african Americans from obtaining their civil rights in the 20th century. The Communists of the Soviet Union used American racism as a cudgel with … so-called freedom. America was essentially forced to respond by adopting a more liberal stance towards equal rights and to pursue a policy and culture of desegregation.
Middle class white Americans were shaped by the Cold War in other ways: rather than open up for them an avenue … shaped by the Cold War in other ways: rather than open up for them an avenue of social advancement as it did for african Americans, many middle class white Americans became fearful and paranoid about the Red Menace, and they turned to leaders like Senator Joe McCarthy … missiles in Cuba represented “an……
References
References
Kennedy, John F. “Speech, 22 October 1962.” https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfkcubanmissilecrisis.html
Skrentny, John David. "The effect of the Cold War on African-American civil rights: America and the world audience, 1945-1968." Theory and Society 27.2 (1998): 237-285.
Study Document
Criminology Theory
Criminology Theory
Answer A:
The documentary showed how the criminal justice system is biased towards the whites while having a huge number of african-American imprisoned. This documentary revolves around the racial injustice that happens within the criminal justice system, incarcerating many african-Americans on petty crimes, filling most of the prisons with them. This is shown as just an extension of slavery, which was abolished in … crimes. The perspective that Blacks are criminals was ingrained within the society through movies, which gave birth to public lynching and hanging of african-Americans based on the idea of them being criminals. From the start, this was just about enslaving the blacks through exploiting the amendment and … From the start, this was just about enslaving the blacks through exploiting the amendment and portraying them as animals.
Answer B:
The new culture of control has one of the indices; ‘The decline of the rehabilitative……
Study Document
The American Friends And The Peace Movement
… 2016). The AFSC essentially helped to support and come to the aid of the victims of war, whether they were Jewish, Russian, European, african, etc. (Frost, 1992). This paper will discuss the background of the organization, why the Nobel Committee awarded them the Peace Prize and what … 1992). In short, the AFSC was culturally competent and understood how to promote the idea of peace at a time when the American culture was still operating under a war mentality.
Thus what distinguishes this group as a peacemaker is its constancy in terms of commitment to … the AFSC are mainly a testament to the organization’s commitment to helping the oppressed and the victims of war, whether they are Jew, african, American, Slav or other. The organization has moved on, however, from being a specifically Quaker organization, though it does still profess Quaker values. ……
References
References
Franklin, S. (2020). American Friends Service Committee. Retrieved from https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/1167/american-friends-service-committee " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
Female Hip Hop Artists Impact
… female in America. Scores of female hip hop artists, MCs, rappers, and producers have made their mark on the industry, transforming hip hop culture, ethics, aesthetics, and the business itself.
One of the main contributions women have made to the genre is by transforming the public perception … videos, their being center stage conveys a sort of irony that needs to be considered as deliberate and subversive; a means by which african American women can “search for self-identity and self-control,” (White 607). The presence of women in hip hop historically paved the way for other ……
References
Works Cited
Bruce, La Mar Jurelle. “’The People Inside My Head, Too’: Madness, Black Womanhood, and the Radical Performance of Lauryn Hill.” African American Review, Vol. 45, No. 3 (2012): 371-389.
Jamerson, J’na. ““Best-of” lists and conversations often exclude women. Why?” BBC. 8 Oct, 2019. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20191007-why-are-there-so-few-women-in-best-of-hip-hop-polls
Morris, Tyana. “The Evolution of Women in Hip Hop.” The Pine Needle. 31 Jan, 2018. Retreived from https://www.pineneedlenews.com/single-post/2018/01/31/The-Evolution-of-Women-in-Hip-Hop
Orcutt, KC. “Each One, Teach One | What generations of women in hip hop teach us about perseverance.” Revolt. Oct 16, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.revolt.tv/2019/10/16/20917629/women-in-hip-hop-lessons
Oware, Matthew. “A ‘Man’s Woman’?” Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 39, No. 5 (2007): 786-802.
