Study Document
Morality of Counterintelligence ethical Implications and the Need for a Theoretical Framework
CI Literature Review
Deception is at the core of counterintelligence: yet, it is a problematic … Literature Review
Deception is at the core of counterintelligence: yet, it is a problematic core because of the corruption associated with deception in ethical systems. Mattox (2002), for example, observed that the practice of deception “is subject to limitations imposed by the demands of morality” (4). Unfortunately, … which the art of deception can create problems within the intelligence community (Morley 2017, 69). Within this community itself there is no standard ethical framework applied (Bailey and Galich 2012, 77). In counterintelligence, there is even less emphasis on ethical cohesion; as Valentine (2016) has revealed, the history of US counterintelligence is fraught with conflicts of interest, human failings, ulterior motives, problematic relationships, … closely with private industry to engage effectively in its official……
Bibliography
2020-2022 National Counterintelligence Strategy of the United States. 2020. Washington, DC: National Counterintelligence and Security Center
Bailey, Christopher and Susan M. Galich. 2012. “Codes of Ethics: The Intelligence Community.” International Journal of Intelligence Ethics 35 (2): 77-99.
Bernardi, Beatrice. 2013. \\\\\\"The Role of Intelligence in the Fight Against International Terrorism: Legal Profiles.\\\\\\" Bachelor\\\\\\'s thesis, Università Ca\\\\\\'Foscari Venezia.
Carson, Thomas L. 2010. Lying and Deception: Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press.
Erskine, Toni. 2004. \\\\\\"\\\\\\'As Rays of Light to the Human Soul\\\\\\'? Moral Agents and Intelligence Gathering.\\\\\\" Intelligence & National Security 19 (2): 359-381.
Godson, Roy, and James J. Wirtz. 2000. \\\\\\"Strategic denial and deception.\\\\\\" International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 13 (4): 424-437.
Horkheimer, Max. 1972. Critical Theory. New York: Seabury Press.
Intelligence and National Security Alliance. 2020. Counterintelligence for the 21st Century. Arlington, VA.
Study Document
Why ethical Egoism is a Problematic Framework for Intelligence
CI Literature Review
Introduction
The aim of this examination of the literature is to fill the …
Introduction
The aim of this examination of the literature is to fill the wide gap that remains in counterintelligence research regarding an appropriate ethical standard that can guide and foster an ethical culture, as called for by Bellaby (2012) and Valentine (2016). The purpose of this review is to identify the lessons that have been … for this study is: How can the US counterintelligence enterprise support collaboration among the various USIC members and the private sector in an ethical and productive manner? The ultimate purpose of this study is to propose a standardized ethical framework for guiding the counterintelligence program as it works to collaborate with the private sector in the 21st century. Therefore, the themes this … of Deception
Deception is at……
Bibliography
2020-2022 National Counterintelligence Strategy of the United States. 2020. Washington, DC: National Counterintelligence and Security Center
Bailey, Christopher and Susan M. Galich. 2012. “Codes of Ethics: The Intelligence Community.” International Journal of Intelligence Ethics 35 (2): 77-99.
Bernardi, Beatrice. 2013. "The Role of Intelligence in the Fight Against International Terrorism: Legal Profiles." Bachelor's thesis, Università Ca'Foscari Venezia.
Carson, Thomas L. 2010. Lying and Deception: Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press.
Cohen, Shlomo. 2016. "Are There Moral Limits to Military Deception?." Philosophia 44 (4): 1305-1318.
Coyne, John, Peter Bell, and Shannon Merrington. 2013. "Exploring ethics in intelligence and the role of leadership." Interntional Journal of Business and Commerce 2 (10): 27-37.
Erskine, Toni. 2004. "'As Rays of Light to the Human Soul'? Moral Agents and Intelligence Gathering." Intelligence & National Security 19 (2): 359-381.
Godson, Roy, and James J. Wirtz. 2000. "Strategic denial and deception." International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 13 (4): 424-437.
