International Security Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Cyber Espionage
… cyber warfare as nation-states increasingly rely on cyberspace. However, cyber espionage had generated concerns regarding its acceptability given its potential threats to national security. This qualitative case study research explores the proposition that cyber security should be deemed an acceptable state behavior while cyber attack is unacceptable. This study seeks to answer the question, “How is cyber espionage … future studies should examine the issue based on empirical or primary data.
Keywords: cyber espionage, acceptability, state behavior, cyberattacks, relationship, intelligence gathering, national security, cyber warfare, cyber capabilities.
Introduction
Cyberspace has become an important element in the operations of any given country since we are living in … secrets with the permission of the owner/possessor of the information.[footnoteRef:2] As a form of cyberattack, cyber espionage is one of the most complex international problems in today’s world despite being seen as an acceptable state behavior. [1: Magnus Hjortdal, “China’s Use of……
References
Bibliography
Ablon, L. “Data Thieves: The Motivations of Cyber Threat Actors and Their Use and Monetization of Stolen Data.” RAND Corporation, March 2018. https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/testimonies/CT400/CT490/RAND_CT490.pdf
Agarwal A. & CERT-IN. “Cyber Espionage, Infiltration and Combating Techniques.” Indian Computer Emergency Response Team, 2013. https://www.cert-in.org.in/Downloader?pageid=5&type=2&fileName=CIPS-2013-0128.pdf " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
Cyber Espionage
… cyber warfare as nation-states increasingly rely on cyberspace. However, cyber espionage had generated concerns regarding its acceptability given its potential threats to national security. This study explores the proposition that cyber security should be deemed an acceptable state behavior while cyber attack is unacceptable. This study seeks to answer the question, “How is cyber espionage … study research design based on the Just War Theory will be utilized to conduct this research. Data will be collected from professionals in international relations and cyber security as well as existing publications on recent cyber espionage activities by China and Russia.
Keywords: cyber espionage, acceptability, proposition, state behavior, cyberattack, relationship, … existing publications on recent cyber espionage activities by China and Russia.
Keywords: cyber espionage, acceptability, proposition, state behavior, cyberattack, relationship, intelligence gathering, national security.
Introduction
Cyberspace has become an important element is the operations of any given country because of today’s……
References
Bibliography
Agarwal A. & CERT-IN. “Cyber Espionage, Infiltration and Combating Techniques.” Indian Computer Emergency Response Team, 2013. https://www.cert-in.org.in/Downloader?pageid=5&type=2&fileName=CIPS-2013-0128.pdf " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
US Customs And Border Protection And Defense Intelligence Agency
Private security and Homeland Defense
Questions 2 and 3
Question 2:
The Intelligence Community is comprised of 17 agencies. These agencies work with Federal, State, … ever been before. This, according to the agency, is more so the case given that “the re-emergence of great-power competition challenges U.S. prosperity, security, and the democratic world order we have fought to sustain since World War II” (DIA, 2020). It should be noted that in the … into supporting the diverse operations of CBP. It is important to note that the Donations Acceptance Program, according to the Department of Homeland security – DHD (2016), “enables CBP and GSA to explore, foster, and facilitate public and private-sector partnerships for U.S. POE infrastructure and technology improvements ……
References
References
Customs and Border Protection – CBP (2020). About CBP. Retrieved from https://www.cbp.gov/about
Department of Homeland Security – DHD (2016). Section 559 Pilot Program Donations Acceptance. Retrieved from https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Customs%20and%20Border%20Protection%20-%20Section%20559%20Pilot%20Program%20Donations%20Acceptance%20-%20FY%202016.pdf
Defense Intelligence Agency – DIA (2020). Strategy. Retrieved from https://www.dia.mil/About/Strategy/
Keating, T.J. (2011). Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations. Washington, DC: DIANE Publishing.
Office of the Director of National Intelligence (2020). Defense Intelligence Agency. Retrieved from https://www.intelligence.gov/index.php/how-the-ic-works/our-organizations/412-dia
U.S. Government Accountability Office – GAO (2020). U.S. Ports of Entry: Update on CBP Public-Private Partnership Programs. Retrieved from https://www.gao.gov/assets/710/704191.pdf
Study Document
Iron Contra The Covert Action Operation In Iran
… cover the truth of what transpired in the deposing of Prime Minister Mossadeq in 1953(Levin, 2018).
