Evolution Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Evolution Of Forensic Science
...Evolution Forensic science evolved as an attempt to introduce scientific methods into criminal justice. From the 18th century onward, advancements in chemistry, biology, and physics paved the way for forensic science (Gaensslen & Larsen, 2019). Likewise, the routine use of autopsy and forensic pathology helped improve the ability to understand the causes of death (Gaensslen & Larsen, 2019). Forensic science steadily evolved, in conjunctions with advancements in scientific instruments and the methods used for data collection and analysis. DNA evidence and analysis has made a huge impact on forensic science. Current concerns in forensic science include the need for increased reliability and validity of forensic science methods, as well as public perceptions of forensic science. Because perceptions of forensic science could have a direct impact on juror decisions, distinguishing real from junk science becomes one of the most important issues in criminal justice.
Scientific Methods in Forensic Science
Forensic scientific methods……
References
References
Ballantyne, K. N., Edmond, G., & Found, B. (2017). Peer review in forensic science. Forensic Science International, 277, 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.05.020
Bell, S., Sah, S., Albright, T. D., Gates, S. J., Jr, Denton, M. B., & Casadevall, A. (2018). A call for more science in forensic science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of The United States of America, 115(18), 4541–4544. https://doi.org//10.1073/pnas.1712161115
Gaensslen, R. E., & Larsen, K. (2019). Introductory forensic science (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://content.ashford.edu/
Kaplan , A. B., & Puracal, J. C. (2018). It’s not a match: Why the law can’t let go of junk science. Albany Law Review, 81(3), 895–939. Retrieved from http://www.albanylawreview.org/Pages/home.aspx
National Research Council 2009. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/12589 .
Redmayne, M., Roberts, P., Aitken, C., & Jackson, G. (2011). Forensic science evidence in question. Criminal Law Review 5, 347–356 Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Graham_Jackson6/publication/265654577_Forensic_Science_Evidence_in_Question/links/55006b8d0cf2aee14b548b62/Forensic-Science-Evidence-in-Question.pdf
Shelton, D. E. (2008, March). The ‘CSI effect:’ Does it really exist?. NIJ Journal, 259. Retrieved from https://www.nij.gov/journals/259/pages/csi-effect.aspx#author
Study Document
Baseline Tectonics Of The Arabian Plate
Pan-African Cratonization (about 800 to 680 Ma)
Nehlig et al. (2002) conducted a study to review the Pan-African evolution of the Arabian Shield on the premise that new perspectives on the geologic history and structural evolution on the Arabian Shield had emerged. These new perspectives were brought by the extensive fieldwork as well as synthesis and review of structural, … perspectives were brought by the extensive fieldwork as well as synthesis and review of structural, aeromagnetic, geochemical, geologic, and geochronological data. The geologic evolution of the Arabian Shield took place between 900 to 550 Ma. This period was also characterized by the “formation, amalgamation, and final Pan-African … transpressional accretion instead of being two distinct events as proposed in earlier studies.
Reference
Nehlig et al. (2002). A Review of the Pan-African Evolution of the Arabian Shield. GeoArabia, 7(1), 103-124.
Pan-African Plate Tectonics
An important component of Pan-African Cratonization is the……
References
Reference
Caby, R. (2003, May 27). Terrane Assembly and Geodynamic Evolution of Central-Western Hoggar: A Synthesis. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 37, 133-159.
Kroner, A., Roobol, M.J., Ramsay, C.R. & Jackson, N.J. (2013, February 28). Pan African Ages of Some Gneissic Rocks in the Saudi Arabian Shield. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 136, 455-461.
Black, R. & Liegeois, J.P. (1993). Cratons, Mobile Belts, Alkaline Rocks and Continential Lithospheric Mantle: The Pan-African Testimony. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 150, 89-98.
Heikal et al. (2013, May). Lithostratigraphy, Deformation History, and Tectonic Evolution of the Basement Rocks, Republic of Yemen: An Overview. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 7(5), 1-12.
Kroner, A. (2000). Pan African Plate Tectonics and It’s Repercussions on the Crust of Northeast Africa. Geologische Rundschau, 68(2), 565-583.
Nehlig et al. (2002). A Review of the Pan-African Evolution of the Arabian Shield. GeoArabia, 7(1), 103-124.
