International Terrorism Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Domestic Extremism And Terrorism
… beat back what it perceives as a rising tide of Fascism in society (Doyle, 2018).
The themes associated with the literature on domestic terrorism, extremism and violence focus three important categories: 1) how culture makes extremism socially acceptable; 2) how culture fosters violent attitudes and beliefs; and … these norms have to be redefined so that the problem of toxic culture can be better addressed. To stop the rise of domestic terrorism, extremism and violence, the overall mainstream culture has to become more humane in terms of how it sees others and what it can ……
References
References
Breger, M. L. (2017). Reforming by re-norming: How the legal system has the potential to change a toxic culture of domestic violence. J. Legis., 44, 170.
Beinart, P. (2017). The rise of the violent left. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/the-rise-of-the-violent-left/534192/ " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
Domestic Terrorism And Extremist Groups
...International terrorism Right and Left Wing Terror Groups in America
1
Extremism in the U.S. is on the rise, based on the rise in polarization throughout the country as the Left and the Right become more and more opposed to one another ideologically, politically, socially, and emotionally. There is a strong rift between the two and little sense of common ground. Much of this rise has come on the heels of the rise in social media use, which allows individuals to promote their views to the rest of the world in a way that was literally unheard of prior to the digital revolution (Freberg, Graham, McGaughey & Freberg, 2011). As social media use has essentially risen exponentially since its inception in the 2000s, the level of ideologically-driven Influencers in the space is a reflection and facilitator of the level of extremism in the United States.
As both the popularity of groups like……
References
References
Barnett, B. A. (2015). 20 Years Later: A Look Back at the Unabomber Manifesto. Perspectives on Terrorism, 9(6), 60-71.
Beinart, P. (2017). The rise of the violent left. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/the-rise-of-the-violent-left/534192/ " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
Counterterrorism Strategy For The Next U S Presidential Administration
Introduction
One of the goals of the G. W. Bush Administration, which launched the War on terrorism campaign, was to “end the state sponsorship of terrorism” (White House, 2003). The top goals of the Bush Administration, however, were to defeat Bin Laden and Al-Zarqawi, as well to identify terrorist … to identify terrorist organizations and demolish them. The first two goals have been accomplished. The latter is dependent upon eradicating state sponsorship of terrorism. Thus, as shall be seen in this strategy paper, ending the state sponsorship of terrorism should be the number one goal of this administration, as state sponsorship is the primary means by which terrorism continues to this day (Malzahn 2002).
Successes and Failures Since 2001
While the U.S. has been successful at defeating terrorists since 9/11, it … U.S. has been successful at defeating terrorists since 9/11, it has not done as well when it comes……
References
References
Bipartisan Policy Center. (2017). Defeating terrorists, not terrorism. Retrieved from https://bipartisanpolicy.org/report/counterterrorism-policy-from-911-to-isis/
Englehardt, T. (2018). America’s war on terror. Retrieved from https://www.thenation.com/article/americas-war-on-terror-has-cost-taxpayers-5-6-trillion/
Freeman, M. (2018). ISIS Is a US-Israeli Creation. Top Ten “Indications.” Retrieved from https://www.globalresearch.ca/isis-is-a-us-israeli-creation-top-ten-indications/5518627
Malzahn, S. M. (2002). State Sponsorship and Support of International Terrorism: Customary Norms of State Responsibility. Hastings Int'l & Comp. L. Rev., 26, 83.
Nordland, R. & Mashal, M. (2019). U.S. and Taliban Edge Toward Deal to End America’s Longest War. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/26/world/asia/afghanistan-taliban-peace-deal.html
White House. (2003). National strategy for combating terrorism. Retrieved from https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/02/20030214-7.html
Study Document
The Assassination Of Qassem Soleimani The Iranian General
The assassination of Major General Qassem Soleimani
Introduction
In early 2020, January 3, the U.S. launched airstrike attacks around Baghdad international Airport and killed two of the most influential leaders in Iran, Iraq, and the surrounding regions. The strike killed Qassem Soleimani, the Islamic … killing of General Soleiman amounted to inhibiting the U.S. interest in the region or promoted it, 3) whether the act constituted what the international Law refers to state-sponsored terrorism.
Soleiman was considered the brainchild and facilitator of the extensive reach of Iran in the region. He, indeed, engineered relationships with a large … a united government. Thus, Trump failed in his executive leadership role.
