Variable Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Gestalt Therapy Counseling Psychology History And Interventions
… tree.
Framework and Concepts
The concept of Gestalt can be defined as a type of framework: asking researchers to step back and view variables as a system, watching for patterns and interconnectedness. A melody in music is one example of a Gestalt experience: one cannot perceive a ……
References
References
Brownell, P. (2016). Contemporary Gestalt therapy. In D. J. Cain, K. Keenan, & S. Rubin (Eds.), Humanistic psychotherapies: Handbook of research and practice (p. 219–250). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14775-008
Cherry, K. (2019). Gestalt psychology overview. Very Well Mind. Retrieved from: https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-gestalt-psychology-2795808
Covey, G. (2017). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy, enhanced, 10th edition. Cengage.
Jacobs, L. (1989). Dialogue in Gestalt theory and therapy. The Gestalt Journal 12(1): 1-25. Retrieved from: http://www.gestaltpsychotherapie.de/jacobs1.pdf
Kepner, E. (n.d.). Gestalt group processes. Retrieved from: http://www.elementsuk.com/libraryofarticles/gestalt.pdf
Oaklander, V. (1994). Gestalt play therapy. In O’Connor, K.J. & Schaefer, C.E. (Eds.). Handbook of play therapy. John Wiley & Sons, pp. 143-156.
Rock, I. & Palmer, S. (1990). The legacy of Gestalt psychology. Scientific American 263(6): 84-91.
Yontef, G. & Jacobs, L. (n.d.). Gestalt therapy. Retrieved from: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1211/3bf06e5fa3208fea4330873403ae65b0891c.pdf
Study Document
Case Conceptualization Group Therapy CBT And Psychodynamics
… nuanced clinical interpretations that account for the intricacies and idiosyncrasies of an individual’s upbringing, social climate, educational attainment, job status, gender, and other variables. “Part of the counselor’s job is to decide which theoretical approach is a good fit with the client’s needs, and then use that … home or outside of the group context. The counselor factors in issues related to diversity, but cannot be aware of all the pertinent variables that might impact individual responses to the treatment plan, the interventions, or to other members of the group.
Supervision is inevitable to help ……
References
References
American Counseling Association (2014). ACA Code of Ethics. Retrieved from: https://www.counseling.org/resources/aca-code-of-ethics.pdf
American Group Psychotherapy Association (2007). Practice guidelines for group psychotherapy. Retrieved from: https://www.agpa.org/docs/default-source/practice-resources/download-full-guidelines-(pdf-format)-group-works!-evidence-on-the-effectiveness-of-group-therapy.pdf?sfvrsn=ce6385a9_2
“Clinical Thinking Skills,” (n.d.). Retrieved from: https://in.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/44297_3.pdf
Glasofer, D.R. (2019). Generalized anxiety disorder. Retrieved from: https://www.verywellmind.com/dsm-5-criteria-for-generalized-anxiety-disorder-1393147
MacNamara, A., Kotov, R. & Hajcak, G. (2016). Diagnosis and symptom-based predictors of emotional processing in generalized anxiety disorder and Major Depressive Disorder: An Event-Related Potential Study. Cognitive Therapy and Research 40(2016): 275-289.
Plummer, F., Manea, L., Trepel, D., et al. (2016). Screening for anxiety disorders with the GAD-7 and GAD-2: a systematic review and diagnostic metaanalysis. General Hospital Psychiatry 39(2016): 24-31.
Suszek, H., Holas, P., Wyrzykowski, T., et al. (2015). Short-term intensive psychodynamic group therapy versus cognitive-behavioral group therapy in day treatment of anxiety disorders and comorbid depressive or personality disorders: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 16(2015): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4517633/
Thimm, J.C. & Antonsen, L. (2014). Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy for depression in routine practice. BMC Psychiatry 14(292): https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-014-0292-x
Study Document
Autism Spectrum Disorder And Childhood Onset Schizophrenia
… support than children with autism spectrum disorder.
