Research Ethics Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Right Of Informed Refusal For Minors
… to examine the arguments in support of and against allow minors to make end-of-life decisions for themselves, followed by a summary of the research and important findings concerning this issue in the conclusion.
Review and Analysis
On the one hand, there are increasing calls to allow young … in that developmental maturation allows, over time, for increasing inclusion of the child’s and adolescent’s opinion in medical decision-making in clinical practice and research” (2016, p. 30). This observation suggests that the ability of minors to participate in their health care decisions exists along a continuum ranging … status, though, essentially ends when it comes to providing minors with the same right to informed consent and informed refusal as adults. The research was consistent in showing that this view is gradually changing, due in large part……
References
References
Black’s law dictionary. (1990). St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Company.
Bryden, J. (2016, February 25). Medical help in dying should be widely available, with few restrictions: Report. The Canadian Press, 6.
Hursthouse, R. & Pettigrove, G. (2018, Winter). Virtue ethics. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2018/entries/ethics-virtue .
Katz, A. L. & Webb, S. A. (2016, August). Informed consent in decision-making in pediatric practice. Pediatrics, 138(2), 30-37.
Lemmens, C. (2009, September). End- of- life decisions and minors: do minors have the right to refuse life preserving medical treatment? A comparative study. Medical Law Review, 28(3), 479-497.
Physician-assisted suicide. (2019). CNN. Retrieved from https://www.cnn.com/2014/11/26/us/ physician-assisted-suicide-fast-facts/index.html.
Salsberry, P. J. (1999, January 1). Caring, virtue theory, and a foundation for nursing ethics. Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice, 6(2), 155-160.
Williams, Z. (2012, October 25). Early puberty: why are kids growing up faster? The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2012/oct/25/early-puberty-growing-up-faster .
Study Document
Theism And The Moral Argument
...Research ethics Introduction
The moral argument consists of four components—moral facts, moral knowledge, moral transformation and moral rationality. As Baggett and Walls point out, the most pertinent moral facts are concerned with moral duties and values, particularly what is known as intrinsic human value.[footnoteRef:2] The question raised, of course, is where does intrinsic human value come from if not from God? Nature itself seems incapable of instilling in the human shell this universal sense of value. This is a particular fact that has to be dealt with in order to understand why the moral argument is necessarily a theistic argument, which is what this paper will argue. Moral knowledge, transformation and rationality all support the argument as well. Moral knowledge itself is a sense of the universality of morality—the the absolute validity of the platitudes of Practical Reason, as Baggett and Walls define it.[footnoteRef:3] Moral transformation refers to what Evans identifies as……
References
Bibliography
Baggett, David and Jerry Walls. God and Cosmos. Oxford University Press, 2016.
Baggett, David and Jerry Walls. Good God: The Theistic Foundations of Morality. Oxford University Press, 2011.
Evans, Stephen. God and Moral Obligation. Oxford University Press, 2013.
Study Document
The Karen Ann Quinlan Case Legal Aspects Of Healthcare
… decision maker. This could be the case pending the appointment of a guardian. As a matter of fact, the AMA Code of Medical ethics points out that in situations that involve patients with no surrogate and are incapable of making decisions, the ethics committee ought to be consulted by physicians on key decisions (Singer, 2013). In the case of Quinlan, it was possible for the court ……
References
References
Drane, J.F. (1994). Clinical Bioethics: Theory and Practice in Medical Ethical Decision-making. New York, NY: Rowman & Littlefield.
Holland, S., Kitzinger, C. & Kitzinger, J. (2014). Death, treatment decisions and the permanent vegetative state: evidence from families and experts. Med Health Care Philos., 17(3), 413-423.
Karen Ann Quinlan Hospice (2019). The Story of Karen Ann Quinlan Made Headlines! Retrieved from https://www.karenannquinlanhospice.org/about/history/
Mizzoni, J. (2011). Ethics: The Basics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Rosenthal, M.S. (2018). Clinical Ethics on Film: A Guide for Medical Educators. New York, NY: Springer.
Singer, P. (2013). A Companion to Ethics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Study Document
Legal And Ethical Issues In Healthcare
Legal and Ethical Issues in Healthcare
Healthcare ethics have to do with the wide range of moral decisions that have to be made in medical practice. These are the other considerations … from developments in genetic knowledge and reproductive health (Taylor, 2015).
The relationship between the patient and the healthcare expert, the human subject behavioral research, harvesting and transplanting of human organs, abortion, euthanasia, and allocation of healthcare resources and services are other areas that present moral dilemmas. In … act on required ethical expectations, or some other influences beyond the control of such a nurse(Webster et al., 2000).