Recommendations
The U.S. and Britain blatantly ignored international law and pursued a hidden change of regime, and set the stage for a portent adversary in the Middle East. However, the originally ……
References
References
Contini, C. (2013). A Realistic View on Iran: International relations and Global Politics. GRIN Verlag.
De Seve, M. (2020). Operation Ajax: The Story of the CIA Coup that Remade the Middle East. Verso Books.
Fowler, R. (2018). More Than a Doctrine: The Eisenhower Era in the Middle East. U of Nebraska Press.
Lee, C. T. (2013). A Cold War Narrative: The Covert Coup of Mohammad Mossadeq, Role of the U.S. Press and Its Haunting Legacies. Senior Theses, Trinity College, Hartford, CT. http://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/theses/300
Levin, Y. A. (2018). Operation Ajax in the CIA analytics: colonial knowledge in postcolonial age. Samara Journal of Science, 7(2), 200-203.
Luce, D. D. (2017, September 20). The specter of operation AJAX. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2003/aug/20/foreignpolicy.iran
Merica, D., & Hanna, J. (2013). In declassified document, CIA acknowledges role in\\\\\\'53 Iran Coup. CNN News. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
Roosevelt, K. (1979). Countercoup, the Struggle for the Control of Iran. McGraw-Hill Companies.
Study Document
Barriers That Prevent Implementation Of IoT Within Small Businesses
… view implementing and using IoT a risk?
RQ1a. What are the barriers (real or perceived) to implementation of IoT?
RQ2. How are IoT security risks and business risks related?
RQ2a. Under what conditions would SMEs adopt IoT implementation?
RQ3. Why is the IoT applicable and beneficial in … same attributes that make the IoT a valuable resource for businesses of all sizes and types, though, are the same attributes that create security risks for its implementation and administration (Banham, 2016). For example, a study by Celik, Fernandes, Tan and McDaniel (2019) noted that recent innovations … in nearly every conceivable environment, which leads to the adoption of device-based interaction and automation. However, IoT has also raised issues about the security and privacy of these digitally augmented spaces” (p. 1). Some of the digitally augmented spaces in IoT implementations that are most vulnerable to … and privacy of these digitally……
References
References
Ahamed, J., & Rajan, A.V. (2016). Internet of Things (IoT): Application systems and security vulnerabilities. 2016 5th International Conference on Electronic Devices, Systems and Applications (ICEDSA), 1-5.
Aishah, S., Sahandi, R., Prakoonwit, S., & Khan, W. (2019). Big data and IoT opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In Handbook of Research on Big data and the IoT. doi: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7432-3.ch005
An, N. & Wang, J. (2018, October). Research and practice on innovative methods of ideological and political education for college student. Educational Sciences Theory and Practice, 18(5), 2386-2391.
Banham, R. (2016, July-August). IoT complexity: As the Internet of Things expands, the risks-and questions of liability-become more complicated. Risk Management, 63(6), 39-44.
Bhardwaj, A., Subramanyam, G. V., Avasthi, V. & Sastry, H. (2016). Review of solutions for securing end user data over cloud applications. International Journal of Advanced Computer Research, 6(27), 2277-2291.
Bok, H. (2014, September). An empirical study on factors influencing Internet advertising effects. Advances in Management, 7(9), 6-9.
Business.com. (2018). Disaster preparedness for small businesses. Business.com, September 26. Retrieved from https://www.business.com/articles/business-disaster-prep/ .
Cass, J. (2019). Internet of Things: What it is, how it works, examples and more. Just Creative. Retrieved from https://justcreative.com/2018/11/19/internet-of-things-explained/ .
Study Document
FBI Drugs And WMDs
… against America. As the primary research question of this study is “In what ways can the nonproliferation regime connect and collaborate with homeland security as a way to improve counterterrorism strategy?” this literature review will focus on identifying sources that can help to answer that question, including … proliferation of WMDs throughout the world. [2: Joseph Chinyong Liow, "The Mahathir administration's war against Islamic militancy: operational and ideological challenges." Australian Journal of international Affairs 58, no. 2 (2004), 242.]
