Community Policing Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Victims Of Homelessness
...Community policing Homelessness is an issue that has persisted in the United States because of the ever-changing demographic factors and economic circumstances. The composition and size of the homeless population in the country continues to change due to these varying factors. Over the past decade, homelessness has attracted public attention given the dramatic increase in the number and composition of victims. While numerous efforts have been undertaken to address the issue, homelessness remains a major problem for policymakers and the public. An important element in dealing with the problem of homelessness is understanding victimization and its contributing factors. Through understanding victimization, policymakers and other stakeholders will develop suitable policies and approaches to address homelessness. This paper explores street crime victimization of homeless women and children.
Importance of the Issue
According to Stanley et al. (2016), homelessness is an ongoing problem facing the United States as the size of the homeless population continues……
References
References
Bachega, H. (2018, October 8). Homeless in US: A Deepening Crisis on the Streets of America. BBC. Retrieved November 22, 2019, from https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-45442596
Bendix, A. (2019, November 18). The 9 States with the Worst Homelessness Crises Reveal How Bad the Housing Crunch Has Gotten in US Cities. Business Insider. Retrieved November 22, 2019, https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-homelessness-states-worst-crises-2018-11?IR=T
Ellsworth, J.T. (2018, December 3). Street Crime Victimization Among Homeless Adults: A Review of the Literature. Victims & Offenders: An International Journal of Evidence-based Research, Policy and Practice, 14(1), 96-118.
Family & Youth Services Bureau. (2016, June 24). Domestic Violence and Homelessness: Statistics (2016). Retrieved from U.S. Department of Health and Human Services website: https://www.acf.hhs.gov/fysb/resource/dv-homelessness-stats-2016
Norris, S. (2019, September 9). Women Fleeing Abuse Are Being ‘re-traumatized’ by the Housing System. City Metric. Retrieved November 22, 2019, from https://www.citymetric.com/politics/women-fleeing-abuse-are-being-re-traumatised-housing-system-4769
Stanley, J.L., Jansson, A.V., Akinyemi, A.A. & Mitchell, C.S. (2016, November). Characteristics of Violent Deaths Among Homeless People in Maryland, 2003-2011. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 51(5), S260-S266.
Turner, M.M., Funge, S.P. & Gabbard, W.J. (2018). Victimization of the Homeless: Perceptions, Policies, and Implications for Social Work Practice. Journal of Social Work in the Global Community, 3(1), 1-12.
Tyler, K.A. & Beal, M.R. (2010). The High-risk Environment of Homeless Young Adults: Consequences for Physical and Sexual Victimization. Violence and Victims, 25(1), 101-115.
Study Document
General Strain Theory Bullying Childhood Abuse
… the source of the strain, or alleviating negative emotions. GST has been applied to a scope of problems like explaining race/ethnicity, age, gender, community, and societal differences in crime rates. GST has also been applied to many crime and deviance types like police deviance, suicide, bullying, corporate ……
References
References
Agnew, R. (2002). Experienced, vicarious, and anticipated strain: An exploratory study on physical victimization and delinquency. Justice Quarterly, 19(4), 603-632.
Agnew, R. (2007). Pressured into crime: An overview of general strain theory. Los Angeles,CA: Roxbury.
Cullen, F. T., Unnever, J. D., Hartman, J. L., Turner, M. G., & Agnew, R. (2008). Gender, bullying victimization, and juvenile delinquency: A test of general strain theory. Victims and Offenders, 3(4), 346-364.
Warner, B. D., & Fowler, S. K. (2003). Strain and violence: Testing a general strain theory model of community violence. Journal of Criminal Justice, 31(6), 511-521.
Watts, S. J., & McNulty, T. L. (2013). Childhood abuse and criminal behavior: Testing a general strain theory model. Journal of interpersonal violence, 28(15), 3023-3040.
Study Document
Criminology Theory
… all the brutality was justified exploiting the 13h amendment, in the name of law and order. The expanding infrastructure for crime prevention and community safety is seen when the mass incarceration is carried out, locking down many African Americans on minor offenses. The transformation of criminology thought ……
Study Document
Solitary Confinement And Mental Health Issues In Corrections
… through supervised release (MN, 2020). Social justice suggests that former prisoners be given support as they shift their lives from prison to the community, and the supervised release programs facilitates that goal as well as the criminal justice objective of rehabilitation.
Another example of social justice among … among the vulnerable and underserved prison population is Kingman Prison in Arizona. As Rich et al. (2014) note, “drawing incarcerated populations into the community health care framework is critical for the nation, and it is especially relevant for poor communities, communities of color, and other socially marginalized … to improve their own lives.
Conclusion
The corrections industry, whether private or state-run, has a responsibility to reach social goals that benefit the community and the prisoner alike. Since the formation of the corrections system reform and rehabilitation have been goals, though punitive approaches have also been ……
References
References
Clemmer, D. (1940). The prison community. New Braunfels, TX: Christopher Publishing House.