Situations of uncertainty about ethics emerge when a healthcare expert is not sure of the ethical requirements or which ones to apply in a given situation. It has … Ethical Dilemmas
Making decisions based on ethical considerations can be learned. Such learning can be drawn from the understanding of the principles……
References
References
Chen, Y. Y., Chu, T. S., Kao, Y. H., Tsai, P. R., Huang, T. S., &Ko, W. J. (2014). To evaluate the effectiveness of health care ethics consultation based on the goals of health care ethics consultation: a prospective cohort study with randomization. BMC medical ethics, 15(1), 1.
Morrison, E. E. (2011). Ethics in health administration: a practical approach for decision-makers. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
Nora, C. R. D., Deodato, S., Vieira, M. M. D. S., &Zoboli, E. L. C. P. (2016). Elements and strategies for ethical decision-making in nursing. Texto&Contexto-Enfermagem, 25(2).
Reddy, M. S., &Mythri, S. V. (2016). Health-care Ethics and the Free Market Value System. Indian journal of psychological medicine, 38(5), 371–375. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.191387
Taylor, S. C. (2015). Health Care Ethics. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from https://www.iep.utm.edu/h-c-ethi/#H2
Yip, C., Han, N. R., &Sng, B. L. (2016). Legal and ethical issues in research. Indian Journal of anesthesia, 60(9), 684–688. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5049.190627
Webster, G., Bayliss, F., Rubin, S., &Zoloth, L. (2000). Moral Residue. Margin of Error: The Ethics of Mistakes in the Practice of Medicine. Hagerstown, MD: University Publishing Group.
Study Document
The Moral And Ethical Implications Emerging Due To Globalization
...Research ethics Globalization and Its Ethical Implications
The dynamic force of globalization, a phenomenon of interconnectedness and integration of economies around the world, has resulted not only to increasing opportunities for trade diversification but presents inherent risk such as global financial instability, increased inequalities, terrorism. In an increasingly interdependent world, increasing world population, scientific and technology innovation advancement, global human development issues, global governance, peace and security, global environment and natural resources are emerging global issues of interest to both national and international governments and critical for maintaining global stability (Bhargava, 2007).
Forces of globalization have contributed to multilateral trade liberalization, which has an economic value such as increasing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), greater economies of scale and scope and knowledge, and technology spillovers (Bhargava, 2007). It's enabled the development of competitive and comparative advantage in manufacturing by developing countries. The expansion of economic activities across the globe has put pressure on……
References
References
Ahmad, A. (2013) \\\\\\'A Global Ethics for a Globalized World,\\\\\\' Policy Perspectives, 10(1), pp. 63–77. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/42909298.
Bereiter, C. and Scardamalia, M. (2020) \\\\\\'What will it mean to be\\\\\\" educated\\\\\\" in 2020\\\\\\', The Gordon Commission on the Future of Assessment in Education.
Buller, P. F., Kohls, J. J. and Anderson, K. S. (1991) \\\\\\'The challenge of global ethics,\\\\\\' Journal of Business Ethics, 10(10), pp. 767–775. DOI: 10.1007/BF00705711.
Gampel, E. H. (2010) \\\\\\'A framework for reasoning about ethical issues\\\\\\', pp. 1–18. Available at: http://www.academia.edu/4323854/A_Framework_for_Reasoning_about_Ethical_Issues .
Gong, Q. and Zhang, L. (2010) \\\\\\'Virtue ethics and modern society—A response to the thesis of the modern predicament of virtue ethics _ SpringerLink,\\\\\\' Frontiers of Philosophy in China, 5(2), pp. 255–265.
Newton, L. (2008) \\\\\\'Hale Chair in Applied Ethics Resources - Manuals.\\\\\\' Available at: http://www.rit.edu/cla/ethics/resources/manuals/dgae1p1.html .
The Blogxer (2012) \\\\\\'Responsibilities of an educated person,\\\\\\' The Third Eye. Available at: http://enlighten-me-not.blogspot.co.ke/2012/03/responsibilities-of-educated-person.html .