Literature Review
The Development of a Strategy
As Mauroni points out, the plan to stop the spread and … weapons to military forces in the 1990s.”[footnoteRef:3] Yet, it was 9/11 that truly introduced the intensely broadened scope, especially with regards to homeland security.[footnoteRef:4] The origins of the strategy can ultimately be found in the Gulf War crisis of 1991, under the George H. Bush Administration—and its … or hold hostage the rest……
References
Bibliography
Arnold, Aaron and Daniel Salisbury, “The Long Arm,” Belfer Center, 2019. https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/long-arm
Carter, Ashton B. "Overhauling counterproliferation." Technology in Society 26, no. 2-3 (2004): 257-269.
The Commission to Assess the Organization of the Federal Government to Combat the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. “Combating Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction,” Washington, D.C., 1999.
FBI. “COINTELPRO.” https://vault.fbi.gov/cointel-pro
FBI Counterproliferation Center. “About.” https://www.fbi.gov/about/leadership-and-structure/national-security-branch/fbi-counterproliferation-center
Fischer, Rowena Rege. “Guide to the Study of Intelligence: Counterproliferation,” Journal of U.S. Intelligence Studies 21, no. 1 (Winter 2014-15), 78-82.
Liow, Joseph Chinyong. "The Mahathir administration's war against Islamic militancy: operational and ideological challenges." Australian Journal of International Affairs 58, no. 2 (2004): 241-256.
Manchikanti, Laxmaiah, Jaya Sanapati, Ramsin M. Benyamin, Sairam Atluri, Alan D. Kaye, and Joshua A. Hirsch. "Reframing the prevention strategies of the opioid crisis: focusing on prescription opioids, fentanyl, and heroin epidemic." Pain physician 21, no. 4 (2018): 309-326.
Study Document
Cyber Espionage
… cyber warfare as nation-states increasingly rely on cyberspace. However, cyber espionage had generated concerns regarding its acceptability given its potential threats to national security. This study explores the proposition that cyber security should be deemed an acceptable state behavior while cyber attack is unacceptable. This study seeks to answer the question, “How is cyber espionage … study research design based on the Just War Theory will be utilized to conduct this research. Data will be collected from professionals in international relations and cyber security as well as existing publications on recent cyber espionage activities by China and Russia.
Keywords: cyber espionage, acceptability, proposition, state behavior, cyberattack, relationship, … existing publications on recent cyber espionage activities by China and Russia.
Keywords: cyber espionage, acceptability, proposition, state behavior, cyberattack, relationship, intelligence gathering, national security.
Introduction
Cyberspace has become an important element ins the operations of any given country because of today’s……
References
Bibliography
Agarwal A. & CERT-IN. “Cyber Espionage, Infiltration and Combating Techniques.” Indian Computer Emergency Response Team, 2013. https://www.cert-in.org.in/Downloader?pageid=5&type=2&fileName=CIPS-2013-0128.pdf " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
Counterintelligence Issues Within The United States
… ideals, America’s reputation, American diplomacy and politics, and American culture is too great.
Counterintelligence has often been linked with the idea of national security, yet as Nolan (1997) shows it is dangerous to think of counterintelligence as a security exercise because it is literally nothing of the sort. Writing from the standpoint of private industry, Nolan (1997) states explicitly that “while security seeks to protect a firm's assets by a combination of policies, procedures and practices, counterintelligence, properly understood, aims to engage and neutralize a … for the agency and for the field it aims to serve (Nolan 1997, 53). There is also the matter of confusing counterintelligence with security, which is precisely what has happened in the past and is currently happening under the Trump Administration…[break]…counterintelligence is to put one’s own national … simply to focus on collaboration and clarity than on attempting to deceive. Ironically, it is……
References
Bibliography
2020-2022 National Counterintelligence Strategy of the United States. 2020. Washington, DC: National Counterintelligence and Security Center
Bailey, Christopher and Susan M. Galich. 2012. “Codes of Ethics: The Intelligence Community.” International Journal of Intelligence Ethics 35 (2): 77-99.
Bernardi, Beatrice. 2013. "The Role of Intelligence in the Fight Against International Terrorism: Legal Profiles." Bachelor's thesis, Università Ca'Foscari Venezia.
Carson, Thomas L. 2010. Lying and Deception: Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press.
Cohen, Shlomo. 2016. "Are There Moral Limits to Military Deception?." Philosophia 44 (4): 1305-1318.
Coyne, John, Peter Bell, and Shannon Merrington. 2013. "Exploring ethics in intelligence and the role of leadership." Interntional Journal of Business and Commerce 2 (10): 27-37.
