Study Document
General strain theory
Summary
General strain theory (GST) offers a unique explanation of delinquency and crime, which is in direct contrast to control and learning theories. The differentiation is through … managed to demonstrate there is direct like between bullying and development of criminal behavior and between childhood abuse and criminal behavior development. The strain that is being experienced by the children or individual results in anger, and as Agnew (2007) demonstrated, anger is one of the major … with bullying and childhood abuse, a person does develop anger that will lead them towards an escape through criminal or delinquent behavior. Family-based strain have also been shown to cause criminogenic effects.
Cullen et al. (2008) and Watts and McNulty (2013) are both testing general strain theory in their different criminal justice research articles. General strain theory (GST) offers a unique explanation of delinquency and crime, which is in direct contrast……
References
Agnew, R. (2002). Experienced, vicarious, and anticipated strain: An exploratory study on physical victimization and delinquency. Justice Quarterly, 19(4), 603-632.
Agnew, R. (2007). Pressured into crime: An overview of general strain theory. Los Angeles,CA: Roxbury.
Cullen, F. T., Unnever, J. D., Hartman, J. L., Turner, M. G., & Agnew, R. (2008). Gender, bullying victimization, and juvenile delinquency: A test of general strain theory. Victims and Offenders, 3(4), 346-364.
Warner, B. D., & Fowler, S. K. (2003). Strain and violence: Testing a general strain theory model of community violence. Journal of Criminal Justice, 31(6), 511-521.
Watts, S. J., & McNulty, T. L. (2013). Childhood abuse and criminal behavior: Testing a general strain theory model. Journal of interpersonal violence, 28(15), 3023-3040.
Study Document
The key assumptions underlying strain, control, and learning theories of criminal behavior are similar, which is why they are sometimes integrated or at least interrelated in criminological discourse. … control, and learning theories of criminal behavior are similar, which is why they are sometimes integrated or at least interrelated in criminological discourse. strain theories evolved from Durkheim’s theory of anomie: the individual’s disregard for social norms arising from the breakdown of social cohesion (Crossman, 2019). A breakdown of social cohesion can … can result from the ineffectiveness or the perceived illegitimacy of social institutions. Thomas Merton proposed that anomie can be exacerbated when individuals experience strain—or psychological distress—resulting from unmet needs, especially when those needs are unmet due to sociological problems such as inequality, injustice, or disparity.
Control theories … behavior. Social institutions are assumed to serve as mechanisms of social control, also influencing individual behaviors via a series of……
References
Crossman, A. (2019). Deviance and strain theory in sociology. Thoughtco. Retrieved from: https://www.thoughtco.com/structural-strain-theory-3026632
“Differential Association, Strain and Control Theories,” (n.d.). Retrieved from: julianhermida.com/contbondstrain.htm
Rukus, J., Stogner, J. & Miller, B. (2016). LBGT novel drug use as contextualized through control, strain, and learning theories. Social Science Quarterly. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bryan_Miller4/publication/308669239_LGBT_Novel_Drug_Use_as_Contextualized_Through_Control_Strain_and_Learning_Theories_LGBT_Novel_Drug_Use/links/5a579e46aca2726376b66832/LGBT-Novel-Drug-Use-as-Contextualized-Through-Control-Strain-and-Learning-Theories-LGBT-Novel-Drug-Use.pdf
Study Document
Strengths Perspective theory
Provide some data specific points on the trends associated with the two oppressed/marginalized population (LGBTC Youth and Homeless Youth). B. Indicate the reason … contexts or settings. For instance, within the family setting, a number of them have delineated their relationship with guardians or parents to be strain and also withdrawn owing to their sexual orientation. There is also the fear and concern of being victimized by members of the family, … by anti-gay students (D’Augelli, 2006).
Reflect (i.e Identify, compare and Discuss) on at least two theories of social work practice and indicate which theory seems best suited to deal/assist with the special need of those population. B. Briefly discuss the main points of the theory selected but spend more time discussing the connection made between the LGBT Youth and Homeless Youth and the…[break]…be best suited to work with … will be best suited to work……
References
Bilodeau, B. L., & Renn, K. A. (2005). Analysis of LGBT identity development models and implications for practice. New directions for student services, 2005(111), 25-39.
Cray, A., Miller, K., & Durso, L. E. (2013). Seeking shelter: The experiences and unmet needs of LGBT homeless youth. Washington, DC: Center for American Progress.
Cunningham, M., Pergamit, M., Astone, N., & Luna, J. (2014). Homeless LGBTQ youth. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
Dank, M., Yahner, J., Madden, K., Bañuelos, I., Yu, L., Ritchie, A., ... & Conner, B. (2015). Surviving the Streets of New York: Experiences of LGBTQ Youth, YMSM and YWSW Engaged in Survival Sex. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
D'augelli, A. R. (2006). Developmental and contextual factors and mental health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths. American Psychological Association.
