Market Risk Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Risk Management And Insurance
… pure life annuity
In the case of specialized annuities, the contract options available include:
i. Single-premium deferred annuity (SPDA)
ii. Two-Tier Annuity
iii. market-Value-Adjusted Annuities
iv. The Variable Annuity
v. Index Annuities
vi. The Contingent Deferred Annuity
vii. Survivorship or Reversionary Annuity
Q3
Investors have to account … prices. Variable annuities have been consistent with this theory. The number of accumulation units credited to an investor’s account will reflect the current market value of the same units. This value is determined by dividing the current securities value accumulated by a client by the outstanding number ……
References
References
Vaughan, E. J., & Vaughan, T. (2007). Fundamentals of risk and insurance. John Wiley & Sons.
Study Document
How Amazon Hedges Its Forex Risk
… terms of costs and revenues, there still foreign currency profits that end up being translated back to Amazon’s financial statements. This creates translational risk for the company. The operating offsets mean that Amazon doesn’t need to utilize hedging strategies, but tactics like offsetting costs and revenues, and … doesn’t need to utilize hedging strategies, but tactics like offsetting costs and revenues, and diversification of international operations, help Amazon reduce the translational risk that it faces. This paper will examine what foreign currency exchange rate risk Amazon faces, and what tactics it undertakes to mitigate these risk on its income statement and balance sheet.
Introduction
Amazon has online retail operations in 58 countries around the world, and these are typically … around the world, and these are typically priced in local currency. This has implications for the company’s strategies with respect to foreign exchange risk, and foreign exchange cash flows.……
References
References
Amazon 2019 Annual Report. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://s2.q4cdn.com/299287126/files/doc_financials/2020/ar/2019-Annual-Report.pdf
HowMuch.net (2019) Charting the most powerful reserve currencies in the world. HowMuch.net. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://howmuch.net/articles/worlds-top-reserve-currencies-2019
Mehta, N., Detroja, P. & Agashe, A. (2018) Amazon changes prices on its products about every 10 minutes – here’s how and why they do it. Business Insider. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-price-changes-2018-8
Reiff, N. (2020) Hedge. Investopedia. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedge.asp
Roamy (2019) The consequences of Amazon’s pricing power. Medium.com. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://medium.com/goods-services/https-medium-com-goods-services-amazons-pricing-power-797e28b63fbd
Statista (2019) Annual net sales of Amazon in selected leading markets from 2014 to 2019. Statista. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://www.statista.com/statistics/672782/net-sales-of-amazon-leading-markets/
Study Document
Enterprise Risk Management In Wells Fargo During The Pandemic
Enterprise risk Management in Wells Fargo during the Pandemic
Introduction
As Beasley (2020) points out, enterprise risk management (ERM) is especially needed during the COVID 19 pandemic because of the “number of different, but interrelated risk spread all across most organization” (p. 2). COVID 19 is not just a factor that has impacted one business or industry. It has … Wells Fargo specifically because of its role in managing loan products, using interest rates to attract savers, and offering investment advice. “No single risk associated with the COVID-19 pandemic crisis can be managed in isolation,” as Beasley (2020) points out (p.2). This means that from an ERM … in isolation,” as Beasley (2020) points out (p.2). This means that from an ERM perspective the problem has to be approached comprehensively with risk understood at the macro level. This paper will provide 1) a critical analysis, including a comparison and contrast……
References
References
Beasley, M. (2020). How to Leverage ERM Principles to Better Respond to COVID-19-Related Risks. ERM Professional Insights.
Derysh, I. (2020). Watchdog questions why Wells Fargo reported giving only one large PPP loan to a Black-owned business. Retrieved from https://www.salon.com/2020/07/22/watchdog-questions-why-wells-fargo-reported-giving-only-one-large-ppp-loan-to-a-black-owned-business/
English, C. (2020). Wells Fargo Forced to Cut Its Dividend After Fed Stress Test. Here’s What Other Banks Did. Retrieved from https://www.barrons.com/articles/wells-fargo-forced-to-cut-its-dividend-after-fed-stress-test-51593467664
Hall, J. (2007). Internal Auditing and ERM: Fitting in and Adding Value. Retrieved from https://global.theiia.org/about/about-the-iia/Public Documents/Sawyer_Award_2007.pdf
Kaplan, R. & Mikes, A. (2012). Managing risks: A new framework. Harvard Business Review, 3.