Diplomatic leadership
It seems that the world view of President Trump of international Relations is limited. He is not tactical in decision making. He sacks key military and political figures in an unorthodox fashion and thus … indicate that they have……
References
References
Jahanbani, N. (2020). Beyond Soleimani: Implications for Iran\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Proxy Network in Iraq and Syria. CTC Perspectives.
Vladeck, S. I. (2004). Emergency Power and the Militia Acts. Yale LJ, 114, 149.
Brands, H. (2019). Why America Can\\\\\\\\\\\\" t Quit the Middle East. Hoover Institution, 21.
Tillman, S. P. (1982). The United States in the Middle East: Interests and Obstacles (Vol. 82). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Terry, J. P. (1986). Countering State-Sponsored Terrorism: A Law-Policy Analysis. Naval L. Rev., 36, 159.
Maogoto, J. N. (2003). War on the enemy: self-defense and state-sponsored terrorism. Melb. J. Int\\\\\\\\\\\\'l L., 4, 406.
Lillich, R. B., & Paxman, J. M. (1976). State Responsibility for Injuries to Aliens Occasioned by Terrorist Activities. Am. U.L. Rev., 26, 217.
Parker, C. & Noack, R. (2020, January 2). Iran has invested in allies and proxies across the Middle East. Here\\\\\\\\\\\\'s where they stand after Soleimani\\\\\\\\\\\\'s death. Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2020/01/03/iran-has-invested-allies-proxies-across-middle-east-heres-where-they-stand-after-soleimanis-death/
Study Document
Counterintelligence Issues Within The United States
...International terrorism Why Ethical Egoism is a Problematic Framework for Intelligence
CI Literature Review
Introduction
The aim of this examination of the literature is to fill the wide gap that remains in counterintelligence research regarding an appropriate ethical standard that can guide and foster an ethical culture, as called for by Bellaby (2012) and Valentine (2016). The purpose of this review is to identify the lessons that have been learned and presented by researchers on this topic, and to identify an appropriate theoretical framework for assessing the way forward. The research question for this study is: How can the US counterintelligence enterprise support collaboration among the various USIC members and the private sector in an ethical and productive manner? The ultimate purpose of this study is to propose a standardized ethical framework for guiding the counterintelligence program as it works to collaborate with the private sector in the 21st century. Therefore, the……
References
Bibliography
2020-2022 National Counterintelligence Strategy of the United States. 2020. Washington, DC: National Counterintelligence and Security Center
Bailey, Christopher and Susan M. Galich. 2012. “Codes of Ethics: The Intelligence Community.” International Journal of Intelligence Ethics 35 (2): 77-99.
Bernardi, Beatrice. 2013. "The Role of Intelligence in the Fight Against International Terrorism: Legal Profiles." Bachelor's thesis, Università Ca'Foscari Venezia.
Carson, Thomas L. 2010. Lying and Deception: Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press.
Cohen, Shlomo. 2016. "Are There Moral Limits to Military Deception?." Philosophia 44 (4): 1305-1318.
Coyne, John, Peter Bell, and Shannon Merrington. 2013. "Exploring ethics in intelligence and the role of leadership." Interntional Journal of Business and Commerce 2 (10): 27-37.
Erskine, Toni. 2004. "'As Rays of Light to the Human Soul'? Moral Agents and Intelligence Gathering." Intelligence & National Security 19 (2): 359-381.
Godson, Roy, and James J. Wirtz. 2000. "Strategic denial and deception." International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 13 (4): 424-437.
Study Document
Homeland Defense And Private Security After September 11 Attacks
… considering how far away it is from where terrorist organizations such as Al Qaeda are based. The attacks also initiated America’s war against terrorism, which continues to date. Before the September 11 attacks, Americans had never experienced a large scale terrorist incident within their country’s borders. Moreover, … the September 11 attacks, most Americans called for and supported the creation of a strong security policy to respond to the threat of terrorism. The general public felt very angry. However, in contrast, the Americans who were directly affected by the attacks felt quite anxious and stressed … general public felt very angry. However, in contrast, the Americans who were directly affected by the attacks felt quite anxious and stressed about terrorism and did not support the country’s continued involvement in wars and counter-terrorism operations overseas. Those who felt less secure after the attacks and believed it was highly likely that……
References
References
Chanley, V. (2002). Trust in Government in the Aftermath of 9/11: Determinants and Consequences. Political Psychology, 23(3), 469-483. Retrieved May 11, 2020, from https://www.jstor.org/stable/3792588
Dugulin, R., & Niglia, A. (2015, May 17). The private sector in the protection of critical infrastructure - GRI. Global Risk Insights. https://globalriskinsights.com/2015/05/the-private-sectors-vital-role-in-the-protection-of-critical-infrastructure/
Gramlich, J. (2018, September 11). Since 9/11, Americans have seen anti-terrorism policy as a top priority. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/09/11/defending-against-terrorism-has-remained-a-top-policy-priority-for-americans-since-9-11/
Morgan, D. (2019). Homeland Security Research and Development: Homeland Security Issues in the 116th Congress. Current Politics and Economics of the United States, Canada, and Mexico, 21(1), 43-46.
