Public Relations Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Organizational Situations And Interventions
...Public relations Socialization Activity
Socialization is an important component to the success and effectiveness of an organizational setting. Workplace socialization or social interaction is associated with numerous benefits for both the individuals and the organization. However, organizations are sometimes faced with socialization issues that negatively impact employee engagement and productivity. An example of an organizational situation relating to socialization is the integration of new members. Organization X has established human resource policies and plans to integrate new members into the workforce. However, these policies and practices are seemingly ineffective because new employees report of role uncertainties as they are not adequately informed of their specific duties. Consequently, the participation or engagement of new employees in the organization’s workplace is significantly affected. New employees state that they do not feel a sense of belonging and face numerous uncertainties in this working environment.
Relevant Research
Korte (2007) states that socialization in an organization is……
References
References
Bhui, K., Dinos, S., Galant-Miecznikowska, M., de Jongh, B. & Stanfeld, S. (2016, December). Perceptions of Work Stress Causes and Effective Interventions in Employees Working in Public, Private and Non-governmental Organizations: A Qualitative Study. BJPsych Bulletin, 40(6), 318-325.
Kelly, E.L., Moen, P. & Tranby, E. (2011, April). Changing Workplaces to Reduce Work-Family Conflict: Schedule Control in a White-Collar Organization. American Sociological Review, 76(2), 265-290.
Khan, N. & Khurshid, S. (2017, February). Workplace Stress and Employee Wellbeing: Case of Health Care Staff in UAE. European Scientific Journal, 13(5), 217-226.
Korte, R.F. (2007). The Socialization of Newcomers into Organizations: Integrating Learning and Social Exchange Processes. Retrieved from Institute of Education Sciences website: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED504550.pdf
Kossek, E.E. & Lee, K. (2017, October). Work-Family Conflict and Work-Life Conflict. Retrieved March 24, 2020, from https://oxfordre.com/business/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190224851.001.0001/acrefore-9780190224851-e-52?print=pdf
Njegovan, B.R. & Kostic, B. (2014). Impact of Organizational Socialization Towards Employees’ Social Adaptation. Journal of Engineering Management and Competitiveness, 4(1), 34-40.
Van Kleef, D., Steen, T. & Schott, C. (2017, October 26). Informal Socialization in Public Organizations: Exploring the Impact of Informal Socialization on Enforcement Behavior of Dutch Veterinary Inspectors. Public Administration, 97(1), 81-96.
Zhou, S., Da, S., Guo, H. & Zhang, X. (2018, April 17). Work-Family Conflict and Mental Health Among Female Employees: A Sequential Mediation Model via Negative Affect and Perceived Stress. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(544), doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00544
Study Document
The Impact Of The Black Death On European Society
… to the breakdown of morals, values, and ethics in the quest for self-preservation and survival. Boccaccio observed the “little regard that citizens and relations showed to each other...a brother even fled from his brother” (169). Writing about another Tuscan town Sienna, Di Tura likewise chronicles that to … (169). Perhaps in some ways, the rise in selfish behaviors foreshadowed the age of individualism and the shift from communalism among the general public towards self-seeking entrepreneurial pursuits.
The Black Death led to the reorganization of European societies on an unprecedented level, and at an unforeseen pace. … or alive, scapegoated as they were, believed by some to have caused the Black Death itself given in part to the rise in public panic but also to the fact that the Black Death may very well have originated in the Holy Land (3). The loss of ……
References
Works Cited
The Anonimalle Chronicle: The English Peasants’ Revolt (1381).
Boccaccio, Giovanni. The Decameron: The Plague Hits Florence. (ca. 1350).
Cohn, Samuel K. “The Black Death and the Burning of Jews.” Past & Present, Volume 196, Issue 1, August 2007, Pages 3–36,
Di Tura, Angelo. Sienese Chronicle (1348-1351).
Petrarca-Meister, The Social Order (ca. 1515).
Sloan AW. The Black Death in England. South African Medical Journal = Suid-afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Geneeskunde. 1981 Apr;59(18):646-650.
Study Document
Using An Epidemiological Approach To Critically Analyze A Population
… would be prudent to introduce the difference between basic and contingent sources (which are termed, elsewhere, as sufficient and probabilistic grounds respectively). The relations between a contingent source and a healthcare outcome is dependent on the association of the former with any fundamental source. Hence, psychosocial adversity … adversity may end up, resulting in greater illness risks in scenarios wherein psychosocial adversity proved to be linked positively to smoking. All these relations aren't automatic (Macleod & Smith, 2003).
Karasek model. Karasek created a model influencing Demand-Control, which scrutinizes factors associated with psychosocial workplace attributes. Moreover, ……
References
References
Cladellas, R., & Castelló, A. (2011). University Professors\\\\\\\\\\\\' Stress and Perceived State of Health in Relation to Teaching Schedules. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 9(23), 217–240.