Tillet, S. (2014). Strange Sampling: Nina Simone and Her Hip-Hop Children. American Quarterly, 66(1), 119–137. doi:10.1353/aq.2014.0006
UDiscover (2019). Let’s talk about the female MCs who shaped hip-hop. Dec 9, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/the-female-rappers-who-shaped-hip-hop/
White, Theresa R. “Missy “Misdemeanor” Elliott and Nicki Minaj.” Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 44, No. 6, (2013): 607–626. doi:10.1177/0021934713497365
Study Document
Israel And United States
...African culture Introduction: the Policy Problem under Consideration
When it comes to foreign policy, there are many different issues in foreign policy that the government needs to address—from tensions regarding missile treaties with Russia to wars in the Middle East to money given to the state of Israel, which has been recognized by the United Nations as a violator of human rights for its treatment of Palestinians in the Gaza Strip and on the West Bank (Human Rights Watch, 2018). Of these, America’s special relationship with Israel is perhaps the most unsettling. Israel receives more than $3 billion in foreign aid from the U.S. every year, which is one-fifth of the entire foreign aid budget of the U.S., and the U.S. is further committed to giving $38 billion in military financial aid over the next several years (Sharp, 2018). Essentially, the U.S. is helping to fund a human rights violator by continuing……
References
References
Facione, P. (2006). Critical thinking: what it is and why it counts. Insight Assessments.
Hooks, B. (1999). Black looks: Race and representation. South End Press.
Human Rights Watch. (2018). Israel and Palestine. Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2019/country-chapters/israel/palestine
Johnson, S. A. (2011). Women, Shared Leadership, and Policy: The Mano River Women's Peace Network Case Study. Journal of Pan African Studies, 4(8).
Mearsheimer, J. J., & Walt, S. M. (2007). The Israel lobby and US foreign policy. Macmillan.
Richards, R. (2010). Everyday creativity. The Cambridge handbook of creativity, 189-215.
Sharp, J. (2018). U.S. Foreign Aid to Israel. Retrieved from https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33222.pdf
Verhaeghe, P. (2014). Neoliberalism has brought out the worst in us. The Guardian. Annotated Bibliography
Study Document
Death Of Kobe Bryant
… life of his daughter, Gianna Bryant. While he was mourned by people from all walks of life, his death seemed to hit the african American community the hardest, as he had long been considered a role model for african American men, especially in terms of fatherhood. However, while many people mourned his death, others found it disturbing that posthumous coverage of his ……
References
Badenhausen, Kurt. “Kobe Bryant’s $600 Million Fortune: How He Won On- And Off-The Court.” Forbes. 28 January 2020. https://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2020/01/28/kobes-600-million-fortune-how-he-scored-onand-offthe-court/#75edd8766d36 . Accessed 15 March 2020.
Biography.com Editors. “Kobe Bryant Biography.” A&E Television Networks. 25 February 2020. https://www.biography.com/athlete/kobe-bryant . Accessed 15 March 2020.
CBS News. “Kobe Loses McDonald’s Deal.” CBS News. 23 January 2004. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kobe-loses-mcdonalds-deal/ . Accessed 15 March 2020.
Sanchez, Ray. “Kobe Bryant Was a Living Legend. In His Final Hours, He Was an Ordinary Dad and Friend.” CNN. 3 February 2020. https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/02/us/kobe-bryant-final-hours/index.html. Accessed 15 March 2020.
Wikipedia. “Kobe Bryant.” Wikipedia. 8 March 2020. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobe_Bryant . Accessed 15 March 2020.
Study Document
Quality Of The Cross Cultural Experience
Post-Experience
culture shapes people’s identities and influences their behavior. It is a people’s way of living, and refers to their shared beliefs, language, norms, values, … language, norms, values, materials objects passed down generations, and behaviors. The U.S is made up of people from different backgrounds such as the african Americans who make up 13% of the population, Whites 80%, Hispanic or Latinos 16%, Asians 5%, Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders 0.2%, and American Indians … With globalization, organizations and countries experience cultural diversity. Workplaces, countries, and schools increasingly consist of people with different backgrounds in terms of races, culture and ethnic groups. Cultural differences impact teamwork in organizations, management decisions, and performance differences (Bass, 2008).
culture also impacts the organizational structures of companies, legitimizing both its functions and existence. It also impacts and conditions organizational commitments. People from different … also impacts the organizational structures of companies, legitimizing both its functions……
References
References
Bass, B. M. (2008). The Bass handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications (4th ed.). New York: Free Press.