Moteff, J., Copeland, C., & Fischer, J. (2003, January). Critical infrastructures: What makes an infrastructure critical?. Library of Congress Washington DC Congressional Research Service.
Study Document
Demographic Profile And Motivation Of Suicide Bombers
Suicide terrorism: Driven to Death
Introduction
Who are the terrorists engaging in suicide bombings? What motivates them to act? These are some of the questions … are passionate and positive and believe deeply in what they are being fed in terms of nationalistic or ideological policy (Koch, 2018).
Conclusion
terrorism is not an activity that is ordinarily motivated by poverty in most situations. Merari (2010) has shown for example that the majority of ……
References
References
Bandura, A. (2018). Toward a psychology of human agency: Pathways and reflections. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(2), 130-136.
Chatfield, A. T., Reddick, C. G., & Brajawidagda, U. (2015, May). Tweeting propaganda, radicalization and recruitment: Islamic state supporters multi-sided twitter networks. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (pp. 239-249).
Costello, M., & Hawdon, J. (2018). Who are the online extremists among us? Sociodemographic characteristics, social networking, and online experiences of those who produce online hate materials. Violence and gender, 5(1), 55-60.
DeCook, J. R. (2018). Memes and symbolic violence:# proudboys and the use of memes for propaganda and the construction of collective identity. Learning, Media and Technology, 43(4), 485-504.
Koch, A. (2018). Trends in Anti-Fascist and Anarchist Recruitment and Mobilization. Journal for Deradicalization, (14), 1-51.
Merari, A. (2010). Driven to death. Oxford University Press.
Study Document
Weapons Of Mass Destruction
… this study is to examine ways to prevent or reduce the risk of a CBRN WMD attack. By looking at the use of international treaties, the rise of terrorism, and counter-proliferation strategies, this paper will assess the measures available for achieving the aim.
Research Question
What can nations do to prevent or … available for achieving the aim.
Research Question
What can nations do to prevent or reduce the risk of CBRN WMD attacks?
Literature Review
international Strategies
While international treaties may seem like an effective approach to reducing the risk of a CBRN WMD attack, treaties are not a full-proof plan as … not renewed. The current Security Council Resolution 1540 is a new approach to reducing the risk of WMD proliferation. This new approach of international legislation has been passed through Council resolutions with the goal being to implement new regulations that “legally bind all UN members……
References
References
Asada, M. (2008). Security Council Resolution 1540 to combat WMD terrorism: effectiveness and legitimacy in international legislation. Journal of Conflict & Security Law, 13(3), 303-332.
Carter, A. B. (2004). Overhauling counterproliferation. Technology in Society 26(2-3), 257-269.
CBS. (2011). Clinton on Qaddafi: We came, we saw, he died. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlz3-OzcExI
The Commission to Assess the Organization of the Federal Government to Combat the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. (1999). Combating Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. Washington, D.C.
Forest, J.J.F. (2012, Winter). Framework for Analyzing the Future Threat of WMD Terrorism. Journal of Strategic Security 5, 4. Retrieved from http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1193&context=jss
Hochman, D. (2006). Rehabilitating a rogue: Libya's WMD reversal and lessons for US policy. Parameters, 36(1), 63.
Lang, C. G. (1937). Archbishop's Appeal: Individual Will and Action; Guarding Personality. London Times, 28.
Stone, O., & Kuznick, P. (2013). The untold history of the United States. Simon and Schuster.