Children with the least amount of social support would report the lowest level of functioning
Independent Variables
Diagnosis and level of perceived functioning
Dependent Variables
Perceived social support
Control Groups
Children with Autism
Data Analysis & Statistical Methods
Tests used were the t-test and ANOVA. There was a ……
References
Allen, A. R., & Pidano, A. E. (2017). Childhood Schizophrenia and Autism: An Empirical Study of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(6), 1664-1670.
Jerrell, J. M., McIntyre, R. S., & Deroche, C. B. (2017). Diagnostic clusters associated with an early onset schizophrenia diagnosis among children and adolescents. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 32(2), e2589.
Pina-Camacho, L., Parellada, M., & Kyriakopoulos, M. (2016). Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia: boundaries and uncertainties. BJPsych Advances, 22(5), 316-324.
Study Document
Digital Forensics Importance Of Hash Values
… offer no additional information pertaining to the contents of any material interpretable by an individual. Moreover, the hash function is algorithms that convert variable-sized text quantities into hash values (which are fixed-sized outputs). Also called “cryptographic hash functions,” they facilitate the development of digital signatures, short textual … Kumar et al., 2012). In this paper, hash functions and their significance will be addressed.
Description
H (hash function) represents a transformation taking variable-sized input „m? and returning fixed-sized strings (h or hash value; i.e., h = H (m)) (Kumar et al., 2012). The hash functions possessing ……
References
References
Fang, J., Jiang, Z. L., Yiu, S. M., & Hui, L. C. (2011). An efficient scheme for hard disk integrity check-in digital forensics by hashing with combinatorial group testing. International Journal of Digital Content Technology and its Applications.
Kaya, M., & Eris, M. (2017). Hash-based block matching for digital evidence image files from forensic software tools. World Academy of Science, Engineering, and Technology, International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control and Information Engineering, 11(10), 1068-1071.
Kumar, K., Sofat, S., Jain, S. K., & Aggarwal, N. (2012). SIGNIFICANCE of hash value generation in digital forensic: A case study. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, 2(5), 64-70.
Netherlands Forensic Institute, (2018a). Technical Supplement Forensic Use of Hash Values and Associated Hash Algorithms. Ministry of Justice and security.
Rasjid, Z. E., Soewito, B., Witjaksono, G., & Abdurachman, E. (2017). A review of collisions in cryptographic hash function used in digital forensic tools. Procedia computer science, 116, 381-392.
Study Document
Internet Influence On Adolescents
… of adolescents may depend upon moderating Internet usage. However, the study was limited by the fact that it only looked at those three variables and did not include others that might impact the young person’s level of loneliness or depression—such as family life, support network, religious or ……
References
References
Agarwal, A. K., Verma, A., & Agarwal, M. (2017). Internet victimization and depression among adolescents, 14(3), 60-62.
Cheung, J. C. S., Chan, K. H. W., Lui, Y. W., Tsui, M. S., & Chan, C. (2018). Psychological well-being and adolescents’ internet addiction: A school-based cross-sectional study in Hong Kong. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 35(5), 477-487.
Festinger, D. S., Dugosh, K. L., Clements, N., Flynn, A. B., Falco, M., McLellan, A. T.,& Arria, A. M. (2016). Use of the internet to obtain drugs without a prescription among treatment-involved adolescents and young adults. Journal of child & adolescent substance abuse, 25(5), 480-486.
Görzig, A. (2016). Adolescents’ viewing of suicide-related web content and psychological problems: Differentiating the roles of cyberbullying involvement. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19(8), 502-509.
Law, Y. M. (2019). Family factors and internet addiction among junior secondary school students in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Doctoral Dissertation.
Sajeev Kumar, P., Prasad, N., Raj, Z., & Abraham, A. (2015). Internet addiction and substance use disorders in adolescent students-a cross sectional study. J. Int. Med. Dent, 2, 172-179.
