International Monetary Fund Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Digital Era And Taxation
...International monetary fund To Choose an Accounting Topic That Would Be Excellent for A Dissertation.
Research Topic
Taxation in the digital era is an excellent topic for a dissertation because there is an ongoing debate on whether digital companies are paying their fair share of taxes. Some tax experts believe that digital companies enjoy tax levels close to zero compared to traditional companies, yet they earn huge profits. The underlying principle of corporate taxation is that \"profit should be taxed where value is created\" (Sestakova, 2018). However, digitalization challenges this principle because of it difficult to pin down how and where digital companies create value. Also, digital companies rely heavily on intangible assets, big data, and which is hard to value (Sand- Zantman, 2018). Given this fact, there is a need to research problems that tax accountants face when taxing digital profits.
The above topic is relevant when examined from the technological perspective……
References
References
Committee of Experts on International Cooperation in Tax Matters. (2019). Tax Issues related to the Digitalization of the Economy: Report (E/C.18/2019/CRP.12). https://www.un.org/esa/ffd/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/18STM_CRP12-Work-on-taxation-issues-digitalization.pdf
Katz, R. (2015). THE IMPACT OF TAXATION ON THE DIGITAL ECONOMY. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Conferences/GSR/Documents/GSR2015/Discussion_papers_and_Presentations/GSR16_Discussion-Paper_Taxation_Latest_web.pdf
Pemerathna, A. (2016). Economic impact of digital taxation: A case on information communication technology industry Sri Lanka. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2910328
Sand-Zantman, W. (2018). Taxation in the Digital Economy. https://www.orange.com/fr/content/download/47110/1371114/version/1/file/Rapport%20TAXATION-VF-Mai2018.pdf
Sestakova, M. (2018, February). Tax Challenges of the Digital Economy [Paper presentation]. Management Challenges in the 21st Century, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Study Document
Promises Of Democracy Capitalism In Ukraine
… was held for 1994, in which Leonid Kuchma was elected with just over half the popular vote. Kuchma opened the door for the international monetary fund (IMF) to be part of the country’s reconstruction, and in 1996 a new, formal constitution was delivered. Still, throughout the 1990s, the hoped-for ……
References
References
Alexievich, S. (2007). Secondhand Time: The Last of the Soviets. NY: Random House.
Alexievich, S. (2017). The Unwomanly Face of War: An Oral History of Women in World War II. NY: Random House.
BBC. (2012). Russian godfathers. Retrieved from https://www.documentary24.com/russian-godfathers-putin-and-the-oligarchs--848/
Forbes. (2020). Ihor Kolomoyskyy. Retrieved from https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/how-russian-oligarchs-changed-country%E2%80%94and-not-better-97472
Klebnikov, P. (2000). Godfather of the Kremlin. New York, NY: Harcourt.
IMF. (2007). Report for Ukraine. Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2007/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=1992&ey=2008&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=926&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=&pr1.x=41&pr1.y=2
Mezrich, B. (2015). Once upon a time in Russia. New York, NY: Atria.