Durso, L. E., & Gates, G. J. (2012). Serving our youth: Findings from a national survey of services providers working with lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth who are homeless or at risk of becoming homeless. Los Angeles: The Williams Institute with True Colors and the Palatte Fund.
Foss, S. (2017). A Guide to Social Work Advocacy for Transgender Adolescents and Young Adults. Texas State University.
Higa, D., Hoppe, M. J., Lindhorst, T., Mincer, S., Beadnell, B., Morrison, D. M., ... & Mountz, S. (2014). Negative and positive factors associated with the well-being of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ) youth. Youth & Society, 46(5), 663-687.
Study Document
… engage in respectful rather than abusive communication (Alternative Paths, 2020). This paper will discuss this topic, explain it from the theoretical perspective of strain theory, describe the present literature, and make recommendations based on the problems with violence prevention programs from a strain theory perspective and what can be done to solve those issues.
Violence Prevention Programs
Violence prevention programs are programs designed to address the needs … in the community? To understand the actual impact of the programs, one has to examine them from suitable theoretical perspective. This is where strain theory can be applied.
strain theory
strain theory is used in the field of sociology and criminology to explain why conflict occurs. Merton’s strain theory posits that people are pressured to commit crime by society: they may be unaccepted by others, or they may face severe economic or … church. They commit crime when the pressure becomes……
References
Altafim, E. R. P., & Linhares, M. B. M. (2016). Universal violence and childmaltreatment prevention programs for parents: A systematic review. Psychosocial Intervention, 25(1), 27-38.
Alternative Paths. (2020). Violence prevention. Retrieved from https://www.alternativepaths.org/services/diversion-programs/violence-prevention-program
Farrell, A. D., Meyer, A. L., Kung, E. M., & Sullivan, T. N. (2001). Development and evaluation of school-based violence prevention programs. Journal of clinical child psychology, 30(2), 207-220.
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1995). Why violence prevention programs don't work--and what does. Educational Leadership, 52(5), 63-68.
Lee, C., & Wong, J. S. (2020). Examining the effects of teen dating violence prevention programs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 1-40.
Siegel, L. (2018). Criminology, 7th Ed. Cengage Learning.
Stagg, S. J., & Sheridan, D. (2010). Effectiveness of bullying and violence prevention programs: A systematic review. Aaohn Journal, 58(10), 419-424.
Study Document
… developmental process. As one ages, the phases of development stretch out and last for many more years (Santrock, 2019). According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development human beings develop in psychosocial stages and are motivated by a social desire or need to be with other people (Santrock, … as they are likely to be thinking based on their experiences and environment up to that point, as Agnew (2008) posits when applying strain theory to why juveniles engage in crime.
Types of Punishment
Types of punishment include: incarceration, home confinement, electronic monitoring, community service, probation, diversion programs ……
References
Agnew, R. (2008). Strain Theory. In V. Parrillo (Ed.), Encyclopedia of social problems. (pp. 904-906). Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
Cramer, M. (2014). Parole Board releases 2nd man convicted of murder as juvenile. Retrieved from https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/08/06/parole-board-releases-man-convicted-murder-while-juvenile/REwVVe3aR9leuRVMpZsN6O/story.html
Diskin, M. (2018). New law will put limits. Retrieved from https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/2018/10/11/new-california-law-means-teen-suspect-oxnard-murders-cannot-tried-adult/1535518002/
Fritz, J. K. (2015). Diverting young offenders from prison is ‘smart justice.’ Education Digest, 81(2), 53-55.
Jannetta, J., & Okeke, C. (2017). Strategies for Reducing Criminal and Juvenile Justice Involvement. Building Ladders of Opportunity for Young People in the Great Lakes States, brief, 4. Retrieved from https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/94516/strategies-for-reducing-criminal-and-juvenile-justice-involvement_2.pdf
Johnson, T., Quintana, E., Kelly, D. A., Graves, C., Schub, O., Newman, P., & Casas, C. (2015). Restorative Justice Hubs Concept Paper. Revista de Mediación, 8(2), 2340-9754.
McCarthy, P., Schiraldi, V., & Shark, M. (2016). The future of youth justice: A community-based alternative to the youth prison model. US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice.
Meli, L. (2014). Hate Crime and Punishment: Why Typical Punishment Does Not Fit the Crime. U. Ill. L. Rev., 921.
Study Document
… harmful, or both?. Criminology & Public Policy, 15(3), 953-981.
The article shows that diversion programs can be helpful but that they can also put undue strain on juveniles and that the strain could be avoided……
Study Document
… Also, the dependability aspects of these product parts are well established. What is more, the employment of these parts alludes to the manufacturing strain to the supplier, partly discharging the manufacture's worry of meeting production timelines.
4. Designing and manufacturing product parts to be multi-functional
Significantly, multi-functional ……
References
Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., & Schilling, M. A. (2014). Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning.