Study Document
… potentially poor sources of information. Compounding the problem is that only 13 states currently require sexual education to be “medically accurate,” presenting clear ethical problems for educators and administrators (“America’s Sex Education: How We Are Failing Our Students,” 2017, p. 1).
Sexual education is about a lot … and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases is a primary objective of sexual education, but not the only reason why it is an ethical imperative. Sexual education allows young people to make informed choices. Moreover, comprehensive sexual education teaches children about communication skills, relationships skills, self-empowerment strategies, … that sexuality is an inherent part of human life, there is really no reason not to teach sexual education in public schools. All ethical perspectives, from deontological to utilitarian, would support comprehensive sexual education in American public schools.
Why Is Sexual Education Controversial?
If sexual education is … problem in itself. However, abstinence-only……
References
Abbott, K., Ellis, S. J., & Abbott, R. (2016). “We”ve got a lack of family values’: an examination of how teachers formulate and justify their approach to teaching sex and relationships education. Sex Education, 16(6), 678–691. doi:10.1080/14681811.2016.1169398
“America’s Sex Education: How We Are Failing Our Students,” (2017). USC Department of Nursing. Retrieved from https://nursing.usc.edu/blog/americas-sex-education/
Bauman, S.D. (2018). When sex ed pretends to be secular. Senior Independent Study Theses. Paper 8059. Retrieved from https://openworks.wooster.edu/independentstudy/8059
Kirby, D. B. (2008). The impact of abstinence and comprehensive sex and STD/HIV education programs on adolescent sexual behavior. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 5(3), 18-27
Lepore, J. (2015). The facts of life. 94 Foreign Aff. 144 (2015).
National Conference of State Legislatures (2019). State policies on sex education in schools. Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-policies-on-sex-education-in-schools.aspx
Pardini, P. (2019). The history of sexuality education. Rethinking Schools. Retrieved from http://rethinkingschools.aidcvt.com/sex/sexhisto.shtml
Planned Parenthood (2019). What is sex education? Retrieved from https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/for-educators/what-sex-education
Study Document
End-of-Life decision Making for Minors When the Minor Should be the decision Maker
Today, the right of adults to refuse medical treatment when they feel it is not in their best interests is universally acknowledged, … particularly contentious because the vast majority of adults in the United States believe that children need and deserve special protections that preclude end-of-life decision. Drawing on a virtue theoretical framework, the purpose of this paper is to examine the arguments in support of and against allow minors … virtue theoretical framework, the purpose of this paper is to examine the arguments in support of and against allow minors to make end-of-life decision for themselves, followed by a summary of the research and important findings concerning this issue in the conclusion.
Review and Analysis
On the …
Review and Analysis
On the one hand, there are increasing calls to allow young people to actively participate……
References
Black’s law dictionary. (1990). St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Company.
Bryden, J. (2016, February 25). Medical help in dying should be widely available, with few restrictions: Report. The Canadian Press, 6.
Hursthouse, R. & Pettigrove, G. (2018, Winter). Virtue ethics. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2018/entries/ethics-virtue .
Katz, A. L. & Webb, S. A. (2016, August). Informed consent in decision-making in pediatric practice. Pediatrics, 138(2), 30-37.
Lemmens, C. (2009, September). End- of- life decisions and minors: do minors have the right to refuse life preserving medical treatment? A comparative study. Medical Law Review, 28(3), 479-497.
Physician-assisted suicide. (2019). CNN. Retrieved from https://www.cnn.com/2014/11/26/us/ physician-assisted-suicide-fast-facts/index.html.
Salsberry, P. J. (1999, January 1). Caring, virtue theory, and a foundation for nursing ethics. Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice, 6(2), 155-160.
Williams, Z. (2012, October 25). Early puberty: why are kids growing up faster? The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2012/oct/25/early-puberty-growing-up-faster .
