Subculture Essays (Examples)
Study Document
COVID 19 In South Africa Nigeria And Swaziland
...Subculture Literature Review on Coping Through The Use Of Informal Institutions during COVID 19 in South Africa, Nigeria, and Swaziland
The institutional theory deals with the outlines, regulations, standards, and procedures that are formulated in the institutions as commanding instructions for social behavior. This theory gives an understanding of how institutions are shaped, and the societal norms and frameworks are informed to all people of an organization. Communication is the sole indicator of how organizations are formulated with the help of formal rules and regulations, as that would reflect how they are conversed across all levels of the firm and in what way people are obeying them. This would ultimately build an organizational culture for coping with social and political issues. The informal institutions are socially shared instructions, typically unwritten, that are formed, transferred and imposed outside the official boundaries (Torniainen & Sasstamoinen, 2007), for example, giving tips to the food……
References
References
Coelho, A. (2019). The role of informal institutions in the enforcement of rules and how to improve corporate and public governance in Brazil: Studies based on a set of corporate governance cases involving state-owned companies (Working Paper). Retrieved from SSRN website https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3434037
Dacin, M.T., Goodstein, J. & Scott, W.R. (2002). Institutional theory and institutional change: Introduction to the special research forum. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), 45- 47. DOI: 10.2307/3069284
Escandon-Barbosa, D.M., Urbano, D., Hurtado-Ayala, A., Paramo, J.S. & Dominguez, A.Z. (2019). Formal institutions, informal institutions, and entrepreneurial activity: A comparative relationship between rural and urban areas in Colombia. Journal of Urban Management, 8(3), 458-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2019.06.002
Estrin, S. & Prevezer, M. (2010). The role of informal institutions in corporate governance: Brazil, Russia, India, and China compared. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 28, 41- 67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-010-9229-1
Kaufmann, W., Hooghiemstra, R. & Feeney, M.K. (2018). Formal institutions, informal institutions, and red tape: A comparative study. Public Administration, 96(2), 386-403. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12397
Meluch, A.L. (2016, August). Understanding the organizational and institutional origins of social support in a cancer support center. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=kent1466944822&disposition=inline
Torniainen, T.J. & Sasstamoinen, O.J. (2007). Formal and informal institutions and their hierarchy in the regulation of the forest lease in Russia. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, 80(5), 489-501. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpm033
Study Document
Artificial Intelligence In Public Administration
...Subculture New Technology That Can Improve the Veteran Benefits Administration Performance And Improve Efficiency
Introduction
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in public administration is a concept that is growing around the world. As Dhasarathy, Jain and Khan (2019) show, AI can help governments to solve complex public-sector issues in more effective and efficient ways. This paper will describe AI technology, the goals of its usage, challenges faced with its implementation, how it impacts the organizational culture, and the pros and cons of adopting AI methods in public administration.
Summary of the Technology
AI is a technology that essentially allows the machine to learn how to address new problems based on the information collected and analyzed by algorithms over time. AI can be used to help public administrators make decisions and improve their performance. Some examples of the ways in which AI can be used include sorting through infrastructure data to……
References
References
Dhasarathy, A., Jain, S. & Khan, N. (2019). When governments turn to AI: Algorithms, trade-offs, and trust. Public Sector Practice, January.
Study Document
Sexual Morality
...Subculture Same Sex Marriage and Ethics
Sexual Morality
Matters of sex may appear innate, but it has been demonstrated over time that sex has evolved over the ages, just like other aspects of life. Studies show that orientations, sexual identities, and the knowledge of physiology have been shaped by historical forces. As opposed to being intrinsic, human sexuality is influenced by a range of factors, including the food one eats, social class, family systems, and psychological theories. As opposed to being segregated and split into small privacies of people's lives, sexuality has also influenced people's lives in turn. Indeed, it has had a strong influence on governance systems to worship styles. When mass society developed in the course of the war, it gave rise to liberal sexual culture. Democracy took root after the war and made governments more accountable to the people they controlled on social and political matters. Consequently, changes……
References
References
Akpan, C. O. (2017). The Morality of Same-Sex Marriage: How Not to Globalize a Cultural Anomie. Online Journal of Health Ethics, 13(1), 2.
