Attack Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Homeland Defense And Private Security After September 11 Attacks
Introduction
The most significant terrorist attack on American soil was the September 11 attacks by Al Qaeda terrorists. The attacks changed the perception that America cannot suffer such attacks, considering how far away it is from where terrorist organizations such as Al Qaeda are based. The attacks also initiated America’s war against terrorism, which continues to date. Before the September 11 attacks, Americans had never experienced a large scale terrorist incident within their country’s borders. Moreover, most local and state security agencies had no experience … never experienced a large scale terrorist incident within their country’s borders. Moreover, most local and state security agencies had no experience with such attacks and were, therefore, very ill-prepared to respond to them. The only historic attacks or incidents that compare to the September 11 attacks were the airplane hijackings of the seventies and the eighties. The fact that Americans were not prepared and……
References
References
Chanley, V. (2002). Trust in Government in the Aftermath of 9/11: Determinants and Consequences. Political Psychology, 23(3), 469-483. Retrieved May 11, 2020, from https://www.jstor.org/stable/3792588
Dugulin, R., & Niglia, A. (2015, May 17). The private sector in the protection of critical infrastructure - GRI. Global Risk Insights. https://globalriskinsights.com/2015/05/the-private-sectors-vital-role-in-the-protection-of-critical-infrastructure/
Gramlich, J. (2018, September 11). Since 9/11, Americans have seen anti-terrorism policy as a top priority. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/09/11/defending-against-terrorism-has-remained-a-top-policy-priority-for-americans-since-9-11/
Morgan, D. (2019). Homeland Security Research and Development: Homeland Security Issues in the 116th Congress. Current Politics and Economics of the United States, Canada, and Mexico, 21(1), 43-46.
Moteff, J., Copeland, C., & Fischer, J. (2003, January). Critical infrastructures: What makes an infrastructure critical?. Library of Congress Washington DC Congressional Research Service.
Study Document
Weapons Of Mass Destruction WMD Antifa
Weapons of Mass Destruction
1
An electro-magnetic pulse (EMP) attack could crash the American economy and bring virtually every industry to a standstill—such is the reliance of modern business upon the digital infrastructure. … economy and bring virtually every industry to a standstill—such is the reliance of modern business upon the digital infrastructure. Thus, considering an EMP attack is something that government should take very seriously. As more and more of the world becomes dependent upon cyber infrastructure for the maintenance … upon technology and that this overreliance can actually compromise a country’s progress and increase its risk of falling into ruin should a sudden attack like an EMP attack hit where it hurts most? Absolutely—and both state and non-state actors know that, which is why either one could conduct a high altitude … where it hurts most? Absolutely—and both state and non-state actors know that, which is why either……
References
References
Chatfield, A. T., Reddick, C. G., & Brajawidagda, U. (2015, May). Tweeting propaganda, radicalization and recruitment: Islamic state supporters multi-sided twitter networks. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (pp. 239-249).
Christenson, G. (2015). CBRN response. National Guard Bureau.
Freberg, K., Graham, K., McGaughey, K., & Freberg, L. A. (2011). Who are the social media influencers? A study of public perceptions of personality. Public Relations Review, 37(1), 90-92.
Garellek, A. (2016, March 4). The ISIS WMD Threat. The Cipher Brief. Retrieved from https://www.thecipherbrief.com/article/middle-east/isis-wmd-threat
Jennings, P. (2006). Miami port poses serious risks. Retrieved from https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/story?id=131634&page=1
Johnston, W.R. (2016, November 30). Summary of historical attacks using chemical or biological weapons. The Johnston Archive. Retrieved from http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/terrorism/chembioattacks.html
Klein, A. (2019). From Twitter to Charlottesville: Analyzing the Fighting Words Between the Alt-Right and Antifa. International Journal of Communication, 13, 22.
Maras, M-H. (2014). Transnational Security. Florida: CRC Press.
Study Document
Maritime Safety And Security SOP For Homeland Security Perspectives
… implement appropriate procedures and policies to respond to cybersecurity incidents effectively.