Eatough, E., Way, J., & Chang, C. (2012). Understanding the link between psychosocial work stressors and work-related musculoskeletal complaints. Appl Egron, 43(3), 554-63. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21944295
Fernandes, M., & Rocha, M. (2009). Impact of the psychosocial aspects of work on the quality of life of teachers. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 31(1). Retrieved from http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-44462009000100005
Goetz, K., Berger, S., Gavartina, A., Zaroti, S., & Szecsenyi, J. (2015). How psychosocial factors affect wellbeing of practice assistants at work in general medical care? – a questionnaire survey. BMC Fam Pract, 16, 166. DOI: 10.1186/s12875-015-0366-y
Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library. (2019). Case-control study. Retrieved from https://himmelfarb.gwu.edu/tutorials/studydesign101/casecontrols.cfm
Jardim, J., & Pereira, A. (2016). Perceived impact of lifelong training in teachers. Interacções, 31(42), 22–31.
Karasek, R., Baker, D., Marxer, F., Ahlbom, A., & Theorell, T. (1981). Job decision latitude, job demands, and cardiovascular disease: a prospective study of Swedish men. Am J Public Health, 71(7), 694-705.
Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. J., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L. T., … Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959–976. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12214795
Study Document
CEOs And Presidents
… expert power and charismatic power to influence those around him, particularly stakeholders with whom he engages on Twitter, where he communicates to the public at large. Leveraging Twitter is a way to influence stakeholders (Malhotra & Malhotra, 2016).
Role of Influence in Contemporary Leadership
Influence is highly …
The factors that affect these influence processes include characteristics of the leader, the follower, the situation and the culture in which the leader-follower relations transpires. Stressful environments will have a different impact on the influence process as opposed to calm, stress-free environments. Followers who are facing a … the wrong way but will be appreciated by others for being a decision maker. Influence is a highly personal exchange, and no two relations will be alike.
Methodology Used to Identify and Research the Leaders Selected
There is no one definition of leadership that is one size ……
References
References
Bromley, H. R. (2007). Are you a transformational leader?. Physician Executive, 33(6), 54.
Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2014). Do role models matter? An investigation of role modeling as an antecedent of perceived ethical leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(4), 587-598.
Chamers, M.M. (2014). An Integrative Theory of Leadership (4thed.). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
De Vries, M.F.K. (1998). Charisma in action: The transformational abilities of Virgin's Richard Branson and ABB's Percy Barnevik. Organizational Dynamics, 26(3), 7-21.
Healthcare Technology Report. (2019). Alex Gorsky is the all-American CEO. Retrieved from https://thehealthcaretechnologyreport.com/alex-gorsky-is-the-all-american-ceo/
Holmes, A. (2007). Ethics: Approaching moral decisions. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.
Kameda, T., Ohtsubo, Y., & Takezawa, M. (1997). Centrality in sociocognitive networks and social influence: An illustration in a group decision-making context. Journal of personality and social psychology, 73(2), 296.
Kolodny, L. (2018). Elon Musk’s extreme micromanagement has wasted time and money at Tesla, insiders say. Retrieved from https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/19/tesla-ceo-elon-musk-extreme-micro-manager.html
Study Document
Enron Corporate Scandal And Microeconomics
… ways. First, Enron created an artificial electricity shortage through which it continued acting as a middleman. During this process, the company drained the public millions of dollars by trading on price fluctuations. Once the company could no longer use this strategy, the employed another tactic. After making ……
References
Works Cited
Amadeo, Kimberly. “Deregulation Pros, Cons, and Examples.” The Balance, The Balance, 16 Jan. 2020, https://www.thebalance.com/deregulation-definition-pros-cons-examples-3305921
Gibney, Alex, director. Enron: The Smartest Guys In the Room. YouTube, Magnolia Pictures, 20 Oct. 2009, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIwFO4_SWQQ&has_verified=1
Kienitz, Paul M. “ENRON: THE SMARTEST GUYS IN THE ROOM (2005).” Paulkienitz.net, Paulkienitz.net, https://paulkienitz.net/enron/smartest-guys.html
Study Document
Sociology Law And Identity
… this is best illustrated in the Middle East as compared to Western culture, where in the Middle East certain behaviors, e.g., kissing in public, in public is illegal as compared to in the west. This is basically as a result of the differences in the traditional cultures of these … no doubt that traditional culture exists, and even though it is an invisible aspect of society, it can be manifested through language, music, relations between the various members of the community. The only sensible question, therefore, is, to what extent does culture share individuals' identity and, by ……
References
References
Renteln, A. D. (2004). The cultural defense. Oxford University Press.