Lewis, M. (2010). The Big Short. NY: W. W. Norton.
Lundqvist, S. (2014). Abandoning Silos for Integration: Implementing Enterprise Risk Management and Risk Governance. Lund University.
Morgenson, G. (2020). More Wells Fargo customers say the bank decided to pause their mortgage payments without asking. Retrieved from https://www.nbcnews.com/business/personal-finance/more-wells-fargo-customers-say-bank-decided-pause-their-mortgage-n1234610
Study Document
Brazilian Market Entry Pricing Strategy
Entering the Brazilian market
Problem Statement
Peak must decide on a pricing strategy for entering the Brazilian market. It has narrowed its options down to three: penetration pricing, skim pricing and cost-plus pricing. This report will evaluate the company, the market and each of these three options in order to determine the best choice of pricing strategy when entering the Brazilian market.
Concept/Theory: SWOT Analysis
The SWOT analysis is a tool whereby the company analyzes its internal strengths and weaknesses, and its external threats and … shore up weaknesses in order to defend against threats. In this case, where the company is determining a strategy for entering a new market, it will probably take into account how it can leverage its strengths to take advantage of this opportunity (Furgison, 2019).
There are a … are critical, and any gear that does not adhere to international-level safety standards simply won’t be……
References
References
Chappelow, J. (2019) Monopolistic competition. Investopedia. Retrieved March 28, 2020 from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/monopolisticmarket.asp
CIA World Factbook. (2020) Brazil. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved March 28, 2020 from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/br.html
Decker, A. (2020) The ultimate guide to pricing strategies HubSpot. Retrieved March 28, 2020 from https://blog.hubspot.com/sales/pricing-strategy
Dourado, A., Canabrava, L, Spadano, L, Alvarenga, P., Salles, R., Advogados, F., Lourencao, M. & Trung, T. (2019) Doing business in Brazil: An overview. Thomson Reuters Practical Law. Retrieved March 28, 2020 from https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/0-503-8385?__lrTS=20180603124715781&transitionType=Default&contextData= (sc.Default)&firstPage=true&bhcp=1#co_anchor_a102539
Downey, L. (2019) Brazilian real. Investopedia. Retrieved March 28, 2020 from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/forex/a/brl-brazilian-real.asp
Furgison, L. (2019) SWOT analysis, step 5: developing actionable strategies. BPlans.com. Retrieved March 28, 2020 from https://articles.bplans.com/swot-analysis-challenge-day-5-turning-swot-analysis-actionable-strategies/
Kokemuller, N. (2020) Entry pricing strategy. Houston Chronicle. Retrieved March 28, 2020 from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/entry-pricing-strategy-61428.html
Riley, C. (2019) Jair Bolsinaro says Brazil is open for business. CNN Business. Retrieved March 28, 2020 from https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/22/business/bolsonaro-brazil-davos-foreign-investment/index.html
Study Document
Understanding The Factors Affecting The Success Of Credit Risk In
… more with the advancement of globalization. In each regard of their business operations, banks ought to take effective measures in order to diminish risk by pinpointing the prospective causes based on real-world circumstances. Imperatively, the banking sector is deemed to be a significant source of financing for … a significant source of financing for several companies and entrepreneurs. In the past decade, there have been dramatic changes concerning the management of risk in the banking industry. Progressively more financial institutions and managers have augmented the focus on the significance of risk management. In delineation, risk management encompasses the practice of identifying, assessing and listing of risk followed by organized and cost-effective application of resources to curtail, supervise and control the probability and influence of disastrous events or to capitalize … as financial intermediaries within any economic setting and they are key providers of financial credit to both the corporate……
References
References
Bhattarai, Y. R. (2016). Effect of credit risk on the performance of Nepalese commercial banks. NRB Economic Review, 28(1), 41-64.
Das, A. and Ghosh, S. (2007). Determinants of Credit Risk in Indian State-owned Banks: An Empirical Investigation. Economic Issues, 12(2): 48-66.
Derelio?lu, G., & Gürgen, F. (2011). Knowledge discovery using neural approach for SME’s credit risk analysis problem in Turkey. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(8), 9313-9318
Garr, D. K. (2013). Determinants of credit risk in the banking industry of Ghana. Developing Country Studies, 3(11), 64-77.