Background
Cybersecurity refers to the ability of entities to prepare for possible attacks initiated through the internet, react to those attacks, and be able to recover from those cyber incidents (Kimberly, 2018). Cybersecurity in the maritime industry is not an isolated development, and recent … those cyber incidents (Kimberly, 2018). Cybersecurity in the maritime industry is not an isolated development, and recent incidents such as the Estonia cybersecurity attack in 2007 and Stuxnet in 2009 should have served to demonstrate to the Maritime industry the disruptiveness of cybersecurity breaches (Herzog, 2011). Having … industry seems to have let its guard down. The maritime industry has played down any of the legitimate fears of a potential cybersecurity attack, despite 90% of the world trade being facilitated by the maritime industry (Hoffmann, 2018). Expectations, competition, and tensions are at highest……
References
References
Bowen, B.M. (2011). Measuring the Human Factor of Cyber Security. Rerieved from http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~bmbowen/papers/metrics_hst.pdf
Bueger, C. (2015). What is Maritime Security? Maritime Policy, 53, 159-164.
Fitton, O. P. (2015). The Future of Maritime Cyber Security. Retrieved from https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/72696/1/Cyber_Operations_in_the_Maritime_Environment_v2.0.pdf
Hadlington, L. (2018). The \\\\\\"Human Factor\\\\\\" in cybersecurity: Exploring the accidental insider. Psychological and Behavioral Examinations in Cyber Security, 4(6), 46-63.
Hareide, O. S. (2018). Enhancing Navigator Competence By Demonstrating Maritime Cyber Security. The Journal of Navigation, 71(5), 1025-1039.
Hayes, C. R. (2016). Maritime Cybersecurity: The Future of National Security. Monterey, California: Naval Post Graduate School.
Herzog, S. (2011). Revisiting the Estonian Cyber Attacks: Digital Threats and Multinational Responses. Journal of Strategic Security, 4(2), 49-60.
Hoffmann, J. (2018). Review of Maritime Transport. New York: UNCTAD.
Study Document
Security In Communication Challenges
… wireless phone. Notably, the vulnerable and open nature of wireless communications networks causes wireless transmissions to be substantially more susceptible to different malicious attacks by impostors. This varies from identity theft, eavesdropping to interrupt data, violating the rights for privacy, denial-of-service attacks, to incorporation of viruses, Trojan horse and other mischievous codes to interrupt valid transmissions, and jamming attacks (Ijemaru et al., 2018). What is more, imposters and trespassers have the ability to incapacitate or deactivate firewall protection to attain accessibility to … conducted by Laeeq (2011), the survivability of wireless communications is associated to the protection mechanism of wireless communications and toughness or strength against attacks and failure of network components or communication in its own. These issues comprise of the Wireless Sensor Network gateway forming a sole point … reason that the communication medium, the airwave, of wireless networks is wide open to trespassers, who exploit and……
References
References
Bagheri-Karam, G. (2010). Physical-Layer Security in Wireless Communication Systems. Ontario: Waterloo.
Chang, Z. (2019). Physical Layer Security in Wireless Communications. University Of Jyväskylä. Retrieved from: http://users.jyu.fi/~timoh/TIES327/WPLS.pdf
Chen, Q., Zhang, C., & Zhang, S. (2008). Secure transaction protocol analysis: models and applications. Springer-Verlag.
GSMA. (2019). Number of Mobile Subscribers Worldwide Hits 5 Billion. Retrieved from: https://www.gsma.com/newsroom/press-release/number-mobile-subscribers-worldwide-hits-5-billion/
Gu, X., & Hunt, R. (2005). Wireless LAN attacks and vulnerabilities. the proceeding of IASTED Networks and Communication Systems.
Ijemaru, G. K., Adeyanju, I. A., Olusunyi, K. O., Ofusori, T. J., Ngharamike, E. T., Sobowale, A. A. (2018). Security Challenges of Wireless Communications Networks: A Survey. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 13 (8): 5680 – 5692.