Study Document
Criminal Justice And Methods Of Profiling
… details of the crime and the nature of the investigation. However, crime scene profiling provides a comprehensive method that takes into account multiple variables.
Crime Scene Profiling
Crime scene profiling is neither fully reliable nor entirely valid because it is not based on raw data; instead it ……
References
References
Bartol, C. R., & Bartol, A. M. (2017). Criminal behavior: A psychological approach (11th ed.). Retrieved from https://redshelf.com/
Kocsis, R. N., & Palermo, G. B. (2015). Disentangling Criminal Profiling: Accuracy, Homology, and the Myth of Trait-Based Profiling. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 59(3), 313-332. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X13513429
Sample, I. (2010). Psychological profiling ‘worse than useless.’ The Guardian. Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/sep/14/psychological-profile-behavioural-psychology
Study Document
Safety Of SSRI Drug Fluoxetine
...Variable Summarizing a Research Article
Research Question
The research question for the article by Rossi, Barraco and Donda (2004) was based on the fact that there had been no review of the meta-analyses published on Fluoxetine. Fluoxetine is an important drug that was developed for and prescribed to patients with depression starting in the late 1980s. It is considered the first iteration of the generation of Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) commonly associated with youths suffering from mental health problems. However, though it has been widely studied, fluoxetine is still not completely understood. Thus, the authors of this study set out to answer the question: What do the available meta-analyses on this SSRI actually say? The objective of the systematic review of the literature was threefold:
1. to evaluate the strength of the information available in reviewed meta-analyses
2. to understand if the use of fluoxetine is clinically effective and safe……
References
References
Rossi, A., Barraco, A., & Donda, P. (2004). Fluoxetine: a review on evidence based medicine. Annals of General Hospital Psychiatry, 3(1), 2.
Study Document
School Uniforms And Self Esteem
… End surveyed school leaders across the nation and found that the overwhelming majority of them believe…[break]…difficult it can be to control for all variables or to test a hypothesis such as this one. Different researchers may approach the issue with their own biases, which they are unable … do not wear uniforms and students who do. The reason for this is that it is essentially impossible to control for all the variables that might impact such a study. Uniforms, one must admit, are but one part of the equation. Families, parents, neighborhoods, media—all these elements ……
References
References
Bandura, A. (2018). Toward a psychology of human agency: Pathways and reflections. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(2), 130-136.
Bodine, A. (2003). School uniforms, academic achievement, and uses of research. The Journal of Educational Research, 97(2), 67-71.
Caruso, P. (1996). Individuality vs. conformity: The issue behind school uniforms. NASSP Bulletin, 80(581), 83-88.
Fox, K. R., & Lindwall, M. (2014). Self-esteem and self-perceptions in sport and exercise. In Routledge Companion to Sport and Exercise Psychology (pp. 58-72). Routledge.
Murray, R. K. (1997). The impact of school uniforms on school climate. NASSP Bulletin, 81(593), 106-112.
NAESP. (2013). National Survey of School Leaders Reveals 2013 School Uniform Trends. Retrieved from https://www.naesp.org/national-survey-school-leaders-reveals-2013-school-uniform-trends
School connectedness: Strategies for increasing protective factors among youth. (2010). Reclaiming Children and Youth, 19(3), 20-24.
Stanley, M. S. (1996). School uniforms and safety. Education and Urban Society, 28(4), 424-435.
Study Document
Drug Abuse And Horse Assisted Therapy
...Variable Literature Review
As Masini (2010) shows, animal-assisted therapy can be quite useful in helping patients engaging in substance abuse treatment. Masini (2010) highlights the benefits of equine-assisted psychotherapy in particular, as do Hauge, Kvalem, Berget, Enders-Slegers & Braastad (2014), who note that engaging clients with horses can facilitate the perception of having a stronger social support. As social support is a necessary part to overcoming or battling substance abuse, the animal-assisted intervention can be seen as a positive influence (Birtel, Wood & Kempa, 2017; Muela, Balluerka, Amiano, Caldentey & Aliri, 2017).