Ellison, M. (2012). Is Same-Sex Marriage a \\\\\\"Must\\\\\\" or a \\\\\\"Bust\\\\\\"? In Making Love Just: Sexual Ethics for Perplexing Times (pp. 59-76). Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress. DOI:10.2307/j.ctt22nm74r.8
Koppelman, A. (2014). Judging the case against same-sex marriage. U. Ill. L. Rev., 431.
Millstein, S. (2014). How to argue for gay marriage and win any debate with a hater. Retrieved from https://www.bustle.com/articles/15957-how-to-argue-for-gay-marriage-and-win-any-debate-with-a-hater
Morini, M. (2017). Same-sex marriage and other moral taboos: cultural acceptances, change in American public opinion, and the evidence from the opinion polls. European Journal of American studies, 11(11-3).
Primoratz, I. (2013). Sexual Morality. In International Encyclopedia of Ethics, H. Lafollette (Ed.). DOI:10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee127
Rachels, J., &Rachels, S. (2012). The Elements of Moral Philosophy. (7th ed). New York: McGraw Hill Press.
Study Document
Field Of Organizational Leadership
...Subculture Organizational Leadership in Today's Society
Organizational leadership is a term used to refer to management approach through which leaders help establish strategic goals and objectives while motivating employees toward the achievement of these goals/objectives. In the modern business environment, organizational leadership is critical toward achieving the desired success given increased competitiveness. Modern organizations face intense competition from their rivals because of rapid technological advancements and increased globalization. These advancements have brought new ways of doing business, which has in turn generated new demands on organizational leaders. Therefore, organizational leaders need to establish strategic approaches that enhance competitiveness, success or profitability.
The Concept of Leadership
Based on insight obtained from the course, leadership primarily refers to the process of influencing others toward common goals or objective. Leadership determines the success or failure of any organization or project because of its role in influence (Wadhwa & Parimoo, 2013). Therefore, leadership is important……
References
References
Chirimbu, S. (2014). Challenges of Leadership in Modern Organizations: Knowledge, Vision, Values. Annals of Spiru Haret University Economic Series, 14, 39-48.
Emory University. (2020). About Us. Retrieved from Emory University website: http://www.emory.edu/home/about/index.html
Environmental Health and Safety Office. (2019). Organizational Chart. Retrieved from Emory University website: http://www.ehso.emory.edu/about/org-chart.html
Finley, M. (2016). Chaplain’s Leadership May Come in Unconventional Forms. Retrieved April 21, 2020, from https://www.nacc.org/vision/2016-jul-aug/chaplains-leadership-may-come-in-unconventional-forms/
Rennaker, M. (n.d.). PhD in Organizational Leadership. Retrieved from Indiana Wesleyan University website: https://www.indwes.edu/adult-graduate/programs/phd-organizational-leadership/
Wadhwa, S. & Parimoo, D. (2013). Leadership and its Challenges in the Globalizing World. Journal of Management Sciences and Technology, 1(1), 30-37.
Study Document
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Interrelationships Between Organizational
...Subculture 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of Interrelationships between Organizational Functions and Impact on Organisational Structure
Organizational Functions
The functions of an organization take into account the different aspects undertaken by the business including production or manufacturing, marketing, sales, accounting as well as research and development. In accordance to Sherman and Thompson (2019), the organizational structure delineates the relationship and interrelations between the functions of a business and ascertains the manner in which the chain of command operates through the various levels. The interrelationship between organizational functions and organizational structure is akin to a flow chart. This is in the sense that an entity can set up its business structure around the organizational functions. However, even if the entity fails to do so, the organizational functions and structure will have an impact on one another (Sherman and Thompson, 2019).