IJEMARU, G. K., UDUNWA, A. I., NGHARAMIKE, E. T., & OLEKA, E. U. (2015). Evaluating the Challenging Issues in the Security of Wireless Communication Networks in Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), Vol. 3, Issue 12, pp. 1-5, 2014.
Jain, A. (2013). Network Security-The Biggest Challenge in Communication. Advance in Electronic and Electric Engineering. Research India Publications.
Study Document
The FBI Counterproliferation And Weapons Of Mass Destruction
… the Iraqi Kurds (Pilat, 2009, 15). The threat is real as non-state actors are the ones that have mainly used biological and chemical attacks. In 2006/2007, Iraqi insurgents used Chlorine with traditional explosive devices in an experiment to inflict the most harm possible. While the attack led to the injury of hundreds of people and the loss of death, it was not as lethal as the insurgents had hoped … not as lethal as the insurgents had hoped largely because of suboptimal delivery systems. A few days after 9/11, there was an anthrax attack in Washington DC that led to the death of five people and the infection of 17 other people. As per the FBI’s account, … led to the death of five people and the infection of 17 other people. As per the FBI’s account, the investigation into the attack was one of the most complex operations……
References
References
Busch, Nathan, and Joyner, Daniel (ed). 2009. “Introduction: Nonproliferation at a Crossroads.” In Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Future of Nonproliferation Policy. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press.
Reiss, Mitchell. 2009. “Foreword.” In Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Future of Nonproliferation Policy. Edited by Nathan Busch, and Daniel Joyner. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press.
Cameron, Gavin, Pate, Jason & Vogel, Kathleen. (2001). “Planting Fear: How Real is the Threat of Agricultural Terrorism?” Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, 57(5), 38-44.
Jennings, Elain. 2013. U. S. proliferation policy and the campaign against transnational terror: Linking the U.S. non-proliferation regime to homeland security efforts. Master’s Thesis. Naval Postgraduate School.
Levi, Michael. 2009. “On Nuclear Terrorism.” Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Mauroni, Albert. J. 2010. “A Counter-WMD Strategy for the Future.” Parameters, 58-73.
Ogilvie-White, Tanya. 2008. “Facilitating Implementation of Resolution 1540 in South- East Asia, and the South Pacific.” In Implementing Resolution 1540: The Role of Regional Organizations. Edited by Lawrence Scheinman. New York: United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research.
Pilat Joseph F. 2009. “Dealing with Proliferation and Terrorism.” In Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Future of International Nonproliferation Policy, edited by Nathan E. Busch and Daniel H. Joyner. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
Study Document
FBI Drugs And WMDs
… the wounding of several more, the USS Cole Bombing was in reality just one more terrorist incident in an already growing line of attacks (both foreign and domestic) that revealed a pressing need for a counterproliferation strategy. When the USS Cole was hit in Aden harbor, the … U.S. intelligence. From COINTELPRO to today, covert action is an important process in preventing cells or groups from taking steps to undermine or attack the interests of America. [8: The Commission to Assess the Organization of the Federal Government to Combat the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass … of the country and thus rob the nation of a brighter future but also because they could easily be used in a terror attack or placed into a water supply and thus used to poison the country’s citizens. For that reason it is very important to have … be considered from the standpoint……
References
Bibliography
Arnold, Aaron and Daniel Salisbury, “The Long Arm,” Belfer Center, 2019. https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/long-arm
Carter, Ashton B. "Overhauling counterproliferation." Technology in Society 26, no. 2-3 (2004): 257-269.
The Commission to Assess the Organization of the Federal Government to Combat the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. “Combating Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction,” Washington, D.C., 1999.
FBI. “COINTELPRO.” https://vault.fbi.gov/cointel-pro
FBI Counterproliferation Center. “About.” https://www.fbi.gov/about/leadership-and-structure/national-security-branch/fbi-counterproliferation-center
Fischer, Rowena Rege. “Guide to the Study of Intelligence: Counterproliferation,” Journal of U.S. Intelligence Studies 21, no. 1 (Winter 2014-15), 78-82.
