Ethical Decision Making Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Walmart And Starbucks Sustainability
… on several fronts. These are complex issues, and they receive some complexity in their treatment. Starbucks has four main areas of focus: community, ethical sourcing, environment, and diversity. Roughly, community and diversity would fall into the category of social responsibility, as these cover community service, youth action, … a valuable marketing tool. This might inform the efforts of Starbucks, especially since when the company started there was little in the way ethical consideration from the major industrial coffee producers; this is one of many points of differentiation for the company. Even Walmart might be using ……
References
References
Aguilera, R, Rupp, D., Williams, C. & Ganapathi, J. (2005) Putting the S back in corporate social responsibility: A multi-level theory of social change in organizations. Academy of Management Review. (2005). Retrieved November 4, 2017 from https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/1768/TS_Aguilera.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
Banerjee, S. (2008) Corporate social responsibility: the good, bad and the ugly. Critical Sociology. Vol. 34 (1)
Blowfield, M., Frynas, J. (2005) Editorial setting new agendas: Critical perspectives on corporate social responsibility in the developing world. International Affairs. Vol. 81 (3) 499-513.
Brammer, S., Jackson, G. & Matten, D. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory: New perspectives on private governance. Socio-Economic Review. Vol. 10 (2012) 3-28.
Campbell, J. (2007) Why would corporations behave in socially responsible ways? An institutional theory of corporate social responsibility The Academy of Management Review. Vol. 32 (3) 946-967.
Epstein, E. (1987) The corporate social policy process: Beyond business ethics, corporate social responsibility, and corporate social responsiveness. California Management Review. Vol. 29 (3) 99.
Friedman, M. (1970) The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times Magazine. Retrieved November 4, 2017 from https://www.colorado.edu/studentgroups/libertarians/issues/friedman-soc-resp-business.html
Heningway, C. & Maclagan, P. (2004) Managers' personal values as drivers of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics. Vol. 50 (1) 33-44.
Study Document
What Followers Can Learn From Their Leaders During Crisis
… that selflessness and acknowledgment of the issue at hand was important.
The Int-1 also stated that he expected his leaders to conduct themselves ethical and humanely and to be transparent. This shows that workers need people who are honest, transparent, and trustworthy during crises. The interviewee also … empathetic by understanding the risks involved in his line of work and providing him and his workmates with additional personal protective gear and making themselves more available to deal with any concerns he or his workmates may have (Int-1).
Crises usually result in uncertainties, problems, and fears. … compassion and compassion and empathy are not the only things that followers need from their leaders, they also need leaders to act through making new policies or changes that show they are truly empathetic. This is captured in the response given by the second respondent, who states … to the third respondent. Leaders……
References
References
Birnbaum, T., & Friedman, H. H. (2014). Ezra and Nehemiah: Lessons in Moral and Spiritual Leadership. Available at SSRN 2390230.
Carrington, D. J., Combe, I. A., & Mumford, M. D. (2019). Cognitive shifts within leader and follower teams: Where consensus develops in mental models during an organizational crisis. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(3), 335-350.
Harter, J. (2019). Why Some Leaders Have Their Employees\\\\\\' Trust, and Some Don\\\\\\'t. Workplace. Gallup.
Hofmeyr, K., Cook, J., & Richardson, A. (2011). How leaders generate hope in their followers. South African Journal of Labour Relations, 35(2), 47-66.
Kranke, D., Gin, J., Der-Martirosian, C., Weiss, E. L., & Dobalian, A. (2020). VA social work leadership and compassion fatigue during the 2017 hurricane season. Social Work in Mental Health, 18(2), 188-199.
Patton, C. (2017). What made Nehemiah an effective leader?. Journal of Applied Christian Leadership, 1(1), 8-14.
Rogers, A. P., & Barber, L. K. (2019). Workplace intrusions and employee strain: the interactive effects of extraversion and emotional stability. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 32(3), 312-328.
Skeet, A. (2020, April 4). Ethical Followership in Times of Crisis. Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, Santa Clara University.