Compton, M. T., Anderson, S., Broussard, B., Ellis, S., Halpern, B., Pauselli, L., . . .Johnson, M. (2017). A potential new form of jail diversion and reconnection to mental health services: II. Demonstration of feasibility. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 35(5–6), 492–500. doi:10.1002/bsl.2319
Corrections Arizona Department. (2020). Retrieved from https://corrections.az.gov/location/110/kingman
Dryburgh, M. (2009). Policy implications of whistle-blowing: The case of Corcoran State Prison. Public Integrity, 11(2): 155-170.
Fantel, H. (1974). William Penn: Apostle of Dissent. NY: William Morrow & Co. Florida Department of Corrections. (2020). Retrieved from
https://twitter.com/FL_Corrections/status/1234884340296843266
Hensley, J. & Rough, G. (2011). Kingman prison still under scrutiny. Retrieved from http://archive.azcentral.com/news/articles/2011/01/30/20110130kingman-prison-still-under-scrutiny0130.html
HIV among Incarcerated Populations. (2015). CDC. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/group/correctional.html
Study Document
Treatment Versus Punishment
… is to promote prosocial attitudes. As Fritz (2015) points out, diverting children away from incarceration is a service to them and to the community because it promotes a more humane vision of what society should be about and it demonstrates to the juvenile that the world is … posits when applying Strain Theory to why juveniles engage in crime.
Types of Punishment
Types of punishment include: incarceration, home confinement, electronic monitoring, community service, probation, diversion programs (though this can also fall under the treatment category in some cases), or placement in a foster home. Punishment ……
References
References
Agnew, R. (2008). Strain Theory. In V. Parrillo (Ed.), Encyclopedia of social problems. (pp. 904-906). Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
Cramer, M. (2014). Parole Board releases 2nd man convicted of murder as juvenile. Retrieved from https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/08/06/parole-board-releases-man-convicted-murder-while-juvenile/REwVVe3aR9leuRVMpZsN6O/story.html
Diskin, M. (2018). New law will put limits. Retrieved from https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/2018/10/11/new-california-law-means-teen-suspect-oxnard-murders-cannot-tried-adult/1535518002/
Fritz, J. K. (2015). Diverting young offenders from prison is ‘smart justice.’ Education Digest, 81(2), 53-55.
Jannetta, J., & Okeke, C. (2017). Strategies for Reducing Criminal and Juvenile Justice Involvement. Building Ladders of Opportunity for Young People in the Great Lakes States, brief, 4. Retrieved from https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/94516/strategies-for-reducing-criminal-and-juvenile-justice-involvement_2.pdf " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
War On Drugs
...Community policing War on Drugs Futile Failing and Nefariously Linked to the War on Terror
Effectiveness of the War on Drugs
Outline
I. Introduction
A. History of drugs, cross-cultural perspective
1. Opium wars
2. Since Nixon, the modern “war on drugs”
3. History of drug use in different societies
B. History of government intervention in the private lives of individuals via drug policy.
C. Effects of the war on drugs
1. Is it effective? Quantify the deaths related to the WOD, as well as the social entropy in communities, families, and within individuals
2. Criminalization distracting attention from more central concerns linked to capitalism, psychological wellbeing, and healthcare.
3. National sovereignty issues and global perspective
II. Theoretical Discussion
A. Race, class, power perspectives
B. Government, public policy, global affairs
C. Criminalization, justice
D. Other sociological issues
1. Organized crime and terrorism
2. White collar crime (tobacco and pharmaceutical industries)
III. Literature Review……
References
References
ACLU (2020). Against drug prohibition. Retrieved from: https://www.aclu.org/other/against-drug-prohibition
“America is At War,” (n.d.). Retrieved from: https://web.stanford.edu/class/e297c/poverty_prejudice/paradox/htele.html
Bambauer, J. Y. (2012). How the war on drugs distorts privacy law. Stanford Law Review 62(2012). Retrieved from: https://www.stanfordlawreview.org/online/how-the-war-on-drugs-distorts-privacy-law/
Benson, B.L., Kim., I., Rasmussen, D.W., et al. (1992, 2006). Is property crime caused by drug use or by drug enforcement policy? Applied Economics 24(7): 679-692.
Best, D., Irving, J. & Albertson, K. (2016). Recovery and desistance: what the emerging recovery movement in the alcohol and drug area can learn from models of desistance from offending. Addiction Research & Theory 25(1): 1-10.
Coomber, R., Moyle, L., Belackova, V., et al. (2018). The burgeoning recognition and accommodation of the social supply of drugs in international criminal justice systems: An eleven-nation comparative overview. International Journal of Drug Policy 58(2018): 98-103.
Coyne, C.J. & Hall, A. R. (2017). Four decades and counting. CATO Institute. Retrieved from: https://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/four-decades-counting-continued-failure-war-drugs
Farabee, D., Prendergast, M. & Anglin, M.D. (1998). The effectiveness of coerced treatment for drug-abusing offenders. 62 Fed. Probation 3 (1998).