Panzarino, M. (2012). This is how Apple\\\\\\'s top-secret product development process works. The Next Web. Retrieved from: https://thenextweb.com/apple/2012/01/24/this-is-how-apples-top-secret-product-development-process-works/
Interaction Design Foundation. (2020). Apple\\\\\\'s Product Development Process – Inside the World\\\\\\'s Greatest Design Organization. Retrieved from: https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/apple-s-product-development-process-inside-the-world-s-greatest-design-organizatio " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
… up in hospital facilities and are admitted as inpatients. Such patients are kept in hospital for a significant period. This is a notable strain on the health sector. Admitting these children in the hospital also poses a risk of infecting other children who have been admitted on ……
References
Campos, M. C., Rodrigues, K. C. S., & Pinto, M. C. M. (2010). Evaluation of the behavior of the pre-school one just admitted in the unit of pediatrics and the use of the therapeutic toy. Einstein (São Paulo), 8(1), 10-17.
Caplin, D., & Cooper, M. (2007). Child development for inpatient medicine. In Comprehensive pediatric hospital medicine (pp. 1285-1292). Mosby.
Emde, R. N., & Harmon, R. J. (Eds.). (2012). Continuities and discontinuities in development. Springer Science & Business Media.
Hockenberry, M. J., & Wilson, D. (2019). Wong\\\\\\\\\\\\'s nursing care of infants and children E-book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Koukourikos, K., Tzeha, L., Pantelidou, P., & Tsaloglidou, A. (2015). The Importance of Play during Hospitalization of Children. Materia socio-medica, 27(6), 438–441. https://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2015.27.438-441
Li, W. H., Chung, J. O. K., Ho, K. Y., & Kwok, B. M. C. (2016). Play interventions to reduce anxiety and negative emotions in hospitalized children. BMC pediatrics, 16(1), 36.
National Collaborating Centre for Women\\\\\\\\\\\\'s and Children\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Health; UK. (2009). Diarrhea and vomiting caused by gastroenteritis: diagnosis, assessment, and management in children younger than 5 years.
Study Document
… by impairing breathing and can also cause failure of other internal organs. Moreover, it is believed that there are actually two or more strain of the COVID-19 virus, which may complicate both treatment and creating a vaccine.
Where Did COVID-19 Originate?
Because the original cases of COVID-19 … consumption, which reinforces some pre-existing racial stereotypes about cultural food choices. However, the Wuhan market did not sell bats and the current working theory is that bats infected other animals, such as chickens, which were sold at the market.
Where Is COVID-19 Right Now?
As of March ……
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Key Facts.” CDC. 12 March 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/share-facts.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fabout%2Fshare-facts.html . Accessed 16 March 2020.
Newey, S. and Gulland, A. “What Is Coronavirus, How Did It Start and Could the Outbreak Grow Bigger?” The Telegraph. 16 March 2020. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/03/16/what-coronavirus-how-start-outbreak-pandemic-covid-19/ . Accessed 16 March 2020.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. “Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Frequently Asked Questions.” FDA. 2020. https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/mcm-issues/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-frequently-asked-questions . Accessed 16 March 2020.
World Health Organization. “Coronavirus.” WHO. 2020. https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus . Accessed 16 March 2020.
Study Document
… as opposed to what must be resolved, and concentrates on what works as against what doesn't.
The relationship between strengths-focused care and resilience theory within the context of nursing literature has been expounded upon further by Gottlieb (2014, p. 26), whose work describes a comprehensive strengths-based nursing … with simple grocery and rent costs and is wondering how to work things out the next month. Her relationship with Aaron's mother is strain. Further, a delayed period causes her to believe she may be expecting once again. All the above information garnered for her suggests she ……
References
Ditton, L. (2015). Depression Treatment: Strengths-based Approaches. Available at http://www.esteempsychology.com.au
Gan, C., & Ballantyne, M. (2016). Brain injury family intervention for adolescents: A solution-focused approach. NeuroRehabilitation, 38(3), 231-241.
Gottlieb, L. (2014). Strengths-based nursing: A holistic approach to care, grounded in eight core values. American Journal of Nursing, 114(8), 24-32.
Liu, R. T., Kleiman, E., Nestor, B., Cheek, S. (2015). The Hopelessness Theory of Depression: A Quarter Century in Review. Clin Psychol, 22(4), 345-365. DOI:10.1111/cpsp.12125.
Swartz, M. K. (2017). A Strength-Based Approach to Care. J Pediatr Health Care, 31, 1-1. Available at https://www.jpedhc.org/article/S0891-5245(16)30281-4/pdf
World Health Organization. (1998). Health Promotion Glossary. World Health Organization. Available at https://www.who.int/healthpromotion/about/HPR%20Glossary%201998.pdf?ua=1
Xie, H. (2013). Strengths-Based Approach for Mental Health Recovery. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci, 7(2), 5-10. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3939995/
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