Study Document
Comparison Of Leadership Model And Styles
… model is essentially the exact opposite of the autocratic leadership model. The latter posits that the leader should assume total control of the decision-making process and issue orders to followers with the expectation that those orders will be executed…[break]…when I am not at my desk so that ……
References
References
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370.
Nawaz, Z. A. K. D. A., & Khan_ PhD, I. (2016). Leadership theories and styles: A literature review. Leadership, 16, 1-7.
Northouse, P. G. (2016). Leadership: Theory and practice (7th ed.). Thousand Oaks: CA: Sage Publications.
Reivich, K. J., Seligman, M. E., & McBride, S. (2011). Master resilience training in the US Army. American Psychologist, 66(1), 25.
Warrick, D. D. (2011). The urgent need for skilled transformational leaders: Integrating transformational leadership and organization development. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 8(5), 11-26
Study Document
Enterprise Risk Management In Wells Fargo During The Pandemic
… it was a quick way to enhance the firm’s revenue stream, but an ERM manager would have quickly seen this as a short-sighted, ethical and highly-risky way to increase revenue; for once customers realized how they were being taken advantage of they would sue and the company … so as to tailor its strategy one way or the other.
With traditional risk management, risk management is not the driver of the decision-making process at the executive and strategic levels. Instead, other inputs are analyzed and used to create the strategy, then the strategy is passed … is usually priced according to the volatility of the underlying. For very volatile stocks or financial instruments the premium can be quite high, making using the derivative for risk management purposes somewhat costly. As a speculative tool, however, derivatives can be quite effective, as Bill Ackman showed ……
References
References
Beasley, M. (2020). How to Leverage ERM Principles to Better Respond to COVID-19-Related Risks. ERM Professional Insights.
Derysh, I. (2020). Watchdog questions why Wells Fargo reported giving only one large PPP loan to a Black-owned business. Retrieved from https://www.salon.com/2020/07/22/watchdog-questions-why-wells-fargo-reported-giving-only-one-large-ppp-loan-to-a-black-owned-business/
English, C. (2020). Wells Fargo Forced to Cut Its Dividend After Fed Stress Test. Here’s What Other Banks Did. Retrieved from https://www.barrons.com/articles/wells-fargo-forced-to-cut-its-dividend-after-fed-stress-test-51593467664
Hall, J. (2007). Internal Auditing and ERM: Fitting in and Adding Value. Retrieved from https://global.theiia.org/about/about-the-iia/Public Documents/Sawyer_Award_2007.pdf
Kaplan, R. & Mikes, A. (2012). Managing risks: A new framework. Harvard Business Review, 3.
Lewis, M. (2010). The Big Short. NY: W. W. Norton.
Lundqvist, S. (2014). Abandoning Silos for Integration: Implementing Enterprise Risk Management and Risk Governance. Lund University.
Morgenson, G. (2020). More Wells Fargo customers say the bank decided to pause their mortgage payments without asking. Retrieved from https://www.nbcnews.com/business/personal-finance/more-wells-fargo-customers-say-bank-decided-pause-their-mortgage-n1234610
Study Document
Using Tactical Empathy And Effective Silence To Negotiate An Outcome
… important because it would only dehydrate and dull the senses. Among a group of sailors, the captain should have the most voice when making a decision about determining what items are most important, and just because the ship has sunk does not mean the captain has gone down with … a defensive strategy, which would put others on the offensive. Cooperation is best here because a favorable outcome relies on recognizing that any decision must be viewed as a win-win for all sides. Dismissing the needs of others will not help anyone—thus, if one party sees the … addressed earlier and had everyone done his homework, so to speak, and understood why certain items would be effective in prolonging one’s life.
decision making was not done in the democratic style but rather by a leader organically appearing to direct the negotiation process. Tactical empathy and effective … of any……
References
References
Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2014). Do role models matter? An investigation of role modeling as an antecedent of perceived ethical leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(4), 587-598.
Combs, J. P., Harris, S., & Edmonson, S. (2015). Four Essential Practices for Building Trust. Educational Leadership, 72(7), 18-22.