Cacioppe, R. (1997). Leadership moment by moment! Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 18, 335-345.
Cep, B. (2011). Samoan Umu. Retrieved from https://www.bard.edu/cep/blog/?p=532
Quinn, R. E. (2000). Change the world: How ordinary people can achieve extraordinary results. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
The Budding Anthropologist. (2016). Samoan Umu. Retrieved from https://thebuddinganthropologist.wordpress. com/food/samoan-umu/
U.S. Census Bureau, USA QuickFacts, accessed December 2019.
Study Document
Peace Efforts Of The American Friends Committee War Relief USA
… 2016). The AFSC essentially helped to support and come to the aid of the victims of war, whether they were Jewish, Russian, European, african, etc. (Frost, 1992). This paper will discuss the background of the organization and show that the Nobel Committee awarded them the Peace Prize … (Mechling & Mechling, 1992). The AFSC was culturally competent and understood how to promote the idea of peace at a time when American culture was being inundated with a war mentality.
Thus what distinguishes this group as a peacemaker is its constancy and consistency in terms of … the AFSC are mainly a testament to the organization’s commitment to helping the oppressed and the victims of war, whether they are Jew, african, American, Slav or other. The organization has moved on, however, from being a specifically Quaker organization, though it does still profess Quaker values. ……
References
References.
Franklin, S. (2020). American Friends Service Committee. Retrieved from https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/1167/american-friends-service-committee " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
Comparing Haiti Jamaica And Puerto Rico
… history of tumultuous colonial rule. Yet different Old World colonial governments had presided over each of these countries, leading to completely different languages, culture, customs, and institutions. The French left the most lingering legacy on Haiti, and Haitian slaves ended up leading the world’s first successful large-scale … main themes: slavery, family, and the peasantry. Slavery, family, and the peasantry are themselves interrelated concepts that contributed to the evolution of disparate culture on these three Caribbean islands. Based on anthropological evidence, the central thesis of this paper is that in spite of their abundant historical … oppress or to liberate the peasantry, and is a potent form of cultural identity construction. For example, voodoo in Haiti is central to culture, custom, and identity. The peasnatry adapted the religion of the oppressor to serve their own needs, and to resist their african traditions from being subsumed by Catholicism (Laguerre 36).……
References
Works Cited
Dubois, Laurent. “Fire in the Cane,” in Avengers of the New World, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2007.
Geggus, David. “The Caribbean in the Age of Revolution.”
Godreau, Isar P., Cruz, Mariolga Reyes, Ortiz, Mariluz, et al. “The Lessons of Slavery: Discourses of Slavery, Mestizaje, and Blanqueamiento in an Elementary School in Puerto Rico.” American Ethnologist, Vol. 35, No. 1, 2008, pp. 115-135.
Laguerre, Michael. “The Place of Voodoo in the Social Structure of Haiti.” Caribbean Quarterly, Vol. 19, No. 3, 1973, pp. 36-50.
Mintz, Sidney Three Ancient Colonies: Caribbean Themes and Variations, Harvard University Press, 2012.
Safa, Helen. “The Matrifocal Family and Patriarchal Ideology in Cuba and the Caribbean,” Journal of Latin American Anthropology, Vol. 10, No.2, 2005.
Stinchcombe, Arthur. “Planter power, Freedom, and Oppression of Slaves in 18th century Caribbean”, from Sugar Island Slavery in the Age of Enlightenment, Princeton University Press, pp. 125-158.
Stinchcombe, Arthur. “Race as a Social Boundary: Free Colored versus Slaves and Blacks,” from Sugar Island Slavery in the Age of Enlightenment, Princeton University Press, pp. 159-172.
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