Liow, Joseph Chinyong. "The Mahathir administration's war against Islamic militancy: operational and ideological challenges." Australian Journal of International Affairs 58, no. 2 (2004): 241-256.
Manchikanti, Laxmaiah, Jaya Sanapati, Ramsin M. Benyamin, Sairam Atluri, Alan D. Kaye, and Joshua A. Hirsch. "Reframing the prevention strategies of the opioid crisis: focusing on prescription opioids, fentanyl, and heroin epidemic." Pain physician 21, no. 4 (2018): 309-326.
Study Document
Firewalls And Filtering
… traditional firewall with other network devices that filter unauthorized network protocols. In a distributed system where traffic is passed through different nodes, denial-of-service attacks can come from multiple sources and this needs firewalls to detect and neutralize these attacks to protect the integrity of the data.
In ABC, the model of web application distribution used is a balancing load technique. This technique … protocols and sometimes this is a vulnerability since the problems in the server might be as a result of a glitch or an attack in the system making it dangerous and vulnerable to breach.
A…[break]…the honeypot is scrutinized to assess its threat and redirected to the sandbox ……
References
References
Anderson, R. O. (1997). EMERGING CHALLENGE: SECURITY AND SAFETY IN CYBERSPACE. In R. O. Anderson, In Athena's Camp: Preparing for Conflict in the Information Age (pp. 231–252). RAND corporation.
Martin C. Libicki, L. A. (2015). The Efficacy of Security Systems. In L. A. Martin C. Libicki, The Defender’s Dilemma: Charting a Course Toward Cybersecurity (pp. 23-40). Santa Monica: RAND Corporation.
Mays, J. (2018, September 24). Understanding Load Balancing for Web Servers. Retrieved from Liquid Web: https://www.liquidweb.com/kb/understanding-load-balancing/
Thu, A. A. (2013). Integrated Intrusion Detection and Prevention System with Honeypot on Cloud Computing Environment. International Journal of Computer Applications, 9-13.
Study Document
Iraq War
… soldiers with anti-tank weapons to try and combat the Iraqi forces. The few soldiers were requested to safeguard the important ports and smartly attack the Iraqis until they received more reinforcement (Hardy, McIntyre III & Knight, 2009).
Question 3
The Republican Guard Force Command (RGFC) was wrongly … They had been subjected to…[break]…2009).
The initial phase of Operation Desert Storm was characterized by a massive show of airpower. Airborne weapons would attack from the land as wells as the sea. The soldiers on land also invaded the Iraqi air defense forces and destroyed their radars. … forces from all corners, the land soldiers were employing guerilla tactics to secretly ambush the Iraqis. For instance, two divisions positioned themselves to attack the weak western arm of the Iraqi forces. Meanwhile, the coalition forces made a threat to invade from the eastern side. The Iraqis, … made a threat to invade……
References
References
Andrews, W. F. (1998). Airpower against an Army: Challenge and Response in CENTAF\\\\\\'s Duel with the Republican Guard. DIANE Publishing.
Bame, D. J. (2001). The Exit Strategy Myth and the End State Reality. Marine Corps Command and Staff College. Quantico VA.
Builder, C. H., Bankes, S. C., & Nordin, R. (1999). Command concepts: A theory derived from the practice of command and control. RAND NATIONAL DEFENSE RESEARCH INST SANTA MONICA CA.
Currie Jr, J. G. (1995). Operational Logistics, War and Operations Other Than War: What Applies?. Army Command and General Staff College. Fort Leavenworth Ks. School of Advanced Military Studies.
Joint Chiefs of Staff (2017). Joint Publication 5-0: Joint Planning. Washigton, DC, Aug.
Matsunaga, H. (2019). The Reconstruction of Iraq after 2003: Learning from Its Successes and Failures.