Fisher, R. & Ury, W. (1991). Getting to Yes. NY: Penguin.
Lunenburg, F. C. (2012). Power and leadership: An influence process. International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration, 15(1), 1-9.
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370.
Ritzer, G. & Stepnisky, J. (2017). Modern sociological theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Singh-Sengupta, S. (1997). Leadership: A Style or an Influence Process. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 265-286.
Study Document
Lincoln S Leadership Abilities Comparison And Contrast
...Ethical decision making Compare and Contrast Paper on Abraham Lincoln on Leadership
Introduction
Successful leadership, like any other endeavor, can be replicated. The recipe for such replication is the study and understanding of the leadership ideologies and approaches of successful leaders in the field of interest. One of the greatest leaders of modern civilization is Abraham Lincoln, and his method, life, and ideologies have been studied and proposed across multiple books and journals of leadership discipline. Lincoln on leadership is one of such studies that introduce the life of Abraham Lincoln as one of the most successful and memorable statesmen in American political history, and his success is examined under various contexts. Lincoln on leadership is the primary study for this paper; however, observations are made from other leadership literature to reinforce the author’s views on successful leadership, as illustrated through Abraham Lincoln.
Lincoln on leadership: synopsis
The author, Phillips (1992), introduces Abraham……
References
References
Maxwell, J.C. (2005). Ethics 101: What Every Leader Needs to Know. Center Street Publishing. ISBN: 9780446578097. Retrieved from: http://lasacoassurance.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/John_C._MaxwelEthics-101_-What-Every-Leader-Needs-to-K-1.pdf
Maxwell, J.C. (1998). The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership. Thomas Nelson Publishing. ISBN: 9780785288374. Retrieved from: https://www.speakersbase.com/uploads/3567e22e8083ad294bab525f9c0b631c57f40f2b1478780702.pdf
Northouse, P.G. (2012). Leadership: Theory and Practice. California, USA: publications Inc. ISBN: 9781483317533.
Phillips, D.T. (1992). Lincoln on Leadership. New York, NY: Warner Books. ISBN: 9780446394598
Study Document
Acting Right Or Wrong Way Moral Choices
… Choices
Introduction
Moral choice is a commitment to acting in a way considered to be either right or wrong. As a result, an ethical decision is concerned with less of what an individual knows and more about such an individual defiling what he/she considered her/himself to be. As … of what an individual knows and more about such an individual defiling what he/she considered her/himself to be. As a result, in moral choice-making, an individual will opt for the choice that promotes who they consider themself to be. There are, therefore, several ways to describe moral … an individual will opt for the choice that promotes who they consider themself to be. There are, therefore, several ways to describe moral decision; critical thinking, the divine command theory, relativism, and emotivism (Overberg, 2018). This paper is focused on critical thinking and, in particular, deductive and … understand the internal experiences……
References
References
Jin, D. (2016). The Limits of the Knowledge Generation Systems. In The Great Knowledge Transcendence (pp. 69-82). Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
Overberg, K. R. (2018). Conscience in conflict: how to make moral choices. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
Wheeler?Bell, Q. (2019). An Immanent Critique of Critical Pedagogy. Educational Theory, 69(3), 265-281.
Study Document
Cyber Espionage
… complex international problem in the modern world. Cyber espionage is largely viewed as a new intelligence gathering approach and strategy for national security decision. However, cyber espionage remains a form of cyberattack, which is legally and ethical unacceptable.
Research Question
How is cyber espionage an acceptable state behavior for intelligence gathering though it potentially damages relations between nation-states?