Gizaw, M., Kebede, M., & Selvaraj, S. (2015). The impact of credit risk on profitability performance of commercial banks in Ethiopia. African Journal of Business Management, 9(2), 59-66.
Johnson, B., & Christensen, L. (2008). Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches. New York: Sage.
Kithinji, A. M. (2010). Credit risk management and profitability of commercial banks in Kenya. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
Limam, I. (2001). Measuring technical efficiency of Kuwaiti banks. Kuwait: Arab Planning Institute.
Study Document
Investing Overseas Market Entry Decision Making
… fairly complex regulatory environment that could prove challenging, the decision as to where to expand internationally still has to be more of a market-based decision. That means looking at an ROI or net present value type of calculation, weighing the cost of entering the market against the size of the market opportunity. That calculation might show that the EU is the best choice for international expansion, or it might not.
There is a lot … it might not.
There is a lot of information available about expanding into Europe, so at least the decision to enter the EU market or not can be made with a fairly robust set of information guiding it. Each of the 28 member nations publishes material for … 28 member nations publishes material for exporters, and there are US Commercial Service teams deployed across Europe to help American companies enter these market (Export.gov, 2019).……
References
References
CE Intelligence. (2019) EU – market entry strategies. CE Intelligence.com. Retrieved December 5, 2019 from http://www.ceintelligence.com/content_manager/contentPages/view/eu-market-entry-strategies
Chapman, K. & Edmond, H. (2010) Mergers/acquisitions and restructuring in the EU chemical industry: Patterns and implications. Regional Studies. Vol. 34 (8) 753-767
Conyon, M., Girma, S., Thompson, S. & Wright, P. (2003) The productivity and wage effects of foreign acquisitions in the United Kingdom. The Journal of Industrial Economics. Vol. 50 (1) 85-102.
EF.com (2019) English proficiency index. EF.com. Retrieved December 5, 2019 from https://www.ef.com/wwen/epi/
Export.gov (2019) European Union – market entry strategy. Export.gov. Retrieved December 5, 2019 from https://www.export.gov/article?id=European-union-Market-Entry-Strategy
Girma, S. (2002) The process of European integration and the determinants of entry by non-EU multinationals in UK manufacturing. DOI:10.1111/1467-9957.00305
Girma, S. (2005) Technology transfer from acquisition FDI and the absorptive capacity of domestic firms: An empirical investigation. Open Economies Review. Vol. 16 (2) 175-187.
Lamson, M. (2016) 5 things you need to know before doing business in Europe. Inc. Magazine. Retrieved December 5, 2019 from https://www.inc.com/melissa-lamson/5-things-you-need-to-know-before-doing-business-in-europe.html
Study Document
EV Market Business Opportunity Analysis Report
Overview
The electric vehicle (EV) market has received a considerable boost in recent years thanks in no small part to the rise of Tesla and its Model 3. However, … much further advanced they can get, and the EVs from Tesla, VW, Porsche and other firms are all going after the luxury consumer market, there is room for an innovate EV idea that will transform the entire industry just as the first car transformed the horse and … “entrepreneurs are creating jobs at more than twice the rate of established companies.” Enterpreneurs bring creative ideas and solutions to static or stagnant market, inspiring consumers to try new products (Baron & Tang, 2011). However, there are mitigating factors: indeed, individual traits of the entrepreneur, “such as … inspiring consumers to try new products (Baron & Tang, 2011). However, there are mitigating factors: indeed, individual traits of the entrepreneur, “such as risk……
References
References
Andwari, A.M., Pesiridis, A., Rajoo, S., Martinez-Botas, R. and Esfahanian, V., 2017. A review of Battery Electric Vehicle technology and readiness levels. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 78, pp.414-430.
Angerer, M., Brem, A., Kraus, S. and Peter, A., 2017. Start-up funding via equity crowdfunding in Germany: A qualitative analysis of success factors. The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance (JEF), 19(1), pp.1-34.
Baron, R.A. and Tang, J., 2011. The role of entrepreneurs in firm-level innovation: Joint effects of positive affect, creativity, and environmental dynamism. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(1), pp.49-60.