Study Document
Female Hip Hop Artists Impact
… ethos evolved as the counterpart to a broader movement for social and political change. Women have remained at the forefront of the cultural revolution that is hip hop, ensuring that feminist values and ideals become mainstream while also making sure that feminism does not become whitewashed. Patriarchal ……
References
Works Cited
Bruce, La Mar Jurelle. “’The People Inside My Head, Too’: Madness, Black Womanhood, and the Radical Performance of Lauryn Hill.” African American Review, Vol. 45, No. 3 (2012): 371-389.
Jamerson, J’na. ““Best-of” lists and conversations often exclude women. Why?” BBC. 8 Oct, 2019. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20191007-why-are-there-so-few-women-in-best-of-hip-hop-polls
Morris, Tyana. “The Evolution of Women in Hip Hop.” The Pine Needle. 31 Jan, 2018. Retreived from https://www.pineneedlenews.com/single-post/2018/01/31/The-Evolution-of-Women-in-Hip-Hop
Orcutt, KC. “Each One, Teach One | What generations of women in hip hop teach us about perseverance.” Revolt. Oct 16, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.revolt.tv/2019/10/16/20917629/women-in-hip-hop-lessons
Oware, Matthew. “A ‘Man’s Woman’?” Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 39, No. 5 (2007): 786-802.
Tillet, S. (2014). Strange Sampling: Nina Simone and Her Hip-Hop Children. American Quarterly, 66(1), 119–137. doi:10.1353/aq.2014.0006
UDiscover (2019). Let’s talk about the female MCs who shaped hip-hop. Dec 9, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/the-female-rappers-who-shaped-hip-hop/
White, Theresa R. “Missy “Misdemeanor” Elliott and Nicki Minaj.” Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 44, No. 6, (2013): 607–626. doi:10.1177/0021934713497365
Study Document
Positive And Negative Effects Athletic Performance And Caffeine
… proscribed substance, it has incorporated caffeine to be part of the monitoring program, which functions to institute kinds of misappropriation in athletic competition (Evolution Nutrition, 2015).
Conclusion
Caffeine is an intricate substance that is contained in numerous organic compounds and is significantly consumed by humans in different ……
References
References
Anthony, G. (2019). Positive and negative effects of caffeine on athletes. Align Thoughts. Retrieved from: https://www.alignthoughts.com/positive-and-negative-effects-of-caffeine-on-athletes/
Dunford, M., & Doyle, J. A. (2011). Nutrition for sport and exercise. Cengage Learning.
Evolution Nutrition. (2015). How Caffeine Affects Athletic Performance. Retrieved from: https://www.acefitness.org/education-and-resources/professional/expert-articles/5407/how-caffeine-affects-athletic-performance/
Jenkinson, D. M., & Harbert, A. J. (2008). Supplements and sports. American family physician, 78(9), 1039-1046.
Letter, W. (1995). The New Wellness Encyclopedia. University of California at Berkeley.
Mattioli, A. V., Sisca, G., & Farinetti, A. (2019). Potential negative effects of caffeine in athletes. Progress in Nutrition, 21(1), 241-242.
McDaniel, L. W., McIntire, K., Streitz, C., Jackson, A., & Gaudet, L. (2010). The effects of caffeine on athletic performance. College Teaching Methods & Styles Journal (CTMS), 6(1), 33-38.
Mishra, D. (2018). Caffeine For Athletic Performance: Good Or Avoid? Sideline Sports. Retrieved from: https://www.sidelinesportsdoc.com/caffeine-for-athletic-performance-good-or-avoid/
Study Document
Cystic Fibrosis
… recommended, however, the decision for lung transplant, a single, or a double lung transplant should be made by the doctor. Over the years, evolution is medicine has……
References
Bibliography
Cystic fibrosis. U.S. National Library of Medicine, U.S. gov. https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cystic-fibrosis . Published January 21, 2020. Accessed January 24, 2020
Cystic Fibrosis, WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/children/what-is-cystic-fibrosis#2 , December 12, 2019. Accessed January 24, 2020.
Lung Transplant, Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/lung-transplant/about/pac-20384754 , July 11, 2019. Accessed January 24, 2020.
Livingston Jr. FR, Cystic Fibrosis. KidsHealth. https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cf.html?WT.ac=ctg April, 2014. Accessed January 24, 2020.