Study Document
Public Safety And Public Relations
… while at work. Averagely, one official dies per annum, no less than 2-3 take their own lives, innumerable contract infectious ailments, several are attacked, and others may be subject to other ailments and injuries jeopardizing their safety and health. Such risks increase with time, owing to greater … and health. Such risks increase with time, owing to greater demands on personnel, occupational stress and shift jobs, criminals' tendency and readiness to attack officials, and greater infectious disease prevalence. Risk reduction is contingent on identifying risk factors, in addition to implementing sound risk prevention plans. Nevertheless, ……
References
References
Achim, A. C. (2014). Risk management issues in policing: from safety risks faced by law enforcement agents to occupational health. Procedia Economics and Finance, 15, 1671-1676.
Bornstein, A. (2005). Antiterrorist policing in New York City after 9/11: Comparing perspectives on a complex process. Human Organization, 64(1), 52-61. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/44127004?seq=1
Buyantseva, L. V., Tulchinsky, M., Kapalka, G. M., Chinchilli, V. M., Qian, Z., Gillio, R., et al. (2007). Evolution of lower respiratory symptoms in New York police officers after 9/11: A prospective longitudinal study. J Occup Environ Med, 49, 310–17.
Homeland Security. (2005). Grand reform: The faster and smarter funding for first responders. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Lippmann, M., Cohen, M. D., & Chen, L-C. (2015). Health effects of World Trade Center (WTC) Dust: An unprecedented disaster with inadequate risk management. Crit Rev Toxicol, 45(6), 492-530. DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2015.1044601
NYPD. (2020). About NYPD. Retrieved from https://www1.nyc.gov/site/nypd/about/about-nypd/about-nypd-landing.page
OHS. (2008). Occupational Health and Safety Code of Practice. Australian Government.
Vault. (2020). Overview. Retrieved from https://www.vault.com/industries-professions/industries/public-safety
Study Document
The Assassination Of Qassem Soleimani The Iranian General
The assassination of Major General Qassem Soleimani
Introduction
In early 2020, January 3, the U.S. launched airstrike attacks around Baghdad International Airport and killed two of the most influential leaders in Iran, Iraq, and the surrounding regions. The strike killed Qassem … powers to stop an insurrection (Vladeck, 2004).
When the strike on Soleimani was ordered, there was no briefing on the legality of the attack. Nevertheless, the National Security Advisor of the Trump Administration, Robert O' Brien, invoked the 2002 Authorization for the Use of Military Force when … constitutional authorities of the President being the Commander In Chief. He had a responsibility to defend the U.S. and its interests against any attack (Kennedy & Northa, 2020). However, O'Brien did not explain the nature of the threat to the U.S. The attack against General Soleimani was carried out without notifying Congress beforehand.
It is in the public domain that……
References
References
Jahanbani, N. (2020). Beyond Soleimani: Implications for Iran\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Proxy Network in Iraq and Syria. CTC Perspectives.
Vladeck, S. I. (2004). Emergency Power and the Militia Acts. Yale LJ, 114, 149.
Brands, H. (2019). Why America Can\\\\\\\\\\\\" t Quit the Middle East. Hoover Institution, 21.
Tillman, S. P. (1982). The United States in the Middle East: Interests and Obstacles (Vol. 82). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Terry, J. P. (1986). Countering State-Sponsored Terrorism: A Law-Policy Analysis. Naval L. Rev., 36, 159.
Maogoto, J. N. (2003). War on the enemy: self-defense and state-sponsored terrorism. Melb. J. Int\\\\\\\\\\\\'l L., 4, 406.
Lillich, R. B., & Paxman, J. M. (1976). State Responsibility for Injuries to Aliens Occasioned by Terrorist Activities. Am. U.L. Rev., 26, 217.
Parker, C. & Noack, R. (2020, January 2). Iran has invested in allies and proxies across the Middle East. Here\\\\\\\\\\\\'s where they stand after Soleimani\\\\\\\\\\\\'s death. Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2020/01/03/iran-has-invested-allies-proxies-across-middle-east-heres-where-they-stand-after-soleimanis-death/
Improve your studying and writing skills
We have over 150,000+ study documents to help you.
Sign Up for FREE