Functional Organizational Structure
A functional organizational structure creates distinct and separate departments. Plenty……
References
References
Air India. (2019). Board of Directors. Retrieved from: http://www.airindia.in/board-of-directors.htm
Aquinas, P. G. (2008). Organization structure and design. India: Excel Books India.
Burns, T., & Stalker, G. M. (2005). Mechanistic and organic systems. Organizational Behavior, 2, 214-25.
Choo, S., & Bowley, C. (2007). Emerald Article: Using training and development to affect job satisfaction. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 14(2),339 - 352.
Cichocki, P., & Irwin, C. (2014). Organization design: A guide to building effective organizations. Kogan Page Publishers.
Civil Aviation. (2019). About Us: Organizational Setup. Retrieved from: http://www.civilaviation.gov.in/en/aboutus/orgsetup
Cunliffe, A. L. (2008). Organization theory. New York: Sage.
Cunliffe, A. L., & Luhman, J. T. (2012). Key concepts in organization theory. New York: Sage.
Study Document
Effect Of Digital Marketing On Competitiveness Of Automobile Companies
...Subculture Introduction
In the research article “Effect of Digital Marketing on Competitiveness of Automobile Companies in Kenya” by Eva Nkatha Kigunda, the objective was to assess how digital marketing strategies affected the competitiveness of automobile companies in Kenya. The digital marketing strategies included in the study are search engine marketing (SEM), email marketing, social media marketing (SMM), and online advertising. The study population was staff working in the marketing departments of major motor vehicle dealers in Kenya, and a sample of 101 (30% of the population) was included in the study (Kigunda 2017). Data was collected through semi-structured questionnaires and inferential and descriptive statistics used for data analysis. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. The study findings are that while automobile dealers in Kenya have significantly invested in digital marketing, there return on investment (ROI) is still insignificant. Digital marketing strategies are mainly used in maintaining the current customer……
References
References
Evans, M.P., 2007. Analysing Google rankings through search engine optimization data. Internet research, 17(1), pp.21-37.
Galvan, J.L. and Galvan, M.C., 2017. Writing literature reviews: A guide for students of the social and behavioral sciences. Routledge.
Kaplan, A.M. and Haenlein, M., 2010. Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business horizons, 53(1), pp.59-68.
Kigunda, E. N. 2017. Effect of Digital Marketing on Competitiveness of Automobile Companies in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, United States International University-Africa).
Kimani, B., 2012. When social media does the marketing. Management magazine, (36-37).
Machi, L.A. and McEvoy, B.T., 2016. The literature review: Six steps to success. Corwin Press.
Ngulube, P., Mathipa, E.R. and Gumbo, M.T., 2015. Theoretical and conceptual frameworks in the social and management sciences. Addressing research challenges: Making headway in developing researchers, pp.43-66.
Wong, L.L.C., 2016. Challenges and expectations: Preparing postgraduate students to write literature reviews. In International Conference of the Spanish Association of Applied Linguistics (AESLA), 2016. University of Alicante.
Study Document
Traditional Medicine Usage In African Nations
...Subculture Overview of Africa’s Post-Conflict History
Historical Formal Institutions
Colonial legacies persist in Africa in spite of a post-colonial era (Austin, 2010). These legacies have continued in post-conflict Africa’s history. In Africa, there has been no real unifying factor bringing individuals together, primarily because of the communal aspect of society throughout the continent. Community exists and can be found everywhere in Africa. Structural, dramaturgic and institutional factors in formal institutionalization in Africa of health care has come about as a result of investment, development, and political stability (Ratcliffe, 2013). The relationship among cultural traditions, laws of society, and the symbolic boundaries have served to create the structural meanings behind formal institutions; the expressive dimension, communicative properties and interaction of these elements have made up the dramaturgic, and the actors and organizations themselves have manifested the institutional. An example of this can be seen in Nigeria.
Structurally, dramaturgically and institutionally, Africa has……
References
References
Afro-centric Alliance, A. (2001). Indigenisingorganizational change: Localisation in Tanzania and Malawi. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 16(1), 59-78.
