Criminal Activities Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Criminal Perspectives Social Trait Classical
Criminological Perspectives
Criminological perspectives explain why people commit crime and why some people are more predisposed to engage in criminal activity than others. The trait, social, and classical/choice perspectives are among the most common criminological perspectives. This text describes the core arguments of … an individual’s predisposition to commit crime is influenced by their biological or genetic makeup (Siegel, 2015). According to the trait perspective, humans are born-criminal. However, individuals have certain traits such as blood chemistry disorders, neurological problems, defective intelligence or psychological disorders that determine whether or not they … in crime when under duress or pushed in a certain direction. Traditional trait theorists believe that these biological and psychological attributes explain all criminal (Siegel, 2015). Contemporary theorists, however, believe that environmental factors such as disorganized neighborhoods, socioeconomic status, and family life trigger these traits (Siegel, 2015). … factors such as disorganized neighborhoods, socioeconomic status, and family life……
References
References
Cole, G., & Smith, C. (2007). Criminal Justice in America (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning.
Hagan, F. E. (2010). Introduction to Criminology: Theory, Methods and Criminal Behavior (7th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Mackenzie, D. L. (2001). Sentencing and Corrections in the 21st century: Setting the Stage for the Future. National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/189106-2.pdf
Siegel, L. J. (2015). Criminology: Theories, Patterns and Typologies (12th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Study Document
Criminal Justice Reform And Bail Reform
Introduction
What is criminal justice reform? It is the focus on improving the criminal justice system through the implementation of evidence-based best practices, policies that promote greater equitability fairness, and systems that are more cost-efficient (National criminal Justice Association, 2019). One area in which reform is needed is the issue of bail. Bail is the bond that allows an arrested … discuss the history of reform, pros and cons, incarceration rates, advocacy efforts, the current arrest and detention process and statistics in New Jersey.
criminal Justice Reform Background
In the 1990s there was an attitude in America that the government needed to “get tough” on crime. This led ……
References
References
ACLU. (2019). ACLU lawsuit goes after $2 billion bail industry that profits off poor people. Retrieved from https://www.aclu.org/press-releases/aclu-lawsuit-goes-after-2-billion-bail-industry-profits-poor-people
Drug Policy Alliance. (2019). New Jersey Judiciary Releases Annual Bail Reform Report, with Additional Key Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.drugpolicy.org/press-release/2019/04/new-jersey-judiciary-releases-annual-bail-reform-report-additional-key
National Criminal Justice Association. (2019). Criminal justice system improvement. Retrieved from https://www.ncja.org/ncja/policy/criminal-justice-reform
Platt, T. (2018). Criminal justice reform in the U.S. has a long history of repressive outcomes. Retrieved from https://www.salon.com/2018/12/27/criminal-justice-reform-in-the-u-s-has-a-long-history-of-repressive-outcomes/
Vitiello, M. (2002). Three Strikes Laws-A Real or Imagined Deterrent to Crime. Hum. Rts., 29, 3.
Woods, A. & Rosnick, J. (2019). Mistakenly Jailed Pretrial, an Ohio Mother Lost Her Job and Kids. Retrieved from https://www.aclu.org/blog/smart-justice/bail-reform/mistakenly-jailed-pretrial-ohio-mother-lost-her-job-and-kids
Ziegelheim, D. (2018). Grassroots Organizations Are Leading The Way On Criminal Justice Reform. Retrieved from https://psmag.com/social-justice/the-grassroots-organizations-leading-criminal-justice-reform
Study Document
Problems Faced By Gangs In America
… The definition of the term ‘gangs’ is: an ongoing informal or formal group, party, or alliance of at least three individuals whose primary activities include perpetrating at least one of the crimes listed below: 1) attacking using a lethal weapon, 2) murder, 3) burglary, 4) selling or … in some pattern of hang crime (California Department of Justice, 1993).
Classification of Gangs
Depending on structural elements like size, age, ethnicities, sex, criminal, lifespan, and territoriality, besides conditions of origin, evolution, goals, and modus operandi, the classifications described below exist:
1. Scavenger (short-lived) gangs. Such gangs, … the school and neighborhood. While they do respect their leader, there is no explicit, consolidated structure or organization for the commission of their activities. Frequently, they engage in spur-of-the-moment reactions to attacks on the part of rival gangs…[break]…homicides, drug trade, human trafficking, arms trade, and other such … spur-of-the-moment reactions to attacks on……
References
References
California Department of Justice. (1993). Gangs 2000: A call to action. Sacramento, California: Department of Justice.
Department of Public Security. (2007). Definition and classification of gangs: Executive summary. Washington, DC: Organization of American States.