Study Document
The FBI Counterproliferation And Weapons Of Mass Destruction
… for nonproliferation began during the cold war, the regime hasn’t modernized at a rate fast enough to keep up with the growing threats. terrorism and nonproliferation have not yet come together to work as one field and this has slowed down measures to eliminate chances of individual … were done and they ascertained that the powders used in the attack had not been weaponzied.
As threats grow, new threats such as “terrorism” are capturing the imagination of the general population and defense experts. terrorism, in particular, involves attacking agricultural targets using biological agents. These attacks can have tremendous health and economic effects as has been demonstrated by … created. These attacks have the potential to cause a lot of social and economic disruption and lead to the infection of humans…[break]…domestic and international security. Going forward, there is need for a more collaborative effort between all concerned agencies that stresses……
References
References
Busch, Nathan, and Joyner, Daniel (ed). 2009. “Introduction: Nonproliferation at a Crossroads.” In Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Future of Nonproliferation Policy. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press.
Reiss, Mitchell. 2009. “Foreword.” In Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Future of Nonproliferation Policy. Edited by Nathan Busch, and Daniel Joyner. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press.
Cameron, Gavin, Pate, Jason & Vogel, Kathleen. (2001). “Planting Fear: How Real is the Threat of Agricultural Terrorism?” Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, 57(5), 38-44.
Jennings, Elain. 2013. U. S. proliferation policy and the campaign against transnational terror: Linking the U.S. non-proliferation regime to homeland security efforts. Master’s Thesis. Naval Postgraduate School.
Levi, Michael. 2009. “On Nuclear Terrorism.” Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Mauroni, Albert. J. 2010. “A Counter-WMD Strategy for the Future.” Parameters, 58-73.
Ogilvie-White, Tanya. 2008. “Facilitating Implementation of Resolution 1540 in South- East Asia, and the South Pacific.” In Implementing Resolution 1540: The Role of Regional Organizations. Edited by Lawrence Scheinman. New York: United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research.
Pilat Joseph F. 2009. “Dealing with Proliferation and Terrorism.” In Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Future of International Nonproliferation Policy, edited by Nathan E. Busch and Daniel H. Joyner. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
Study Document
The Rise Of The Opium Trade In Afghanistan Following The US Invasion
Evaluating a terrorism Strategy
Introduction
One of the problems with the “war on terror” as first conceived in the wake of 9/11 was that it lacked … unclear, the operation involved lacking in all the variables of iSTART (ideology, strategy, tactics, accounting/financing, recruitment, targets). What was the aim of the terrorism operation in Afghanistan? Numerous negative consequences of the mission followed: the liberation of the poppy fields and the spike in the heroin trade … and the deaths of nearly 40,000 Afghani civilians (Almukhtar & Nordland, 2019). Because the US lacked an adequate iSTART framework going into its terrorism operation in Afghanistan, the result has been an extended, largely ineffective and costly war without end.
The iSTART Framework
The iSTART framework provides … result has been an extended, largely ineffective and costly war without end.
The iSTART Framework
The iSTART framework provides six principles for effective terrorism strategies. Ideology focuses……
References
References
Almukhtar, S. & Nordland, R. (2019). What Did the U.S. Get for $2 Trillion in Afghanistan? Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/12/09/world/middleeast/afghanistan-war-cost.html
Barno, D. (2007). The Other War: Counterinsurgency Strategy in Afghanistan 2003– 20. Military Review, 87(5), 32–44.
Barton, G. (2016). Out of the ashes of Afghanistan and Iraq: the rise and rise of Islamic State. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/out-of-the-ashes-of-afghanistan-and-iraq-the-rise-and-rise-of-islamic-state-55437
Felbab-Brown, V. (2017). Afghanistan’s opium production is through the roof—why Washington shouldn’t overreact. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2017/11/21/afghanistans-opium-production-is-through-the-roof-why-washington-shouldnt-overreact/
FM 3-24. (2014). Retrieved from https://fas.org/irp/doddir/army/fm3-24.pdf
Hitz, F. P. (1999). Obscuring Propriety: The CIA and Drugs. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 12(4), 448-462.
IrishTimes. (2001). Britain freezes £61m of suspected Taliban assets. Retrieved from https://www.irishtimes.com/news/britain-freezes-61m-of-suspected-taliban-assets-1.398565
Kiras, J. D. (2002). Terrorism and Irregular Warfare, in John Baylis, James Wirtz, Eliot Cohen and Colin Gray eds., Strategy in the Contemporary World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), 208–232.
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