Car, 2019. Best EVs 2019. Retrieved from https://www.carmagazine.co.uk/electric/best-electric-cars-and-evs/
Crum, R. 2018. Elon Musk says Tesla nearly died during Model 3 production ramp. Retrieved from https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/11/26/elon-musk-says-tesla-nearly-died-during-model-3-production-ramp/
Ewing, J. 2017. What Needs to Happen Before Electric Cars Take Over the World. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/18/business/electric-car-adoption.html
Fuentelsaz, L., Maicas, J.P. and Montero, J., 2018. Entrepreneurs and innovation: The contingent role of institutional factors. International Small Business Journal, 36(6), pp.686-711.
Inman, P., 2019. Is a global recession imminent? Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/aug/25/is-a-global-recession-coming-here-are-seven-warning-signs
Study Document
Capital Structure Analysis
...Market risk Introduction
Corporate finance focuses on financial decisions made by financial managers. Financial decisions is broadly categorized into two: financing decisions and investment decisions (Renzetti, 2001). Investment decisions determines the composition of assets held by a firm while financing decisions focuses on the optimal mix of debts and equity (capital structure). An optimal capital structure can be defined as a combination of equity and debt that maximizes shareholders’ wealth or value of a firm. The value of a firm “is the present value of expected future cash flows to be generated by the assets, discounted at the company’s weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Generally, the determination of optimal capital structure is a complex decision process involving calculations of various debt-equity ratio. In this paper, the capital structure of Afterpay Touch Group Limited (ATP), FlexiGroup Limited (FXL), and Zip Co Limited (Z1P) will be calculated, theories of optimal capital structure will……
References
References
Estimating a synthetic rating and cost of debt. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/New_Home_Page/valquestions/syntrating.htm
Fenebris.com. (2019, August 18). AU. Retrieved from http://www.market-risk-premia.com/au.htmlm
Intelligent Investor. (n.d.). FlexiGroup Limited. Retrieved from https://www.intelligentinvestor.com.au/shares/asx-fxl/flexigroup-limited/financials IntelligentInvestor.com. (n.d.). Afterpay Touch Group Limited. Retrieved from https://www.intelligentinvestor.com.au/shares/asx-apt/afterpay-touch-group-limited/financials
Yahoo Finance. (n.d.). FLEXIGROUP FPO (FXL.AX) Balance Sheet. Retrieved from https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/FXL.AX/balance-sheet?p=FXL.AXhttps://finance.yahoo.com/quote/FXL.AX/balance-sheet?p=FXL.AX
Study Document
Globalization Of Insurance
While the U.S. enjoys the largest insurance market, U.S. companies no longer own the majority of the insurance market share in the country. Foreign companies do with 74% (Vaughan & Vaughan, 2013). This goes to show the extent to which foreign companies … for return on investment (ROI). Part of the problem with the globalization of insurance is that everything has been globalized—right down to investable market. Since 2008, central banks around the world have lowered rates to the point that it is impossible for insurance funds to obtain a … the world have lowered rates to the point that it is impossible for insurance funds to obtain a targeted ROI without investing in risk assets. Likewise, regulatory bodies have gone global as well with organizations like the Common Framework for the Supervision of Internationally Active Insurance Groups … in regulation—which is understandable on both ends: tighter regulation makes it……
References
References
Egan, M. (2018). Tax cut triggers $437 billion explosion of stock buybacks. Retrieved from https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/10/investing/stock-buybacks-record-tax-cuts/index.html
Flegm, E. H. (2008). The Need for Reliability in Accounting. Why historical cost is more reliable than fair value. Journal of Accountancy, 205(5), 34.
Healy, P. M., Palepu, K., & Serafeim, G. (2009). Subprime Crisis and Fair-Value Accounting. HBS Case, (109-031).
Laux, C., & Leuz, C. (2010). Did fair-value accounting contribute to the financial crisis?. Journal of economic perspectives, 24(1), 93-118.
Light, L. (2019). More than Half of All Stock Buybacks are Now Financed by Debt. Here’s Why That’s a Problem. Retrieved from https://fortune.com/2019/08/20/stock-buybacks-debt-financed/
Reda, J. (2018). How Stock Buybacks Can Affect Executive Compensation. Retrieved from http://clsbluesky.law.columbia.edu/2018/08/03/how-stock-buybacks-can-affect-executive-compensation/
Young, M. R., (2008). Both sides make good points. Journal of Accountancy, 205(5), 34.
Vaughan, E. J., & Vaughan T. M., (2013). Fundamentals of Risk and Insurance, 11th Edition.
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