Research Methods Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Families Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
… quality of life, family burden, poorer psychological wellbeing, financial stress, under/unemployment, and poorer physical and mental health (Zuckerman, Lindly, Bethell & Kuhlthau, 2014).
research Context
As evident in the background information, families of children with autism face challenges relating to childcare patterns and issues brought by complexities … the study will be carried out among families of preschool children with ASD to understand their experiences, childcare patterns, and issues. Qualitative survey research is based on ethnography, which is the study of the behaviors, perceptions, and interactions that take place within organizations, teams, communities, and groups … the views and experiences of families of preschool children with ASD will provide rich, holistic insights on this issue, help in answering the research questions, and address the gap in existing literature.
For data collection, the research will conduct observations and interviews on a group of families of children with autism spectrum disorders.……
References
References
Coogle, C.G., Guerette, A.R. & Hanline, M.F 2013. Early Intervention Experiences of Families with an Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Qualitative Pilot Study. Early Childhood Research & Practice, vol. 15, no. 1. Viewed 7 August 2019, http://ecrp.uiuc.edu/v15n1/coogle.html
Forest, E.J., Horner, R.H., Lewis-Palmer, T. & Todd, A.W 2004. Transitions for Young Children with Autism from Preschool to Kindergarten. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, vol. 6, no. 2, pp.103-112.
Jansen, H 2010. The Logic of Qualitative Survey Research and its Position in the Field of Social Research Methods. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, vol. 11, no. 2, pp.1-21.
Ponto, J 2015. Understanding and Evaluating Survey Research. Journal of the Advanced Practitioner in Oncology, vol. 6, no. 2, pp.168-171.
Reeves, S., Kuper, A. & Hodges, B.D 2008. Qualitative Research Methodologies: Ethnography. BMJ, vol. 337. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a1020
Reeves, S., Peller, J., Goldman, J. & Kitto, S 2013. Ethnography in Qualitative Educational Research: AMEE Guide No. 80. Medical Teacher, vol. 35, no. 8, pp.e1365-e1379.
Stahmer, A.C., Akshoomoff, N. & Cunningham, A.B 2011. Inclusion for Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Autism, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 625-641.
Stahmer, A.C., Collings, N.M. & Palinkas, L.A 2005. Early Intervention Practices for Children with Autism: Descriptions from Community Providers. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, vol. 20, no. 2, pp.66-79.
Study Document
How African Customary Social Practices Enhance Coping Strategies
… to note that African literature (written) does not include many works on how pandemics were managed. This situation justifies the need for more research into the customary practices and strategies that were used in Africa to cope with and to survive health crises and pandemics.
Problem Statement … These practices also help individuals to cope with health crises and can indeed help people cope with the current global coronavirus pandemic. This research is an attempt to find out social and customary…[break]…purposeful sampling to ensure information is specific and not automatically generalizable; (b) it pursues new … investigations when they emerge; and (c) it is a naturalistic methodology (Patton, 2014; Stuckey, 2013). These characteristics, coupled with the fact that qualitative research methodology focuses on how people understand experiences, make this methodology the best for finding out customary and religious practices that negatively contributed to … customary and religious practices that……
References
References
Abel-Smith, B., & Rawal, P. (1992). Can the poor afford ‘free’ health services? A case study of Tanzania. Health Policy and Planning, 7(4), 329-341.
Airhihenbuwa, C. O. (1995). Health and culture: Beyond the Western paradigm. Sage.
Fairhead, J. (2014). The significance of death, funerals, and the after-life in Ebola-hit Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Liberia: Anthropological insights into infection and social resistance.
Handler, J. S. (2016). Custom and law: The status of enslaved Africans in seventeenth-Century Barbados. Slavery & Abolition, 37(2), 233-255.
Iganus, R. B., & Haruna, A. (2017). The Strength of African Culture in Managing Family Crisis in a Globalized World. Anthropol, 5(197), 2332-0915.
Manguvo, A., & Mafuvadze, B. (2015). The impact of traditional and religious practices on the spread of Ebola in West Africa: time for a strategic shift. The Pan African Medical Journal, 22(Suppl 1).
Marsland, R. (2006). Community participation the Tanzanian way: Conceptual contiguity or power struggle? Oxford Development Studies, 34(1).
Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice. Sage publications.
Study Document
Psychological Health
Evidence-Based Programs and Practices in psychological health
Introduction
Numerous years of research and studies in clinical psychology have illustrated that how individuals process received information, particularly with an attentional bias (AB) to scary information as … phone, or via printed content. It is important to understand how these less intensive psychological treatment techniques compare to the more intense (conventional) methods.