Sanchez-Jankowski, M. (2003). Gangs and social change. Theoretical Criminology, 7(2), 191-216. DOI: 10.1177/1362480603007002413.
Study Document
General Strain Theory Bullying Childhood Abuse
… type of social relationship that leads to delinquency, and the motivation for delinquency. By analyzing GST, we can determine the effect or how criminal behavior is developed. GST looks at how a negative relationship will affect and individual and their possibility of developing towards crime. A negative … (2013) is analyzing the impact of childhood abuse. Both articles are looking at the linkage between the negative stimuli and the development of criminal or delinquent behavior. Both authors have managed to demonstrate there is direct like between bullying and development of criminal behavior and between childhood abuse and criminal behavior development. The strain that is being experienced by the children or individual results in anger, and as Agnew (2007) demonstrated, anger is … a link that demonstrates that with bullying and childhood abuse, a person does develop anger that will lead them towards an escape through criminal or delinquent behavior.……
References
References
Agnew, R. (2002). Experienced, vicarious, and anticipated strain: An exploratory study on physical victimization and delinquency. Justice Quarterly, 19(4), 603-632.
Agnew, R. (2007). Pressured into crime: An overview of general strain theory. Los Angeles,CA: Roxbury.
Cullen, F. T., Unnever, J. D., Hartman, J. L., Turner, M. G., & Agnew, R. (2008). Gender, bullying victimization, and juvenile delinquency: A test of general strain theory. Victims and Offenders, 3(4), 346-364.
Warner, B. D., & Fowler, S. K. (2003). Strain and violence: Testing a general strain theory model of community violence. Journal of Criminal Justice, 31(6), 511-521.
Watts, S. J., & McNulty, T. L. (2013). Childhood abuse and criminal behavior: Testing a general strain theory model. Journal of interpersonal violence, 28(15), 3023-3040.
Study Document
Security Of Computers Data
… what is used to determine the settlement to be given to a victim. The FBI managed to infiltrate the syndicate and learn the criminal activities of the group. This resulted in 32 people pleading guilty and the freezing……
References
References
Federal Bureau of Investigation. (July 2, 2019). Workers’ Compensation Fraud. https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/workers-compensation-fraud-conspirators-sentenced-070219
Kentucky RCFL. (June 6, 2013 ). Louisville Man Guilty of Harboring 20,000 Images of Child Pornography. https://www.rcfl.gov/kentucky/news
Regional Computer Forensic Laboratory. (n.d.). About the RCFL. Retrieved from https://www.rcfl.gov/about
Study Document
Prisoners Restorative Justice Rehabilitation
… a constant argument against “coddling” prisoners. This includes such “luxuries” as television and exercise/fitness programs. What are the pros and cons concerning these activities?
But there is no evidence that making prison as miserable as possible acts as a deterrent or rehabilitates prisoners. In fact, having an … outlet for physical and mental energy may be useful, versus allowing such undirected energies into less fruitful channels, such as engaging in covert criminal activities within the prison. In fact, instead of merely offering access to gyms and television, an even more structured approach may be preferable. This ……
References
References
10 keys to improving conditions in overcrowded prisons. (2020). Restorative Justice. Retrieved from: http://restorativejustice.org/am-site/media/overcrowding-en.pdf
Study Document
White Collar Crime And The Department Of Education
… grade fixing scandal at William Cullen Bryant. Her reward was retaliation from the principal (Edelman, 2015). This paper will describe the issues and criminal activity that really goes all the way up the chain of command to the Department of Education. The major issues concern falsifying student ……
References
References
Edelman, S. (2015). School ‘retaliates’ against disabled teacher for criticizing principal. Retrieved from https://nypost.com/2015/11/01/school-retaliates-against-disabled-teacher-for-criticizing-principal/
Gonen, Y., Edelman, S. & Golding, B. (2015). City finally decides to probe rampant grade-fixing. Retrieved from https://nypost.com/2015/08/03/city-finally-decides-to-probe-rampant-grade-fixing/
Granata, K. (2015). Queens Community Demands Removal of High School Principal. Retrieved from https://www.educationworld.com/a_news/queens-community-demand-removal-high-school-principal
Study Document
What Is Cybercrime And How To Deter It
What is Cybercrime?
Definition of Cybercrime
Cybercrime is any criminal activity that is conducted using computers or the Internet. As today’s digital natives have the most experience with computers, criminal tend to be of the Millennial generation—i.e., born after 1980. They are young, digitally sophisticated, and able to operate with a degree of … discipline that allows them to hide their crimes beneath legitimate-looking facades. Spearphishing is one example of a type of cybercrime used by professional criminal to lure victims into traps or sites that have the appearance of legitimacy.