Asiseh, F., Owusu, A., & Quaicoe, O. (2017). An analysis of family dynamics on high school adolescent risky behaviors in Ghana. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 26(5), 425-431.
Austin, G. (2010). African economic development and colonial legacies (Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 11-32). Institut de hautes études internationales et du développement.
Brager, G., Specht, H., Torczyner, J. L., &Torczyner, J. (1987). Community organizing. Columbia University Press.
Bratton, M., & Van de Walle, N. (1997). Democratic experiments in Africa: Regime transitions in comparative perspective. Cambridge university press.
Burnham, G. M., Pariyo, G., Galiwango, E., & Wabwire-Mangen, F. (2004). Discontinuation of cost sharing in Uganda. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 82, 187-195.
Dillard, C., Duncan, K. L., & Johnson, L. (2017). Black History Full Circle: Lessons from a Ghana Study Abroad in Education Program. Social Education, 81(1), 50-53.
Ehui, S. (2020). Protecting food security in Africa. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2020/05/14/protecting-food-security-in-africa-during-covid-19/
Study Document
Including Deaf And Hard Of Hearing Students In The General Education
...Subculture Abstract
This paper provides an extensive review of literature on deaf students and deafness. The purpose of the literature review is to obtain an understanding of what deafness is, what causes deafness, how it occurs, and what deaf culture is like for deaf people. The review identifies schools and programs that are used to help the deaf community and it also examines the outcomes of deaf students in general education. It discusses whether deaf students are better served in an inclusive environment or whether they are better served in a deaf community based learning environment. It examines the characteristics of hearing loss and how there are different tools and ways to treat hearing loss when it occurs in cases where reversing the hearing loss is possible. In some cases, reversal is not possible but surgical solutions may exist.
Introduction
One of the more remarkable qualities of deaf culture is that……
References
References
Arizona Office for Americans with Disabilities. (2007). Retrieved from https://know-the-ada.com/t4/history-deafness.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hearingloss/language.html
Curhan, G., & Curhan, S. (2016). Epidemiology of hearing impairment. In Hearing Aids (pp. 21-58). Springer, Cham.
Gallaudet University. (2019). Retrieved from https://www3.gallaudet.edu/clerc-center/info-to-go/national-resources-and-directories/schools-and-programs.html
Hill, M. (2019). Embryology Sensory - Hearing Abnormalities. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Sensory_-_Hearing_Abnormalities
Hyde, M., Nikolaraizi, M., Powell, D., & Stinson, M. (2016). Critical factors toward the Inclusion of deaf and hard-of-hearing students in higher education. Diversity in deaf education, 441-472.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. (2006). Retrieved from https://sites.ed.gov/idea/
Padden, C. A. & Humphries, T. (2005). Inside Deaf Culture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Study Document
Culturally Competent Patient Care Advanced Practice Nursing
...Subculture Culture in Advanced Nursing Practice
Abstract
Culturally competent nurses can assess the psychological, spiritual, physiological, social, environmental, and epidemiological data on a particular cultural group to provide culturally sensitive and patient-centered care. Since Madeleine Leininger first proposed that cultural competency was essential to nursing, various means of incorporating cultural learning and assessment have been incorporated into advanced nursing practice. Culture includes but is not limited to ethnic, linguistic, religious, and national heritage, and can also include subcultural domains, age, socioeconomic status, and political affiliations. Advanced practice nurses have a moral and legal obligation to provide culturally competent care, outlined in Standard 8 of the American Nurses Association (ANA) Standards of Practice. Cultural assessment strategies enable the advanced practice nurse to understand the complex intersections between health status, cultural needs, disease prevalence, spirituality, agency, and more.