Purpose Statement
… gathering. [31: Michael Connell & Sarah Vogler, “Russia’s Approach to Cyber Warfare”, CNA Analysis and Solutions, 2017. https://www.cna.org/CNA_files/PDF/DOP-2016-U-014231-1Rev.pdf]
Probable Errors in Analysis or decision-making
As shown in the analysis, existing data provides explanations for the acceptability of cyber espionage as a state behavior based on three major … countermeasures. While these themes help to answer the research question, the employed research methodology and design could have included errors in analysis or decision-making. The qualitative case study design could result in errors in analysis or decision-making since it is……
References
Bibliography
Ablon, L. “Data Thieves: The Motivations of Cyber Threat Actors and Their Use and Monetization of Stolen Data.” RAND Corporation, March 2018. https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/testimonies/CT400/CT490/RAND_CT490.pdf
Agarwal A. & CERT-IN. “Cyber Espionage, Infiltration and Combating Techniques.” Indian Computer Emergency Response Team, 2013. https://www.cert-in.org.in/Downloader?pageid=5&type=2&fileName=CIPS-2013-0128.pdf
Banks, W.C. “Cyber Espionage and Electronic Surveillance: Beyond the Media Coverage.” Emory law Journal 66, (2017).
Baxter, P. & Jack, S. “Qualitative Case Study Methodology: Study Design and Implementation for Novice Researchers.” The Qualitative Report 13, no. 4 (2008).
Brown, G. “Spying and Fighting in Cyberspace: What is Which?” Journal of National Security Law & Policy 8, (2017).
Connell, M. & Vogler, S. “Russia’s Approach to Cyber Warfare.” CNA Analysis and Solutions, 2017. https://www.cna.org/CNA_files/PDF/DOP-2016-U-014231-1Rev.pdf
Creswell, J.W. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.
Diplomacy Data. “Cyber Security and Cyber Espionage in International Relations.” Diplomacy Data, 2015. http://diplomacydata.com/cyber-security-and-cyber-espionage-in-international-relations/
Study Document
Impact Of Agency Theory
Agency Theory
Agency theory refers to the relationship with the principle and the agent, where the principle delegates its financial decision making to the agent. In most cases, the agent is the owner/executive of the company while the principle is the shareholder. Challenging scenario arises … owner/executive of the company while the principle is the shareholder. Challenging scenario arises as there are two distinct sets of interest which cause decision making problems. Due to this complex and intricate relationship, conflicts of interest arises sometimes where the agent puts his interest before the principle’s causing … his interest before the principle’s causing problems to the principle sometimes. This is known as Principle-Agency Problem. It has long affected the key decision related to the firm where the agent and principle both have asymmetric interest, causing any one party to suffer at an extreme case.
… states that the goals of managers and……
References
References
Demsetz, R. S. (1997). Agency Problems and Risk Taking at Banks.
Heath, J. (n.d.). Uses and Abuses of Agency Theory. Business Ethics Quarterly.
Kuypers, A. (2011). How is dealt with the agency problem and what is the role of the board of directors in it?
Lumen. (n.d.). Agency and Conflicts of Interests. Lumen. Retrieved from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-finance/chapter/agency-and-conflicts-of-interest/
Murray, I. (2016, September ). Wells Fargo and the Principle Agent Problem. Competitive Enterprise Institute.
Palia, D. (2007). “Agency Theory in Banking: An Empirical Analysis of Moral Hazard and the Agency Costs of Equity. Banks and Banks System.
Pennsylvania, W. U. (2017, August 08). Wells Fargo: What It Will Take to Clean Up the Mess. Wharton University of Pensylvannia.
Study Document
Agency Theory And The Limitations Of Representative Government
… arises whenever one or more individuals, called principals, hire one or more other individuals, called agents, to perform some service and then delegate decision-making authority to the agents” (ProActive Solutions, 2020). In terms of representative government, the representatives of the people are the members of Congress—they are ……
References
References
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Agency theory: An assessment and review. Academy of management review, 14(1), 57-74.
Elwood, T. W. (2008). Politics of the US Federal Budget Process. International quarterly of community health education, 28(1), 3-12.
Jennings, M. (2008). Business Ethics: Case Studies and Selected Readings. Cengage.
Machold, S., Ahmed, P.K., & Farquhar, S.S. (2007). Corporate Governance and Ethics: A Feminist Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics (2008) 81:665-678.
ProActive Solutions. (2020). Agency theory. Retrieved from http://knowledgegrab.com/learners-zone/study-support/performance-management-review/framework-introduction-to-hrm/agency-theory/
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