Study Document
… four days down the line. The hit triggered criticisms of the Trump administration of how he was using his diplomatic, executive powers and ethical judgment in leadership. He was accused of a poorly planned strategy in Iran (Blazakis, 2020). This paper focuses on three important issues; 1) … on three important issues; 1) Whether the executive order by President Trump was an effective use of his executive powers, diplomatic strategy and ethical leadership, 2) Whether the killing of General Soleiman amounted to inhibiting the U.S. interest in the region or promoted it, 3) whether the … leadership role.
Diplomatic leadership
It seems that the world view of President Trump of International Relations is limited. He is not tactical in decision making. He sacks key military and political figures in an unorthodox fashion and thus undermines his administration's ability to deliver trusted service to the … analysis has been guided……
References
Jahanbani, N. (2020). Beyond Soleimani: Implications for Iran\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Proxy Network in Iraq and Syria. CTC Perspectives.
Vladeck, S. I. (2004). Emergency Power and the Militia Acts. Yale LJ, 114, 149.
Brands, H. (2019). Why America Can\\\\\\\\\\\\" t Quit the Middle East. Hoover Institution, 21.
Tillman, S. P. (1982). The United States in the Middle East: Interests and Obstacles (Vol. 82). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Terry, J. P. (1986). Countering State-Sponsored Terrorism: A Law-Policy Analysis. Naval L. Rev., 36, 159.
Maogoto, J. N. (2003). War on the enemy: self-defense and state-sponsored terrorism. Melb. J. Int\\\\\\\\\\\\'l L., 4, 406.
Lillich, R. B., & Paxman, J. M. (1976). State Responsibility for Injuries to Aliens Occasioned by Terrorist Activities. Am. U.L. Rev., 26, 217.
Parker, C. & Noack, R. (2020, January 2). Iran has invested in allies and proxies across the Middle East. Here\\\\\\\\\\\\'s where they stand after Soleimani\\\\\\\\\\\\'s death. Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2020/01/03/iran-has-invested-allies-proxies-across-middle-east-heres-where-they-stand-after-soleimanis-death/
Study Document
… the workers and the organization is achieved (Prussia, Anderson & Manz, 1998).
Leadership styles are not the only influence processes. Others include direct decision-making, allocating resources, implementing a reward system, identifying and promoting leaders from within, and role modeling (Brown & Trevino, 2014; Kameda, Ohtsubo & Takezawa, … and authoritative, like Alex Gorsky of J&J, will rub some followers the wrong way but will be appreciated by others for being a decision maker. Influence is a highly personal exchange, and no two relationships will be alike.
Methodology Used to Identify and Research the Leaders Selected
… specific goals in a given…[break]…a big issue that has to be addressed and leaders should focus on strengthening personalities that have a more ethical approach to leadership. Otherwise the implications for allowing Egoistic personalities to lead the company are that the needs of stakeholders who are not … will prevent egos from running……
References
Bromley, H. R. (2007). Are you a transformational leader?. Physician Executive, 33(6), 54.
Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2014). Do role models matter? An investigation of role modeling as an antecedent of perceived ethical leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(4), 587-598.
Chamers, M.M. (2014). An Integrative Theory of Leadership (4thed.). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
De Vries, M.F.K. (1998). Charisma in action: The transformational abilities of Virgin's Richard Branson and ABB's Percy Barnevik. Organizational Dynamics, 26(3), 7-21.
Healthcare Technology Report. (2019). Alex Gorsky is the all-American CEO. Retrieved from https://thehealthcaretechnologyreport.com/alex-gorsky-is-the-all-american-ceo/
Holmes, A. (2007). Ethics: Approaching moral decisions. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.
Kameda, T., Ohtsubo, Y., & Takezawa, M. (1997). Centrality in sociocognitive networks and social influence: An illustration in a group decision-making context. Journal of personality and social psychology, 73(2), 296.
Kolodny, L. (2018). Elon Musk’s extreme micromanagement has wasted time and money at Tesla, insiders say. Retrieved from https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/19/tesla-ceo-elon-musk-extreme-micro-manager.html
Study Document
… shows that men are by far more likely to be the perpetrators of the sexual abuse of elders (Malmedal, Iversen & Kilvik, 2015).
ethical Dimensions
Why Is Elder Abuse An ethical Issue?