Study Document
Evolution Of Forensic Science
… forensic analysis. Interestingly, the methods that had been used in forensic science until relatively recently had yet to be vetted by the scientific community. Instead, the standards of validity and reliability were established by members of the legal and criminal justice systems (Bell, Sah, Albright, et al., … data (Ballantyne, Edmond & Found, 2017). The CSI effect might effect the ways criminal justice professionals who are not members of the scientific community perceive the reliability and validity of forensic science methods, but the proliferation of junk science is more likely due to global factors related …
Conclusions
The future of forensic science depends on the establishment of stricter standards and a commitment to scientific literacy within the criminal justice community. Whether or not the CSI effect is real, forensic science needs to clean up its own act by interjecting the means by which ……
References
References
Ballantyne, K. N., Edmond, G., & Found, B. (2017). Peer review in forensic science. Forensic Science International, 277, 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.05.020
Bell, S., Sah, S., Albright, T. D., Gates, S. J., Jr, Denton, M. B., & Casadevall, A. (2018). A call for more science in forensic science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of The United States of America, 115(18), 4541–4544. https://doi.org//10.1073/pnas.1712161115
Gaensslen, R. E., & Larsen, K. (2019). Introductory forensic science (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://content.ashford.edu/
Kaplan , A. B., & Puracal, J. C. (2018). It’s not a match: Why the law can’t let go of junk science. Albany Law Review, 81(3), 895–939. Retrieved from http://www.albanylawreview.org/Pages/home.aspx
National Research Council 2009. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/12589 .
Redmayne, M., Roberts, P., Aitken, C., & Jackson, G. (2011). Forensic science evidence in question. Criminal Law Review 5, 347–356 Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Graham_Jackson6/publication/265654577_Forensic_Science_Evidence_in_Question/links/55006b8d0cf2aee14b548b62/Forensic-Science-Evidence-in-Question.pdf
Shelton, D. E. (2008, March). The ‘CSI effect:’ Does it really exist?. NIJ Journal, 259. Retrieved from https://www.nij.gov/journals/259/pages/csi-effect.aspx#author
Study Document
Why Social Justice Matters In Corrections
… rehabilitation, social justice, and alternative sentencing. Restorative justice for instance can be a positive approach in alternative sentencing but the culture of the community has to be behind it for it to be implemented (Johnson et al., 2015). That requires education and lawmakers and administrators who are … of program. The more people in leadership positions who can get behind it the more likely it is to gain traction in the community.
References
Johnson, T., Quintana, E., Kelly, D. A., Graves, C., Schub, O., Newman, P., & Casas, C. (2015). Restorative Justice Hubs Concept Paper. Revista……
References
References
Johnson, T., Quintana, E., Kelly, D. A., Graves, C., Schub, O., Newman, P., & Casas, C. (2015). Restorative Justice Hubs Concept Paper. Revista de Mediación, 8(2), 2340-9754.
Seiter, R. P. (2014). Private prisons: Myths, realities & educational opportunities for inmates. Saint Louis University Public Law Review, 33(1), 415–428.
Study Document
White Collar Crime And The Department Of Education
...Community policing White Collar Crime
A grade fixing scandal emerged at William Cullen Bryant High School in Long Island City in 2015. The principal of the school, Namita Dwarka, had been adamant with teachers that they help students to pass so that they can meet their graduation quotas (Gonen, Edelman & Golding, 2015). Several teachers and some students began to speak out about the pressure they were getting from the principal. Mary Bozoyan was one of them. She blew the whistle on what became known as the grade fixing scandal at William Cullen Bryant. Her reward was retaliation from the principal (Edelman, 2015). This paper will describe the issues and criminal activity that really goes all the way up the chain of command to the Department of Education. The major issues concern falsifying student grades but more importantly the quid pro quo conditions placed on schools and states by the federal government,……
References
References
Edelman, S. (2015). School ‘retaliates’ against disabled teacher for criticizing principal. Retrieved from https://nypost.com/2015/11/01/school-retaliates-against-disabled-teacher-for-criticizing-principal/
Gonen, Y., Edelman, S. & Golding, B. (2015). City finally decides to probe rampant grade-fixing. Retrieved from https://nypost.com/2015/08/03/city-finally-decides-to-probe-rampant-grade-fixing/
Granata, K. (2015). Queens Community Demands Removal of High School Principal. Retrieved from https://www.educationworld.com/a_news/queens-community-demand-removal-high-school-principal
Study Document
The Juvenile Justice System
… negative side of restorative justice the way other researchers have. Instead it highlights the positives of restorative justice and how people in the community can feel a sense of empowerment when helping to produce a change for good in their community on their own terms without relying on the courts. Thus, this article will be helpful for the thesis by showing that restorative justice ……
Improve your studying and writing skills
We have over 150,000+ study documents to help you.
Sign Up for FREE