Study Document
Healthcare Program
… as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – CDC (2017) observes, program evaluation is of great essence in the further improvement of public health undertakings. This is more so the case given that in most cases, the said evaluation makes use of processes that are accurate. ……
References
References
Eberhart, N.K., Burnam, M.A., Berry, S.H., Collins, R.L., Ebener, P.A., Ramchand, R., Stein, B.D. & Woodbridge, M.W. (2015). Evaluation of California\\\\'s Statewide Mental Health Prevention and Early Intervention Programs: Summary of Key Year 2 Findings. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
Study Document
Cultural Identity Development
...Public relations Abstract
This paper addresses the significance of ethnic or cultural identity. It deals with the identity of socially advantaged as well as disadvantaged groups and my relation to them. Additionally, it highlights the significance of the self-identity concept. The Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity (MMRI), put forward by Smith, Sellers, Shelton and colleagues (1998), has been utilized to address all of the above aspects. The paper further explains the model, applying its dimensions to various self-identity aspects. Finally, the paper delves into the way such identity-related aspects intersect with one another.
Introduction
Identity is multifaceted in nature: it may be relational and circumstantial, as well as concurrently permanent, changing and dynamic. Identity development occurs via a process of socialization. It may or may not be self-established. It is, rather frequently, employed in the labeling and categorization of persons believed to possess oppositional or dual differences. Additionally, identity represents a construct applied in creating social……
References
References
Allport, G. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Babbitt, N. (2013). Identities: Markers of power and privilege. Retrieved from https://justdessertsblog.wordpress.com/2013/09/15/identities-markers-of-power-and-privilege/
Baldwin, J. A. (1984). African self-consciousness and the mental health of African-Americans. Journal of Black Studies, 15, 177-194.
Clark, K. B. (1965). Dark ghetto. New York: Harper & Row.
Cross, W. E. (1991). Shades of black: Diversity in African-American identity. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Horowitz, R. (1939). Racial aspects of self-identification in nursery school children. Journal of Psychology, 7, 91-99.
Kambon, K. (I 992). The African personality in America: An Aitricancentered framework. Tallahassee, FL: Nubian Nation Publications
Kardiner, A., & Ovesey, L. (1951). The mark of oppression. New York: Norton.
Study Document
Individuals Using Customary Practices In Times Of Crises
...Public relations Allen-Meares, P. & Garvin, C. (Eds.). (2000). The Handbook of Social Work Direct Practice. New York, SAGE. This is not a primary source, but the definition of crisis could be used in the proposal.
An assessment of the customary practices utilized by individuals in times of crisis would not be complete without a clear definition of ‘crisis’ in the context of the said practices. In seeking to define the term crisis, the cited authors of the relevant piece in the volume are definite that we must base our perspectives on subjective reality. This is more so the case given that “what precipitates a crisis episode in one individual might not generate such a response in another person” (327). This is true for communities as well. It, therefore, follows that this is an essential resource in the definition of what constitutes a crisis at both the individual and community levels. This……
References
Roberts. A.R. (Ed.). (2005). Crisis Intervention Handbook: Assessment, Treatment, and Research (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Sama’ila, A. (2019). Economic crisis and the coping strategies of indigenous automobile entrepreneurs in northern Nigeria, 1983-2014. Sociology International Journal, 3(6), 437-442.
Study Document
Counterintelligence Issues Within The United States
… tended to characterize some nations’ approaches to statecraft in the modern era.
Without imposing moral conditions on counterintelligence, the possibility of developing trusting relations in the future is lost. Cohen (2016) has no answer to this because his view is colored by a zero sum game mentality, … counterintelligence, it is likely that its history in the US would be less fraught with conflicts of interest, human failings, ulterior motives, problematic relations, and questionable tactics. The reason such a framework has not been applied is that it is viewed as restrictive and inapplicable in the … which power is sought and used by groups in order to obtain or maintain possession of vital resources or maintain a balance of relations that ensure stability and order in a system. This approach allows the research to explore the ways in which power drove the initiatives ……
References
Bibliography
2020-2022 National Counterintelligence Strategy of the United States. 2020. Washington, DC: National Counterintelligence and Security Center
Bailey, Christopher and Susan M. Galich. 2012. “Codes of Ethics: The Intelligence Community.” International Journal of Intelligence Ethics 35 (2): 77-99.
Bernardi, Beatrice. 2013. "The Role of Intelligence in the Fight Against International Terrorism: Legal Profiles." Bachelor's thesis, Università Ca'Foscari Venezia.
Carson, Thomas L. 2010. Lying and Deception: Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press.
Cohen, Shlomo. 2016. "Are There Moral Limits to Military Deception?." Philosophia 44 (4): 1305-1318.
Coyne, John, Peter Bell, and Shannon Merrington. 2013. "Exploring ethics in intelligence and the role of leadership." Interntional Journal of Business and Commerce 2 (10): 27-37.
Erskine, Toni. 2004. "'As Rays of Light to the Human Soul'? Moral Agents and Intelligence Gathering." Intelligence & National Security 19 (2): 359-381.
Godson, Roy, and James J. Wirtz. 2000. "Strategic denial and deception." International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 13 (4): 424-437.
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