Cybercrime is committed by people who know computer code, understand … as the technology developed cybercrime began to focus on committing fraud in a variety of forms, identity theft, and hacking (Schjølberg, 2017). Today, criminal can take control of radar systems, hijack ships, and steal data. Common cyber crime often takes the form of enterprise crime, in which ………
References
References
Computer Hope. (2019). When was the first computer invented? Retrieved from https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000984.htm
Crane, C. (2019). 33 alarming cybercrime statistics you should know in 2019. Retrieved from https://www.thesslstore.com/blog/33-alarming-cybercrime-statistics-you-should-know/
Schjølberg, Stein. (2017). The History of Cybercrime (1976-2016). Books on Demand.
Statista. (2020). Global digital population. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/617136/digital-population-worldwide/
Taylor, R. W., Fritsch, E. J., Liederbach, J., Saylor, M. R., & Tafoya, W. L. (2019). Cyber crime and cyber terrorism. NY, NY: Pearson.
Study Document
Gangs Formation And Functioning
… them being highly organized and advanced. Further, they all resort to violence for maintaining their control over localities and boosting their illicit commercial activities, such as theft, firearms and illegal drug trafficking, human trafficking, fraud, and prostitution. Innumerable gang members still perpetrate offenses after being imprisoned.
"Gangs" … in the locality they reside in. Gang membership ensures support in the event of a violent attack, and retribution for any transgression.
· criminal Activity – A few enter for engaging in drug trade/consumption and profiting from gang protection and trade earnings.
· Intimidation – A few are coerced … gang protection and trade earnings.
· Intimidation – A few are coerced into entering when their membership is deemed to contribute positively to the criminal activities of the gang. Meanwhile, some even enter for intimidating other community members not participating in gangs (Hesketh, 2019; LAPD, 2020).
1. Review of … as well as a……
References
References
Alleyne, E., & Wood, J. L. (2013). Gang-related crime: The social, psychological, and behavioral correlates. Psychology, Crime & Law, 19(7), 611-627.
FBI, (n.d.). Gangs. Retrieved from https://www.fbi.gov/investigate/violent-crime/gangs#The-Gang%20Threat on 12 June 2020
Finelli, G. A. (2019). Slash, Shoot, Kill Gang Recruitment of Children, and the Penalties Gangs Face. Family Court Review, 57(2), 243-257.
Hesketh, R. F. (2018). A critical exploration of why some individuals with similar backgrounds do or do not become involved in deviant street groups and the potential implications for their future life choices. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Chester, United Kingdom).
Hesketh, R.F. (2019). Joining gangs: living on the edge?. Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice, Vol. 5 No. 4; 280-294.
Higginson, A., Benier, K., Shenderovich, Y., Bedford, L., Mazerolle, L., & Murray, J. (2018). Factors associated with youth gang membership in low?and middle?income countries: a systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 14(1), 1-128.
Howell, J. C. (2010). Gang Prevention: An Overview of Research and Programs. Juvenile Justice Bulletin. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
Klein, M.W. (1995). The American street gang: Its nature, prevalence, and control. New York: Oxford University Press.
Study Document
Banking Industry Crimes
… case given that it is actively involved in the holding as well as management of diverse financial assets and the coordination of financial activities for the various other economic sectors. Although at the core of banking is holding of financial assets, other key activities include, but they are not limited to, commercial and personal banking services, insurance, etc. In that regard, therefore, banks happen to be one … As a matter of fact, the banking industry happens to be one of the most heavily regulated industries in all of U.S. economy. criminal elements have, however, always found a way of manipulating the system to engage in theft, embezzlement, or other forms of fraud. The said … elements have, however, always found a way of manipulating the system to engage in theft, embezzlement, or other forms of fraud. The said criminal elements could either be employees of the firm, business……
References
References
Albrecht, W.S., Albrecht, C.C., Albrecht, C.O. & Zimbelman, M.F. (2008). Fraud Examination (3rd ed.). Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.
Dionne, B. (2020). Regions Bank Teller Accused of Stealing Customer Identities Faces Felony Charges. Retrieved https://www.wbrc.com/2020/01/30/regions-bank-teller-accused-stealing-customer-identities-facing-felony-charges/
Golden, T.W., Skalak, S.L. & Clayton, M.M. (2006). A Guide to Forensic Accounting Investigation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Krancher, M., Riley, R. & Wells, T.J. (2010). Forensic Accounting and Fraud Examination. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Singleton, T.W., Singleton, A.J. & Bologna, R.J. (2006). Fraud Auditing and Forensic Accounting (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Zagaris, B. (2010). International White Collar Crime: Cases and Materials. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
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