On the surface, elder abuse appears to be a cut-and-dry ethical issue. However, the different phenomena comprising elder abuse are far more complex than it would seem. Not all cases of elder abuse involve … verbal abuse and aggression. Financial abuse and psychological abuse vary in their severity; moreover, cultural differences may impact perceptions of abuse. Competency creates ethical dilemmas, particularly when it comes to the decision-making capacity of elders due to cognitive decline and the legal role that family members play in healthcare decision (Forum on Global Violence Prevention; Board on Global Health, 2014).
Healthcare workers and caregivers are also not always the perpetrators of elder abuse. … numbers of seniors in…[break]…elders—particularly women—have tolerated behaviors that……
References
Falk, N. L., Baigis, J., Kopac, C., (August 14, 2012) \\\\\\\\\\\\"Elder Mistreatment and the Elder Justice Act\\\\\\\\\\\\" OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing 17(3).
Forum on Global Violence Prevention; Board on Global Health; Institute of Medicine; National Research Council (2014). Ethical considerations. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2014 Mar 18.
Lacher, S., Wettstein, A., Senn, O., et al. (2016). Types of abuse and risk factors associated with elder abuse. Swiss Medical Weekly 2016(146): 1-10.
Lachs, M.S., Teresi, J.A., Ramirez, M., et al. (2016). The prevalence of ersident-to-resident elder mistreatment in nursing homes. Annals of Internal Medicine 165(4):229-236.
Malmedal, W., Iversen, M.H. & Kilvik, A. (2014). Sexual abuse of older nursing home residents: A literature review. Nursing Research and Practice 2015(Article 902515): http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/902515
Roberto, K.A. (2016). The complexities of elder abuse. American Psychologist 71(4): 302-311.
Saghafi, A., Bahramnezhad, F., Poormollamirza, A., et al. (2019). Examining the ethical challenges in managing elder abuse: a systematic review. Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine 2019(12): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6642445/
Wangmo, T., Nordstrom, K. & Kressig, R.W. (2017). Preventing elder abuse and neglect in geriatric institutions: Solutions from nursing care providers. Geriatric Nursing 38(5): 385-392.
Study Document
… ever again except perhaps in response to a first strike by another country. What is left in the wake of this line of decision making are mere humans covered only by thin layers of olive drab who rely on their political leaders to make informed decision and honestly share their reasoning with them and their families and friends back home. The actions by the U.S. government with respect to ……
References
Curtis, J. (2015, November). Reflecting on strategic results of Operation Desert Storm. Army, 65(11), 24-27.
Khan, H. (2011, July 1). An unbiased estimate of present American competitiveness from deontological and teleological perspectives of utilitarianism. Competition Forum, 9(2), 348-352.
Klotzer, C. L. (2002, October). A lesson for Americans: Desert Storm operation reports were full of lies and distortions. St. Louis Journalism Review, 32(250), 34-39.
Lindsey, J. M. & Smith, C. (2003, Summer). Rally 'round the flag: Opinion in the United States before and after the Iraq War. Brookings Review, 21(3), 20-24.
Operation Desert Storm. (2020). U.S. History. Retrieved from https://www.ushistory.org/ us/60a.asp.
Stilwell, B. (2015, September 12). 21 facts about the first Gulf War. Military.com. Retrieved from https://www.military.com/undertheradar/2015/09/21-facts-about-the-first-gulf-war .
Taylor, A. (2016, January 14). Operation Desert Storm: 25 years since the first Gulf War. The Atlantic. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2016/01/operation-desert-storm-25-years-since-the-first-gulf-war/424191/ .
Tilford, K. H., Jr. (1993, Summer). Review: The meaning of victory in Operation Desert Storm: A review essay. Political Science Quarterly, 108(2), 327-331.
Study Document
… an evaluation of how the research work contributes to scientific knowledge and research theory, its dependability and credibility, approaches to deal with any ethical concerns relating to the research, and how the researchers applied different techniques of inquiry.