Description of intervention
CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) refers to a focused method founded on the principle that cognitions affect behaviors and feelings, and … and behavioral therapy. The latter is founded on the concept that behavior is acquired and can thus be altered. Some examples of behavioral methods include relaxation, activity scheduling, behavior modification, and exposure.
The former is founded on the concept that maladaptive behaviors and distressing emotions are an … cognitive-behavioral therapy. Skills training (such as anger management, stress management, and social skills training) is another vital CBT……
References
References
Australian Psychological Society. (2010). Evidence?based psychological interventions in the treatment of mental disorders: A literature review. Victoria: Australian Psychological Association.
Barth, J., Munder, T., Gerger, H., Nüesch, E., Trelle, S., Znoj, H., ... & Cuijpers, P. (2016). Comparative efficacy of seven psychotherapeutic interventions for patients with depression: a network meta-analysis. Focus, 14(2), 229-243.
Castelnuovo, G. (2017). New and old adventures of clinical health psychology in the twenty-first century: standing on the shoulders of giants. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 1214.
Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J., Sawyer, A. T., & Fang, A. (2012). The efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Cognitive therapy and research, 36(5), 427-440.
Hughes, A. M., Gordon, R., Chalder, T., Hirsch, C. R., & Moss?Morris, R. (2016). Maximizing the potential impact of experimental research into cognitive processes in health psychology: A systematic approach to material development. British journal of health psychology, 21(4), 764-780.
Kirkham, J. G., Choi, N., & Seitz, D. P. (2016). Meta?analysis of problem solving therapy for the treatment of major depressive disorder in older adults. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 31(5), 526-535.
Lenz, A. S., Hall, J., & Bailey Smith, L. (2016). Meta-analysis of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for decreasing symptoms of acute depression. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 41(1), 44-70.
Linde, K., Rücker, G., Sigterman, K., Jamil, S., Meissner, K., Schneider, A., & Kriston, L. (2015). Comparative effectiveness of psychological treatments for depressive disorders in primary care: network meta-analysis. BMC family practice, 16(1), 103.
Study Document
Veterans Back Pain Exercise And Therapy
… of Veteran Affairs (VA), the costs of care for members with low back pain have been on the rise; necessitating the need for research on the effectiveness of some of the available methods for treating and managing low back pain. Some of the methods available are non-narcotic pain medication, yoga stretches, and physiotherapy. These interventions can be administered in combination or singly (Bagg et al., 2017). This … shown to have less than desired outcomes. As a result, most veterans with low back pain have resulted in one or several unconventional methods for management of the same. Some of these alternative strategies include non-narcotic medications, yoga stretches, and hot/cold therapy. Non-narcotic analgesics are an effective … was significantly lower for those practicing yoga stretches (Groessl et al., 2008; Williams et al., 2009).
Heat/cold therapy has also been shown by research findings to offer effective remedies for both acute and……
References
References
Bagg, M. K., Hübscher, M., Rabey, M., Wand, B. M., O’Hagan, E., Moseley, G. L., ... & O’Connell, N. E. (2017). The RESOLVE Trial for people with chronic low back pain: protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Journal of physiotherapy, 63(1), 47-48.
Chou, R., Deyo, R., Friedly, J., Skelly, A., Hashimoto, R., Weimer, M., ... & Grusing, S. (2017). Nonpharmacologic therapies for low back pain: a systematic review for an American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline. Annals of internal medicine, 166(7), 493-505.
Dehghan, M., & FarahbOD, F. (2014). The efficacy of thermotherapy and cryotherapy on pain relief in patients with acute low back pain, a clinical trial study. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 8(9), LC01.
Denneson, L. M., Corson, K., & Dobscha, S. K. (2011). Complementary and alternative medicine use among veterans with chronic noncancer pain—Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 48(9).
Guzmán, J., Esmail, R., Karjalainen, K., Malmivaara, A., Irvin, E., & Bombardier, C. (2001). Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for chronic low back pain: systematic review. BMJ, 322(7301), 1511-1516.
Hayden, J. A., Van Tulder, M. W., & Tomlinson, G. (2005). Systematic review: strategies for using exercise therapy to improve outcomes in chronic low back pain. Annals of internal medicine, 142(9), 776-785.
Kim, E. J., Choi, Y. D., Lim, C. Y., Kim, K. H., & Lee, S. D. (2015). Effect of heating and cooling combination therapy on patients with chronic low back pain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 16(1), 285.