Animal-assisted therapy can have a positive effect on engagement and retention of individuals in substance abuse treatment. Kelly and Cozzolino (2015), for example, have shown that at-risk youth have been aided by animal-assisted therapy in their attempts to overcome issues of substance abuse. Animal-assisted therapy represents a “goal-oriented adjunct to traditional therapy programs” (Kelly & Cozzolino, 2015, p. 421).……
References
References
Birtel, M. D., Wood, L., & Kempa, N. J. (2017). Stigma and social support in substance abuse: Implications for mental health and well-being. Psychiatry Research, 252, 1-8.
Contalbrigo, L., De Santis, M., Toson, M., Montanaro, M., Farina, L., Costa, A., & Nava,F. (2017). The efficacy of dog assisted therapy in detained drug users: A pilot study in an Italian attenuated custody institute. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(7), 683.
Hauge, H., Kvalem, I. L., Berget, B., Enders-Slegers, M. J., & Braastad, B. O. (2014). Equine-assisted activities and the impact on perceived social support, self-esteem and self-efficacy among adolescents–an intervention study. International journal of adolescence and youth, 19(1), 1-21.
Kelly, M. A., & Cozzolino, C. A. (2015). Helping at-risk youth overcome trauma and substance abuse through animal-assisted therapy. Contemporary Justice Review, 18(4), 421-434.
Kern-Godal, A., Arnevik, E. A., Walderhaug, E., & Ravndal, E. (2015). Substance use disorder treatment retention and completion: a prospective study of horse-assisted therapy (HAT) for young adults. Addiction science & clinical practice, 10(1), 21.
Klemetsen, M. G., & Lindstrom, T. C. (2017). Animal-assisted therapy in the treatment of substance use disorders: A systematic mixed methods review. Human-Animal Interaction Bull, 5, 90-117.
Masini, A., PhD. (2010). Equine-assisted psychotherapy in clinical practice. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, 48(10), 30-34. doi: http://fir.tesu.edu:2074/10.3928/02793695-20100831-08
Muela, A., Balluerka, N., Amiano, N., Caldentey, M. A., & Aliri, J. (2017). Animal-assisted psychotherapy for young people with behavioural problems in residential care. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 24(6), O1485-O1494. doi: http://fir.tesu.edu:2074/10.1002/cpp.2112
Study Document
Diabetes
...Variable Critique
The article by Lynch et al. (2019) is entitled “Randomized Trial of a Lifestyle Intervention for Urban Low-Income African Americans with Type 2 Diabetes” and appeared in JGIM: Journal of General Internal Medicine. The article by Protheroe et al. (2016) is entitled “The Feasibility of Health Trainer Improved Patient Self-Management in Patients with Low Health Literacy and Poorly Controlled Diabetes: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial” and appeared in Journal of Diabetes Research. This paper will critique the two articles by evaluating information pertaining to their titles, abstracts, introductions, background sections and the authors’ discussion of their respective studies’ significance. Information pertaining to the studies’ statement of problem, research questions or hypotheses, literature review, theoretical framework, ethical considerations and research design will be evaluated as well. The criteria used to critique the articles come from that provided by Polit and Beck (2017).
Title
According to Polit and Beck’s (2017) criteria……
References
References
Lynch, E. B., Mack, L., Avery, E., Wang, Y., Dawar, R., Richardson, D., … Fogelfeld, L. (2019). Randomized Trial of a Lifestyle Intervention for Urban Low-Income African Americans with Type 2 Diabetes. JGIM: Journal of General Internal Medicine, 34(7), 1174–1183. https://doi-org.ezproxy.loyno.edu/10.1007/s11606-019-04894-y
Protheroe, J., Rathod, T., Bartlam, B., Rowlands, G., Richardson, G., & Reeves, D. (2016). The Feasibility of Health Trainer Improved Patient Self-Management in Patients with Low Health Literacy and Poorly Controlled Diabetes: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial. Journal of Diabetes Research, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6903245
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