Risen, J. (2019). I Wrote About the Bidens and Ukraine Years Ago. Retrieved from https://theintercept.com/2019/09/25/i-wrote-about-the-bidens-and-ukraine-years-ago-then-the-right-wing-spin-machine-turned-the-story-upside-down/
Study Document
The EU And European Goverments
… achieved over the past 20 years between the major European powers. There has been a facilitation of the flood of both human and monetary capital between the member nations, as well as trade, and a number of its members have fought long and hard to ensure their … and Eastern Europe is at an end. But this is far from the case, given “there are disputes about the financing of structural funds and agriculture, the mobility of workers, environmental standards, and food quality” which are also characteristic of the North-South European divide coupled with severe … of the North-South European divide coupled with severe concerns about the extent to which democracy has failed to have been enacted in a fundamental way in many former Warsaw Pact nations (Lehne, 2019, par.4). But the concept of the continued existence of the Eastern Bloc must be ……
References
References
Belin, C. & Reinert, T. (2019). The eclipse of the European Union’s global influence. The Brookings Institute. Retrieved from: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/04/08/the-eclipse-of-the - european-unions-global-influence/
Lehne, S. (2019). Europe’s East-West divide: Myth or reality? Carnegie Europe. Retrieved from: https://carnegieeurope.eu/2019/04/11/europe-s-east-west-divide-myth-or-reality-pub-78847
Study Document
How Interest Rates Compare Over The Last Decade Within The United
… consumer, credit card rates determine how much an individual must pay on a month basis to the financial institution. Corporations looking to borrow funds to expand their market share must consider the variable interest rates being changed and their ability to service the debt. Even governments must … forth help to facilitate these transactions. Likewise, those looking to borrower to finance a home purchase or a car purchase may need additional funds that they otherwise may not have now. As a financial intermediary, banks can help transfer funds from savers (those who do not need to use the money immediately) to borrowers (those who would like to use the funds to purchase products). Again, this helps to provide a fully functioning economy as individual have access to capital they may not have otherwise … of deposit may be for 3 years, and so forth. A bank has the problem……
References
References
1. Goodhard, C and E Perotti, 2008 “Maturity mismatch stretching: Banking has taken a wrong turn”, CEPR Policy Insight 81, 6-July
2. Holston, Laubach, and Williams. 2017. “Measuring the Natural Rate of Interest: International Trends and Determinants,” Journal of International Economics 108, supplement 1 (May): S39–S75
3. Laubach and Williams. 2003. “Measuring the Natural Rate of Interest,” Review of Economics and Statistics 85, no.4 (November): 1063-70.
4. Rachel, L. and Smith, T.D., 2017. Are low real interest rates here to stay?. International Journal of Central Banking, 13(3), pp.1-42.
5. Schularick, M, and A M Taylor, (2009), “Credit Booms Gone Bust: Monetary Policy, Leverage Cycles and Financial Crises, 1870-2008”, NBER DP 15512
6. Stock, J.H. and Watson, M.W., 2007. Why has US inflation become harder to forecast?. Journal of Money, Credit and banking, 39, pp.3-33
Study Document
Self Regulation Proposal
… global nature of the modern financial market, any government's attempt to regulate it in a purely unilateral command-and-control manner will inevitably encounter the fundamental problem of regulatory arbitrage, whereby financial institutions find new ways to get around government rules, thus creating a never-ending spiral of rulemaking and … the losses caused by the offending firm’s actions—nor are they more than a wrist-slap in financial terms (Greene & Odorski, 2015). The Fair Funds provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002) was meant to ensure that fines were placed into a disbursement fund that would then pay out to victims of fraud or abuse. Since 2007, those funds have been decreasing—even though the number of firms being charged by the SEC has increased (Greene & Odorski, 2015). This is but one … for them to gain it and put a case together. Companies alone also have the power to monitor their own……
References
References
Arner, D. W., Barberis, J., & Buckey, R. P. (2016). FinTech, RegTech, and the reconceptualization of financial regulation. Nw. J. Int'l L. & Bus., 37, 371.
Arnone, M., & Padoan, P. C. (2008). Anti-money laundering by international institutions: a preliminary assessment. European Journal of Law and Economics, 26(3), 361-386.
Greene, E., & Odorski, C. (2015). SEC enforcement in the financial sector: addressing
Omarova, S. T. (2010). Rethinking the future of self-regulation in the financial industry. Brook. J. Int'l L., 35, 665.post-crisis criticism. Bus. L. Int'l, 16, 5.
Omarova, S. T. (2011). Wall street as community of fate: Toward financial industry self-regulation. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 159(2), 411-492.
Pritchard, A. C. (2003). Self-regulation and securities markets. Regulation, 26, 32.
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