Study Document
Shareholder Vs Stakeholder Theory
… shares and thus inflate shareholder value. Many executives sign off on share buybacks instead of putting the money to good use, as in research and development, because they themselves have boatloads of shares that they want to sell and they know that the smart money has been … to maximize shareholder value they had to deliver as leaders of the company and grow the company through investment in the company, through research and development, through innovation, and through focusing on long-term sustainability. Those were the keys to maximizing shareholder value because investors looked for value … courage, and strength to do what was right. They had virtue, and they knew what virtue was. They practiced a system of virtue ethics back when having an ethical framework meant something more than simply justifying whatever choices one wanted to make regardless of how it impacted ……
References
References
Augustine. (n.d.). Commentaries on Sermon on the Mount. http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/16011.htm
Chen, J. (2019). Market Milestones as the Bull Market Turns 10. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/market-milestones-as-the-bull-market-turns-10-4588903
Egan, M. (2018). Tax cut triggers $437 billion explosion of stock buybacks. Retrieved from https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/10/investing/stock-buybacks-record-tax-cuts/index.html
Henrich, S. (2019). Unholy alliance. Retrieved from https://northmantrader.com/2019/11/30/unholy-alliance/
Laux, C., & Leuz, C. (2010). Did fair-value accounting contribute to the financial crisis?. Journal of economic perspectives, 24(1), 93-118.
Light, L. (2019). More than Half of All Stock Buybacks are Now Financed by Debt. Here’s Why That’s a Problem. Retrieved from https://fortune.com/2019/08/20/stock-buybacks-debt-financed/
Mullen, C. (2019). People want to buy \\\\\\'local\\\\\\' food, but they\\\\\\'re not sure what it means. Retrieved from https://www.bizjournals.com/bizwomen/news/latest-news/2019/05/people-want-to-buy-local-food-but-theyre-not-sure.html?page=all
Putka, G. (2019). Insiders are selling. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/company-insiders-are-selling-stock-during-buyback-programs-and-making-additional-profits-when-stock-prices-jump-and-its-legal/2019/11/06/fc592f58-e493-11e9-a331-2df12d56a80b_story.html
Study Document
Indian Removal Act 1830
...Research ethics The Injustice of the Indian Removal Act 1830
Introduction
The Indian Removal Act signed by Andrew Jackson in 1830 was meant to establish peace in the nation and to give the Native Americans their own territory where they could practice their own activities, traditions and culture without interference from the American government. However, the Act resulted in the forced migration of thousands of Native Americans from their traditional homelands to a region of the U.S. that did not suit their lifestyle or their culture. Many suffered and died during the march on the Trail of Tears from the Southern states to Oregon. Though Jackson may have had good intentions at the time, the removal can now be viewed as an American tragedy that might have been prevented. In fact, it was just one example of an exercise in human rights abuses in a long history of human rights abuses committed……
References
Works Cited
Primary Sources
Crockett, Davy, “On the removal of the Cherokees, 1834,” Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-now/spotlight-primary-source/davy-crockett-removal-cherokees-1834
“The Magnetic Telegraph.” Ladies’ Repository 10(1850): 61-62. O’Sullivan, John. “Annexation.” United States Magazine and Democratic Review, vol.17, no. 1 (July-August 1845): 5-10.
Sevier, John. Letter to the Cherokee. DPLA. https://dp.la/primary-source-sets/cherokee-removal-and-the-trail-of-tears/sources/1500
Secondary Sources
Brown-Rice, Kathleen. "Examining the Theory of Historical Trauma Among Native Americans." Professional Counselor 3, no. 3 (2013).
Cave, Alfred A. "Abuse of power: Andrew Jackson and the Indian removal act of 1830." The Historian 65, no. 6 (2003): 1330-1353.
Cherokee Preservation Foundation. “About the Eastern Band.” Cherokee Preservation, 2010. http://cherokeepreservation.org/who-we-are/about-the-ebci/
Study Document
Optimizing Health Information Systems
… for evaluating the success of the implementation of a system by incorporating two professional organization standards are followed by a summary of the research and important findings about the challenges and issues involved are presented in the paper’s conclusion..
A. Discussion and analysis of health information systems
… by Abouzhar (2009) as an "integrated effort to collect, process, report and use health information and knowledge to influence policy-making, program action and research" (p. 578). Although health information systems may differ significantly in terms of configurations and capabilities, they typically share some common features that are … to care that promote the right intervention to the right person at the right time and in the right setting (NAHQ code of ethics for healthcare quality, 2019).
In order to apply these professional organization standards in ways that can accurately evaluate the effectiveness of the health … violations. This data will be……
References
References
Abouzhar, C. & Boerma, T. (2009, August). Health information systems: The foundations of public health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 83(8), 578-583.
Cresswell, K. & Aziz, S. (2013, May). Organizational issues in the implementation and adoption of health information technology innovations: An interpretative review. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 87(5), 73-86.