Culturally Competent Advanced Nursing Practice
Since Madeleine Leininger first proposed that cultural competency was essential to……
References
References
Coats, H., Crist, J. D., Berger, A., Sternberg, E., & Rosenfeld, A. G. (2016). African American Elders’ Serious Illness Experiences. Qualitative Health Research, 27(5), 634–648. doi:10.1177/1049732315620153
“Cultural Awareness and Influences on Health: NCLEX-RN,” (2020). Registered Nursing. Retrieved from: https://www.registerednursing.org/nclex/cultural-awareness-influences-health/
Marion, L., Douglas, M., Lavin, M., Barr, N., Gazaway, S., Thomas, L., Bickford, C., (November 18, 2016) \\\\\\\\\\\\"Implementing the New ANA Standard 8: Culturally Congruent Practice\\\\\\\\\\\\" OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing Vol. 22 No. 1.
Smith, L.S. (2018). A nurse educator\\\\\\\\\\\\'s guide to cultural competence. Nursing Made Incredibly Easy 16(2): 19-23.
Spector, R.E. (2016). Cultural diversity in health and illness. 9th Edition
Wagner, J. (2019). Cultural competency. Medicine Libre Texts. Retrieved from: https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Book%3A_Leadership_and_Influencing_Change_in_Nursing_(Wagner)/03%3A_Diversity_in_Health_Care_Organizations/3.04%3A_Cultural_Competency
Williams, M.T., Duque, G., Wetterneck, C.T., et al. (2018). Ethnic identity and regional differences in mental health in a national sample of African American young adults. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 5(2018): 312-321.
Young, S., & Guo, K. L. (2016). Cultural diversity training: the necessity of cultural competence for health care providers and in nursing practice. The health care manager, 35(2), 94-102.
Study Document
Drug Abuse
...Subculture Impact of Drug Abuse on School Children Aged 10 To 18 in Developed Countries (U.S., Canada, France, England, Germany, Italy, Russia, Australia, Japan and China): Narrative Literature Review
Introduction
The problem addressed in this literature review is that in developed countries around the world, drug abuse among school children between the ages of 10 and 18 is on the rise (UN, 2018). School children are particularly vulnerable because their bodies and minds are still developing and when drugs are introduced to their systems, the impact can be devastating to them personally in physical and mental health terms (Stockings et al., 2016). Yet all around the developed world this is happening. Children are being brought into and exposed to drug culture because drug use, particularly marijuana use is on the rise through vaping, which was meant as a tool to wean tobacco smokers off cigarettes. Instead it is allowing young and……
References
References
Baggio, S., Spilka, S., Studer, J., Iglesias, K., & Gmel, G. (2016). Trajectories of drug use among French young people: Prototypical stages of involvement in illicit drug use. Journal of Substance Use, 21(5), 485-490.
Bonyani, A., Safaeian, L., Chehrazi, M., Etedali, A., Zaghian, M., & Mashhadian, F. (2018). A high school-based education concerning drug abuse prevention. Journal of education and health promotion, 7.
Chu, Y. W. L. (2015). Do medical marijuana laws increase hard-drug use?. The Journal of Law and Economics, 58(2), 481-517.
Downes, D. (2017). The drug addict as a folk devil. In Drugs and politics (pp. 89-97). Routledge.
Goodchild, M., Nargis, N., & d\\'Espaignet, E. T. (2018). Global economic cost of smoking-attributable diseases. Tobacco control, 27(1), 58-64.
Grant, C. N., & Bélanger, R. E. (2017). Cannabis and Canada’s children and youth. Paediatrics & child health, 22(2), 98-102.
Herbert, A., Gonzalez-Izquierdo, A., McGhee, J., Li, L., & Gilbert, R. (2016). Time-trends in rates of hospital admission of adolescents for violent, self-inflicted or drug/alcohol-related injury in England and Scotland, 2005–11: population-based analysis. Journal of Public Health, 39(1), 65-73.
Henkel, D., & Zemlin, U. (2016). Social inequality and substance use and problematic gambling among adolescents and young adults: a review of epidemiological surveys in Germany. Current drug abuse reviews, 9(1), 26-48.
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