Nitsure, P. V., Pathania, T. S., & Bilgi, T. A. (2014). Comparison of elastic resistance band exercises and yoga in physiotherapy students with chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Yoga & Physical Therapy, 5, 180.
Study Document
Role Of Descriptive Epidemiology In Nursing Science
… various diseases and the occurrences of those diseases in the given geographical area over time. Descriptive epidemiology is therefore capable of generating etiological research hypotheses (Liu, 2018). This paper discusses the role of descriptive epidemiology in nursing today.
Descriptive Epidemiology
Descriptive epidemiology refers to a method of … the exercise and then following the group for the duration of the study to identify any health changes (Katzmarzyk et al., 2017). The research normally considers different exposures and outcomes and they are measured by self-questionnaire, observation, or from linkages to already existing data.
Conclusion
Epidemiology is … public health stakeholders and also outlines the nature of various conditions in given populations. It is an ever-evolving field and new strategies and methods that yield better results for public health efforts are developed year over year.
Descriptive epidemiology categorizes the appearance and occurrence of diseases based ……
References
References
Liu, L., (2018). “Chapter 1 – Introduction.” In Heart Failure: Epidemiology and Research Methods. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1-12.
Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2015). Public health nursing-e-book: Population-centered health care in the community. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Richards, E. A., & Cai, Y. (2016). Integrative review of nurse-delivered physical activity interventions in primary care. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 38(4), 484-507.
Katzmarzyk, P. T., Lee, I. M., Martin, C. K., & Blair, S. N. (2017). Epidemiology of physical activity and exercise training in the United States. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 60(1), 3-10.
Mandl, M., Halfens, R. J., & Lohrmann, C. (2015). Incontinence care in nursing homes: a cross?sectional study. Journal of advanced nursing, 71(9), 2142-2152.
Oyesanya, T. O., Bowers, B. J., Royer, H. R., & Turkstra, L. S. (2018). Nurses’ concerns about caring for patients with acute and chronic traumatic brain injury. Journal of clinical nursing, 27(7-8), 1408-1419.
Heavey, E. (2018). Statistics for nursing: A practical approach. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Colditz, G., Nguyen, N., & Dart, H. (2016). Physical activity and health. In International Encyclopedia of Public Health (pp. 463-472). Elsevier Inc.
Study Document
Government Politics And Political Corruption Values
… corruption, supplier collusion, and the corrosion of civic trust. George Mason Law Review, Forthcoming TLI Think! Paper 5/2019 King's College London Law School research Paper No. 19-14
This source critiques existing tools for measuring the types and the effects of multiple forms of corruption. Claiming that existing … Claiming that existing tools have proven ineffective and insufficient for truly capturing the extent of the effects of corruption, the authors consider the methods that can be used to strengthen and improve methodologies. Then, the authors focus specifically on supplier collusion and corruption in public procurement markets, … presumably politically biased media—and public perceptions of legitimacy. Although the author starts off with a biased assumption, it is interesting to note the methods used in this research. The author takes into account both individual variables and also institutional factors in the analysis. Methodology used includes public opinion survey data from … countries.……
Study Document
Healthcare Scientific Merit
Scientific Merit Paper
This paper will analyze Doekhie and coworkers’ 2018 research work titled “The different perspectives of patients, informal caregivers, and professionals on patient involvement in primary care teams. A qualitative study”. This analysis … informal caregivers, and professionals on patient involvement in primary care teams. A qualitative study”. This analysis will entail an evaluation of how the research work contributes to scientific knowledge and research theory, its dependability and credibility, approaches to deal with any ethical concerns relating to the research, and how the research applied different techniques of inquiry.
Advancement of the scientific knowledge base
The research work adds to the literature on the subject through examining the issue of patient participation in the health-related decision?making process in the course … healthcare implementation from the point of view of a few of the sector’s key stakeholders, namely, practitioners, patients, and informal caregivers. Hence, this research work aids……
References
References
Brook, R. H., & Vaiana, M. E. (2015). Using the knowledge base of health services research to redefine health care systems. Journal of general internal medicine, 30(10), 1547-1556.
Cutcliffe, J. R., & McKenna, H. P. (1999). Establishing the credibility of qualitative research findings: the plot thickens. Journal of advanced nursing, 30(2), 374-380.
Doekhie, K. D., Strating, M. M., Buljac?Samardzic, M., van de Bovenkamp, H. M., & Paauwe, J. (2018). The different perspectives of patients, informal caregivers, and professionals on patient involvement in primary care teams. A qualitative study. Health Expectations, 21(6), 1171-1182.