Drazen, E. L. (2006, February). Maximizing the benefits of health care information systems. Journal of Medical Systems, 10(1), 51-56.
Kruse, C. S. & Smith, D. (2017, July). Security techniques for the electronic health records. Journal of Medical Systems, 41(8), 127.
Kumar, V. (2011). Impact of health information systems on organizational health communication and behavior. The Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice, 9(2), 37-44.
McGrail, K. M. & Black, C. (2009, August). Access to data in health information systems. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 83(8), 563-569.
Murphy, M. L. (2019, March). Mastering accounting for business combinations: Mergers and acquisitions present challenges that finance can overcome by staying involved with the deal and preparing in advance of the closing. Journal of Accountancy, 227(3), 24-27.
NAHQ code of ethics for healthcare quality. (2019). National Association for Healthcare Quality. Retrieved from https://nahq.org/about/code-of-ethics .
Study Document
How Religious Beliefs Affected Colonial Social Structure In America
...Research ethics Colonial America was a diverse hodge-podge of religious communities. The Quakers had been given Pennsylvania by William Penn, whose father had held ties with the King of England (Fantel). The Puritans were in New England. Baptists established themselves in the South. Catholics had been in the Northern territories and in the Southwest well before the Protestant surge, and they also established the first Catholic state in Maryland—before it was later taken over by Protestants who banned Catholicism (Laux). In short, there was little religious unity broadly speaking, but religion nonetheless played an important role in the structuring of society and class when it came to local organization. Hawthorne and Melville—the two premier authors of the 19th century—described this experience of social stratification within a religious context fairly well. But there are numerous signs and examples of how it existed and persisted. This paper will show that religion was used as……
References
Works Cited
Fantel, Hans. William Penn: Apostle of Dissent. NY: William Morrow & Co., 1974.
Graham, Michael. "Posish Plots: Protestant Fears in Early Colonial Maryland, 1676-1689." The Catholic historical review 79.2 (1993): 197-216.
Holton, W. Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.
Laux, John. Church History. New York: Benziger Brothers, 1933.
Melville, Herman. Clarel. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015005201424&view=1up&seq=9
Milder, R. Herman Melville. New York: Columbia University Press,1988.
Pyle, Ralph E., and James D. Davidson. "The origins of religious stratification in colonial America." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 42.1 (2003): 57-75.
Study Document
Aging Workforce
...Research ethics How Managers Can Address Risks of an Aging Workforce
Abstract
This paper examines the effects of the aging workforce on companies and how managers should address the issue. It identifies the risks associated with an aging workforce, looks at the challenges that this issue brings for managers, offers solutions and recommendations for what managers can do to address these risks and challenges, discusses ergonomic issues and how to face resistance within the organization when changes are inevitably made to accommodate the aging workforce so as to enhance their performance and maximize their potential. It also looks at the positive side of having an aging workforce and why more people should work later in life and why managers should embrace this trend.
Keywords: aging workforce, managing aging workers, generational gap workplace
Introduction
The workforce is aging in the 21st century (Heggeness, Carter-Johnson, Schaffer, & Rockey, 2016). An aging workforce presents certain……
References
References
Burtless, G., & Quinn, J. F. (2002). Is working longer the answer for an aging workforce? Working Papers in Economics, 82.
Ciutiene, R., & Railaite, R. (2015). Age management as a means of reducing the challenges of workforce aging. Engineering Economics, 26(4), 391-397.
Heggeness, M. L., Carter-Johnson, F., Schaffer, W. T., & Rockey, S. J. (2016). Policy implications of aging in the NIH-funded workforce. Cell Stem Cell, 19(1), 15-18.
Koh, T. Y., Rowlinson, S., & Pollock, S. (2019). Dealing with Ageing Workforce in the Hong Kong Construction Industry: an Initial Exploration. Proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference (2019) 091
Lassila, S. (2019). Managing Risks of an Aging Workforce. Construction Executive, 2020. Retrieved from https://constructionexec.com/article/managing-risks-of-an-aging-workforce
Perry, L. S. (2010). Designing the workplace for the aging workforce. White paper, Zurich in North America, Retrieved December, 20, 2010.
Schwartz, J., Monahan, K., Hatfield, S. & Anderson, S. (2018). No time to retire redesigning work for our aging workforce. Deloitte.
Streb, C. K., Voelpel, S. C., & Leibold, M. (2008). Managing the aging workforce:: Status quo and implications for the advancement of theory and practice. European management journal, 26(1), 1-10.
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