Advancement of the scientific knowledge base
The research work … scientific knowledge base
The research work adds to the literature on the subject through examining the issue of patient participation in the health-related decision?making process in the course of primary care team interactions with patients and their informal caregivers within the primary patient care setting. Here, patient … findings challenging accepted theories. Thus, this study has a pivotal part to play in adding to the theory revolving around patient participation in decision- making during interactions in the primary care setting.
This study contributes significantly to theoretical advancement, particularly concerning patient engagement in care-related decision making. With time, patient care transformed from……
References
Brook, R. H., & Vaiana, M. E. (2015). Using the knowledge base of health services research to redefine health care systems. Journal of general internal medicine, 30(10), 1547-1556.
Cutcliffe, J. R., & McKenna, H. P. (1999). Establishing the credibility of qualitative research findings: the plot thickens. Journal of advanced nursing, 30(2), 374-380.
Doekhie, K. D., Strating, M. M., Buljac?Samardzic, M., van de Bovenkamp, H. M., & Paauwe, J. (2018). The different perspectives of patients, informal caregivers, and professionals on patient involvement in primary care teams. A qualitative study. Health Expectations, 21(6), 1171-1182.
Eccles, M., Grimshaw, J., Walker, A., Johnston, M., & Pitts, N. (2005). Changing the behavior of healthcare professionals: the use of theory in promoting the uptake of research findings. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 58(2), 107-112.
Leedy, P.D. & Ormrod, J. E. (2019). Practical research: Planning and design, 12th edition. Pearson Education, Hudson Street, NY.
Sanjari, M., Bahramnezhad, F., Fomani, F. K., Shoghi, M., & Cheraghi, M. A. (2014). Ethical challenges of researchers in qualitative studies: The necessity to develop a specific guideline. Journal of medical ethics and history of medicine, 7.
Swan, J., Clarke, A., Nicolini, D., Powell, J., Scarbrough, H., Roginski, C., ... & Taylor-Phillips, S. (2012). Evidence in Management Decisions (EMD): advancing knowledge utilization in healthcare management.
Thomas, D. R. (2017). Feedback from research participants: are member checks useful in qualitative research?. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 14(1), 23-41.
Study Document
… associated faculty within that department. Other extenuating circumstances that would legally permit the institution to terminate tenured faculty would be serious legal or ethical violations. Otherwise, though, tenured faculty enjoy greater job security and benefits versus their non-tenured colleagues.
According to the American Association of University Professors … need not always conflict with institutional rights to manage financial exigencies, but often do. Administrators will occasionally face uncomfortable or compromising situations involving decision such as whether or how to terminate tenured faculty for financial reasons. In situations like these, tenured faculty have some legal rights such … Institutions of higher learning are fundamental features of any democracy. The advancement of research does depend on strong and fiscally wise management, but decision made by administrators should never place profitability over the values inherent in higher education. Faced with financial exigency, universities and colleges have a ……
References
Alleman, N.F. & Haviland, D. (2017). “I expect to be engaged as an equal”: collegiality expectations of full-time, non-tenure-track faculty members. High Educ (2017) 74: 527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-016-0062-4
American Association of University Professors (AAUP 2019). Tenure. Retrieved from: https://www.aaup.org/issues/tenure
Curnalia, R. M. L., & Mermer, D. (2018). Renewing our commitment to tenure, academic freedom, and shared governance to navigate challenges in higher education. Review of Communication, 18(2), 129–139.doi:10.1080/15358593.2018.1438645
Eastman, N. J., & Boyles, D. (2015). In defense of academic freedom and faculty governance: John Dewey, the 100th anniversary of the AAUP, and the Threat of Corporatization
Mitchell, M., Palacios, V. & Leachman, M. (2015). States are still funding higher education below pre-recession levels. Journal of Collective Bargaining in the Academy, April 2015, Article 71. Retrieved from: https://thekeep.eiu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1524&context=jcba
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