Eccles, M., Grimshaw, J., Walker, A., Johnston, M., & Pitts, N. (2005). Changing the behavior of healthcare professionals: the use of theory in promoting the uptake of research findings. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 58(2), 107-112.
Leedy, P.D. & Ormrod, J. E. (2019). Practical research: Planning and design, 12th edition. Pearson Education, Hudson Street, NY.
Sanjari, M., Bahramnezhad, F., Fomani, F. K., Shoghi, M., & Cheraghi, M. A. (2014). Ethical challenges of researchers in qualitative studies: The necessity to develop a specific guideline. Journal of medical ethics and history of medicine, 7.
Swan, J., Clarke, A., Nicolini, D., Powell, J., Scarbrough, H., Roginski, C., ... & Taylor-Phillips, S. (2012). Evidence in Management Decisions (EMD): advancing knowledge utilization in healthcare management.
Thomas, D. R. (2017). Feedback from research participants: are member checks useful in qualitative research?. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 14(1), 23-41.
Study Document
Applying Psychology To Leadership
… me with a strong grounding in the key material on workplace motivation, and from there I was able to apply my knowledge of research methods to determine the best way to solve a problem. I think that overall this was a highly valuable course for me, one that … to this learning. The first is the understanding of fundamental principles that I acquired, and the second is the understanding of how to research in a given area to determine what has been learned at the scholarly level, and what gaps might exist in that level that ……
Study Document
Disruptive Behaviors Of Students
… participants of the study. The two are, at present, enrolled in a behavioral support classroom setting. Neither has knowingly taken part in any research or been involved with self-monitoring or tactile prompt interventions. Both were enrolled in the very same class, require behavioral support, and suffer from … prompt interventions. Both were enrolled in the very same class, require behavioral support, and suffer from various disabilities.
Setting
The setting of the research was a self-contained classroom, with the two students referred for serious behavioral issues. Both took part in a behavioral support unit-developed token-economy points … laptop). Information gatherers observed subjects as discreetly as they could. For decreasing reactivity, observers observed lessons for several weeks before gathering information for research. All subject response opportunities were recorded on the information acquisition form, in addition to whether or not participant response was right. Right responses … was deemed by the observer……
References
References
Bailey, J. S., & Burch, M. R. (2018). Research methods in applied behavior analysis, 2nd edition. Routledge.
Barlow, D. H., Nock, M., & Hersen, M. (2009). Single case experimental designs: Strategies for studying behavior for change (No. Sirsi) i9780205474554).
Carr, J. E. (2005). Recommendations for reporting multiple?baseline designs across participants. Behavioral Interventions: Theory & Practice in Residential & Community?Based Clinical Programs, 20(3), 219-224.
Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward W.L. (2020). Applied Behaviour Analysis (Third Edition). Pearson Education, Inc.
Petscher, E. S., & Bailey, J. S. (2006). Effects of training, prompting, and self?monitoring on staff behavior in a classroom for students with disabilities. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 39(2), 215-226.
Study Document
Policy On Shift Swapping
...Research methods Policy on Shift Swapping
Shift swapping is a common practice in modern workplaces both in the public and private sectors. Organizations including federal agencies have established shift swapping policies through which employees engage in shift swap. This practice has positive impacts as it enhances employee retention and performance. Generally, shift swapping provides a framework for hourly workers to shift their working hours in order to response to pressing issues such as family responsibilities (Disselkamp, 2013). In addition to enhancing employee retention and performance, shift swapping also contributes to workplace flexibility. For this federal agency, shift swapping is a common practice for part- and full-time employees. However, some full-time employees have abused the policy, which has resulted in significant negative impacts such as the recent incident of a part-time employee who was injured at the workplace following shift swap. This report examines the timecard scandal and abuse of the agency’s shift……
References
References
Bowen, G.A. (2009). Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40. DOI: 10.3316/QRJ0902027
Disselkamp, L. (Ed.). (2013). Workforce Asset Management Book of Knowledge. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Golden, L. (2015, April 9). Irregular Work Scheduling and Its Consequences. Retrieved May 20, 2020, from https://www.epi.org/publication/irregular-work-scheduling-and-its-consequences/
Paychex. (2019, November 13). How to Manage and Minimize Trading Shifts at Work. Retrieved May 12, 2020, from https://www.paychex.com/articles/payroll-taxes/how-to-manage-and-minimize-trading-shifts-at-work
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