Study Document
Cyber Espionage
...Evolution Abstract
Cyber espionage has become a critical component of modern cyber warfare as nation-states increasingly rely on cyberspace. However, cyber espionage had generated concerns regarding its acceptability given its potential threats to national security. This qualitative case study research explores the proposition that cyber security should be deemed an acceptable state behavior while cyber attack is unacceptable. This study seeks to answer the question, “How is cyber espionage an acceptable state behavior for intelligence gathering though it potentially damages relations between nation-states?” The qualitative case study examined existing studies on this issue and employed thematic analysis to analyze the data. The study found that cyber espionage is an acceptable state behavior since it plays a key role in cyber warfare, helps to establish appropriate countermeasures against cyberattacks and potential threats in cyberspace, and enhances intelligence gathering. While the study provides significant insights on this topic, future studies should examine the……
References
Bibliography
Ablon, L. “Data Thieves: The Motivations of Cyber Threat Actors and Their Use and Monetization of Stolen Data.” RAND Corporation, March 2018. https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/testimonies/CT400/CT490/RAND_CT490.pdf
Agarwal A. & CERT-IN. “Cyber Espionage, Infiltration and Combating Techniques.” Indian Computer Emergency Response Team, 2013. https://www.cert-in.org.in/Downloader?pageid=5&type=2&fileName=CIPS-2013-0128.pdf
Banks, W.C. “Cyber Espionage and Electronic Surveillance: Beyond the Media Coverage.” Emory law Journal 66, (2017).
Baxter, P. & Jack, S. “Qualitative Case Study Methodology: Study Design and Implementation for Novice Researchers.” The Qualitative Report 13, no. 4 (2008).
Brown, G. “Spying and Fighting in Cyberspace: What is Which?” Journal of National Security Law & Policy 8, (2017).
Connell, M. & Vogler, S. “Russia’s Approach to Cyber Warfare.” CNA Analysis and Solutions, 2017. https://www.cna.org/CNA_files/PDF/DOP-2016-U-014231-1Rev.pdf
Creswell, J.W. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.
Diplomacy Data. “Cyber Security and Cyber Espionage in International Relations.” Diplomacy Data, 2015. http://diplomacydata.com/cyber-security-and-cyber-espionage-in-international-relations/
Study Document
The Importance Of A Healthy Lifestyle For College Students
...Evolution Review of Chapter One from Introduction to Wellness, Fitness, and Lifestyle Management
As the nation continues to struggle to recover from the ongoing Covid-19 virus pandemic, the concept of wellness has assumed new importance and relevance. Furthermore, until just a century or so ago, humans were far less concerned about the concept of wellness over the lifespan simply because they died much younger than most people do today. In sharp contrast, though, children born today have a reasonably good chance of living into their hundreds, assuming the current pandemic is resolved in the foreseeable future. Against this backdrop, it is important to develop a better understanding concerning the fundamental factors that contribute to human wellness. To this end, the purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of chapter one from Introduction to Wellness, Fitness and Lifestyle Management. Following the review, a summary of the research and key……
References
References
Hermon, D. A. & Davis, G. A. (2009, Spring). College student wellness: A comparison between traditional- and nontraditional-age students. Journal of College Counseling, 7(1), 32-36.
Holland, D. & Wheeler, H. (2016, Fall). College student stress and mental health: Examination of stigmatic views on mental health counseling. Michigan Sociological Review, 30, 16-21.
Introduction to wellness, fitness, and lifestyle management.
Seat belts overview (2020). Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Retrieved from https://www.iihs.org/topics/seat-belts .
Walsh, B. (2015, Spring). America\\\\\\'s evolution toward wellness. Generations, 39(1), 23-26.