Erskine, Toni. 2004. "'As Rays of Light to the Human Soul'? Moral Agents and Intelligence Gathering." Intelligence & National Security 19 (2): 359-381.
Godson, Roy, and James J. Wirtz. 2000. "Strategic denial and deception." International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 13 (4): 424-437.
Study Document
Weapons Of Mass Destruction
… this study is to examine ways to prevent or reduce the risk of a CBRN WMD attack. By looking at the use of international treaties, the rise of terrorism, and counter-proliferation strategies, this paper will assess the measures available for achieving the aim.
Research Question
What can … available for achieving the aim.
Research Question
What can nations do to prevent or reduce the risk of CBRN WMD attacks?
Literature Review
international Strategies
While international treaties may seem like an effective approach to reducing the risk of a CBRN WMD attack, treaties are not a full-proof plan as … the risk of a CBRN WMD attack, treaties are not a full-proof plan as they can be broken or not renewed. The current security Council Resolution 1540 is a new approach to reducing the risk of WMD proliferation. This new approach of international legislation has been passed through Council resolutions……
References
References
Asada, M. (2008). Security Council Resolution 1540 to combat WMD terrorism: effectiveness and legitimacy in international legislation. Journal of Conflict & Security Law, 13(3), 303-332.
Carter, A. B. (2004). Overhauling counterproliferation. Technology in Society 26(2-3), 257-269.
CBS. (2011). Clinton on Qaddafi: We came, we saw, he died. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlz3-OzcExI
The Commission to Assess the Organization of the Federal Government to Combat the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. (1999). Combating Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. Washington, D.C.
Forest, J.J.F. (2012, Winter). Framework for Analyzing the Future Threat of WMD Terrorism. Journal of Strategic Security 5, 4. Retrieved from http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1193&context=jss
Hochman, D. (2006). Rehabilitating a rogue: Libya's WMD reversal and lessons for US policy. Parameters, 36(1), 63.
Lang, C. G. (1937). Archbishop's Appeal: Individual Will and Action; Guarding Personality. London Times, 28.
Stone, O., & Kuznick, P. (2013). The untold history of the United States. Simon and Schuster.
Study Document
Strategy For National Defense
Part I – Regional security Issue within the Indo-Asia-Pacific Region
The National security Strategy (NSS) focuses on promoting the security of the United States on the premise that a safe environment is critical toward enhancing the prosperity of the nation. This strategy goes … that acknowledge the nature and extent of threats, intensity of rivalry, and potential opportunities across all regions. Such strategies become the premise of international Relations and U.S. foreign policy. [1: The White House, “National security Strategy of the United States of America”, The White House, December 2017, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/NSS-Final-12-18-2017-0905.pdf]
Issue in Indo-Asia-Pacific Region
Indo-Asia-Pacific region is one of the … The White House, December 2017, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/NSS-Final-12-18-2017-0905.pdf]
Issue in Indo-Asia-Pacific Region
Indo-Asia-Pacific region is one of the regions targeted by the United States National security Strategy. It extends from the west coast of India to the United States’ western shores and represent one of the most economically vibrant……
References
Bibliography
Davidson, P.S. “Statement of Admiral Philip S. Davidson, U.S. Navy Commander, U.S. Indo-Pacific Command Before the House Armed Services Committee on U.S. Indo-Pacific Command Posture.” United States Senate, March 27, 2019, https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Davidson_02-12-19.pdf
Department of Defense. “Summary of the 2018 National Defense Strategy of the United States of America.” National Defense Strategy, 2018, https://dod.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2018-National-Defense-Strategy-Summary.pdf
Muller, K. “The Essence of Coercive Air Power: A Primer for Military Strategies.” Air University, https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/ASPJ/journals/Chronicles/mueller.pdf
Pape, R.A. Bombing to Win: Air Power and Coercion in War, 1st ed. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996.
Tammen, R.L., Kugler, J. & Lemke, D. “Power Transition Theory.” International Relations, June 27, 2017, DOI: 10.1093/OBO/9780199743292-0038
The White House. “National Security Strategy of the United States of America.” The White House, December 2017, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/NSS-Final-12-18-2017-0905.pdf
Withers, P. “Integrating Cyber with Air Power in the Second Century of the Royal Air Force.” Medium, March 4, 2019, https://medium.com/raf-caps/integrating-cyber-with-air-power-in-the-second-century-of-the-royal-air-force-bca74b8d42ed
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