Criminological Theory and Social Policy Essay

However, strain theory would counter that the frustrated aspirations of the marginalized fosters criminal behavior and what is really needed are expanded social opportunities and mobility through policies like affirmative action and improved public education.

Criminal theories of 'subcultures' suggest a more complex system of social esteem and reward provided by crime. They, too, however, would suggest that creating other means for individuals to establish their identity are more important than harsher punishments -- culturally as well as economically. For example, even relatively affluent teens who feel ostracized, like the boys who committed the Columbine atrocity, can act criminally if they find self-fulfillment as part of a violent subculture. A final concept of 'labeling' theories, or self-fulfilling prophesies would emphasize the need to avoid making a pariah of certain groups, and fighting against discrimination (like the current hatred of illegal immigrants and Latinos in general in many areas) and also stresses the need to help individuals feel integrated into larger society.

Reference

Criminological theory. (1999). Retrieved August 12, 2009 at http://www.umsl.edu/~keelr/200/Diane_Demelo/diane.pdf