Study Document
US Healthcare Reimbursement And Insurance Issues
… current patient outcomes must consider financial planning. Those bracing for the future are also better equipped to handle coming change. With the swift evolution of healthcare markets, it is sometimes difficult to ascertain where best to allocate funds and how to balance capital budgets. But organizations prepared ……
References
References
Araujo, M. (2020). Health and medical insurance differences: HMO, PPO, POS, EPO. Retrieved from https://www.thebalance.com/health-and-medical-insurance-2645378
Bertram, M. Y., Lauer, J. A., De Joncheere, K. D., Edejer, T., Hutubessy, R., Kieny, M. P., & Hill, S. R. (2016). Cost-effectiveness thresholds: pros and cons. Bull World Health Organ, 94, 925–930. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.15.164418926
Dey, P., & Bach, P. B. (2019). The 6 functions of health insurance. The JAMA Forum, 321(13), 1242-1243. DOI:10.1001/jama.2019.2320
Ho, A. (2015). Health insurance. Encyclopedia of Global Bioethics. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298022702_Health_Insurance
IMedPub. (2020). Health insurance. Retrieved from https://www.imedpub.com/scholarly/health-insurance-journals-articles-ppts-list.php
Maruthappu, M., Hasan, A., & Zeltner, T. (2016). Enablers and barriers in implementing integrated care. Health System & Reform, 1(4), 250-256. https://doi.org/10.1080/23288604.2015.1077301
Sekhri, N. (2000). Managed care: The US experience. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78(6), 830-844. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/bulletin/archives/78(6)830.pdf
Strata Decision Technology. (2020). Healthcare and hospital capital budget. Retrieved from https://www.stratadecision.com/healthcare-and-hospital-capital-budget/
Study Document
Trolley Problems And Self Driving Cars
...Evolution The Limits of Deontology and Utilitarianism in the Trolley Problem
Introduction
The trolley problem is an old moral quandary that essentially has no wrong or right answer. It is a kind of worst case scenario in which one must choose the lesser of two evils. For example, a runaway trolley is set to crash and kill five people, but by throwing a lever you might spare those five but take the life of one innocent man crossing a connecting set of tracks. Is there a morally wrong or right answer to the question? And how does it apply in the case of self-driving cars? How should an engineer program an autonomous vehicle to respond to such a worst case scenario? Should the machine be programmed to swerve and take the life of an innocent man on the sidewalk so as to avoid taking the lives of five people dead ahead……
References
Works Cited
Carter, Stacy M. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Overdiagnosis, ethics, and trolley problems: why factors other than outcomes matter—an essay by Stacy Carter.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Bmj 358 (2017): j3872.
Ewing, J. “German Court Says Tesla Self-Driving Claims Are Misleading.” New York Times, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/14/business/tesla-autopilot-germany.html
Himmelreich, Johannes. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Never mind the trolley: The ethics of autonomous vehicles in mundane situations.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 21.3 (2018): 669-684.
Marshall, Aarian. “What Can the Trolley Problem Teach Self-Driving Car Engineers?” Wired, 2010. https://www.wired.com/story/trolley-problem-teach-self-driving-car-engineers/
Nyholm, Sven. \\\\\\\\\\\\"The ethics of crashes with self?driving cars: A roadmap, I.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Philosophy Compass 13.7 (2018): e12507.
Nyholm, Sven, and Jilles Smids. \\\\\\\\\\\\"The ethics of accident-algorithms for self-driving cars: An applied trolley problem?.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Ethical theory and moral practice 19.5 (2016): 1275-1289.
Pojman, L. and J. Fieser. Ethics: Discovering Right and Wrong. Cengage, 2012.
Snow, Nancy E. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Neo-Aristotelian Virtue Ethics.\\\\\\\\\\\\" The Oxford Handbook of Virtue. Oxford University Press, 2018. 321.
Study Document
History Of Bilingual Education
Education, especially bilingual education and its evolution in the United States, has paved its way in every state with differences in approaches and choices of language being taught. A part ……
References
References
Banks, J. A. (1995). Multicultural Education: Its Effects on Students\\\\\\\\\\\\' Racial and Gender Role Attitudes. Handbook of Research on Multicultural Education (pp. 617-627). New York: Macmillan.
Gándara, P., & Escamilla, K. (2017). Bilingual education in the United States. Bilingual and multilingual education, 1-14.
Ovando, C. J. (2003). Bilingual education in the United States: Historical development and current issues. Bilingual research journal, 27(1), 1-24.
Saravia-Shore, M., & Arvizu, S. F. (2017). Cross-cultural literacy: An anthropological approach to dealing with diversity. In Cross-cultural Literacy (pp. xv-xxxviii). Routledge.
Wei, L. (2013). Integration of Multicultural Education into English Teaching and Learning: A Case Study in Liaoning Police Academy. Theory & Practice in Language Studies, 3(4).
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