Critical Review Essays (Examples)
Study Document
C Suite Executive Leadership And Ethics
… ethics hotline, and an ethics officer” prove far more effective than nebulous means of approaching dilemmas and decisions (p. 39). Leadership always remains critical for the entire corporate culture, inculcating the values and norms of the organization through C-suite behavioral characteristics. Linden believes, as Hatcher (2018) does, ……
References
References
Bailey, C. & Shantz, A. (2018). Creating an ethically strong organization. MIT Sloan Management Review. http://ilp.mit.edu/media/news_articles/smr/2018/60101.pdf
Crossan, M., Mazutis, D. & Seijts, G. (2013). In search of virtue. Journal of Business Ethics 113(4): 567-581.
Hatcher, T. (2008). The value of values in the C-suite. In Sims, R.R. & Quatro, S.A. (Eds.) Executive Ethics. Charlotte: IAP, pp. 97-122.
Hoekstra, E., Bell, A. & Peterson, S.R. (2008). Humility in Leadership: Abandoning the Pursuit of Unattainable Perfection. In S.A. Quatro & R. R. Sims (Eds.), Executive Ethics: Ethical Dilemmas and Challenges for the C-Suite. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing, pp. 79-96.
MacDougall, A.E., Bagdarasov, Z. & Buckley, M.R. (2008). Applying a primary risk management model to the C-suite. In Sims, R.R. & Quatro, S.A. (Eds.) Executive Ethics. Second Edition. Charlotte: IAP, pp. 211-234.
Martin, R. (2011). The CEO\\\\'s ethical dilemma in the era of earnings management. Strategy & Leadership 39(6): 43-47.
Schwartz, M.S. (2013). Developing and sustaining an ethical corporate culture: The core elements. Business Horizons 56(1): 39-50.
Study Document
Optimizing Health Information Systems
… systems is the use of middleware. For example, Shahmoradi and Habibi-Koolaee (2016) report that:
Standards on terminology, security and data exchange play a critical role to integrate health information systems and provide interoperability across heterogeneous systems. Middleware is a tool to facilitate the integration of health information ……
References
References
Abouzhar, C. & Boerma, T. (2009, August). Health information systems: The foundations of public health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 83(8), 578-583.
Cresswell, K. & Aziz, S. (2013, May). Organizational issues in the implementation and adoption of health information technology innovations: An interpretative review. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 87(5), 73-86.
Drazen, E. L. (2006, February). Maximizing the benefits of health care information systems. Journal of Medical Systems, 10(1), 51-56.
Kruse, C. S. & Smith, D. (2017, July). Security techniques for the electronic health records. Journal of Medical Systems, 41(8), 127.
Kumar, V. (2011). Impact of health information systems on organizational health communication and behavior. The Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice, 9(2), 37-44.
McGrail, K. M. & Black, C. (2009, August). Access to data in health information systems. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 83(8), 563-569.
Murphy, M. L. (2019, March). Mastering accounting for business combinations: Mergers and acquisitions present challenges that finance can overcome by staying involved with the deal and preparing in advance of the closing. Journal of Accountancy, 227(3), 24-27.
NAHQ code of ethics for healthcare quality. (2019). National Association for Healthcare Quality. Retrieved from https://nahq.org/about/code-of-ethics .
Study Document
Schizophrenia
...Critical review Abstract
This paper describes and discusses schizophrenia. It looks at the disorder from the standpoint of history, etiology, treatment, prevention, culture and the Bible to explore its many facets. It shows that in spite of there being no known cause of the disorder, treating it is possible. It highlights the need to reduce the taboo and stigma associate with schizophrenia as a step in preventing it or at least in treating it before it worsens. It notes that from the Biblical standpoint faith can be a factor in prevention.
Keywords: schizophrenia, biblical worldview, history of schizophrenia
Introduction
Schizophrenia literally means “split mind,” and the symptoms of schizophrenia have been observed throughout all history and have been treated differently in different cultures in different eras (Kinter, 2009). The DSM (2013) classifies schizophrenia as a mental disorder that causes the patient to experience hallucinations, delusions, irrational speech patterns, anti-social behavior, a loss……
References
References
DSM. (2013). American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved from https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm
Dhindsa, R. S., & Goldstein, D. B. (2016). Schizophrenia: from genetics to physiology at last. Nature, 530(7589), 162.
Ho, R. T. H., Chan, C. K. P., Lo, P. H. Y., Wong, P. H., Chan, C. L. W., Leung, P. P. Y.,
& Chen, E. Y. H. (2016). Understandings of spirituality and its role in illness recovery in persons with schizophrenia and mental-health professionals: a qualitative study. BMC psychiatry, 16(1), 86.
Kinter, E. T. (2009). Identifying treatment preferences of patients with schizophrenia in Germany: An application of patient-centered care. The Johns Hopkins University.
Lee, H. S., Corbera, S., Poltorak, A., Park, K., Assaf, M., Bell, M. D., ... & Choi, K. H. (2018). Measuring theory of mind in schizophrenia research: Cross-cultural validation. Schizophrenia research, 201, 187-195.
Leucht, S., Cipriani, A., Spineli, L., Mavridis, D., Örey, D., Richter, F., Samara, M., Barbui, C., Engel, R.R., Geddes, J.R. and Kissling, W. (2013). Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis. The Lancet, 382(9896), 951-962.
Maatz, A., Hoff, P., & Angst, J. (2015). Eugen Bleuler's schizophrenia—a modern perspective. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 17(1), 43.
Study Document
Stem Cell Transplants Treat Alzheimers And Parkinsons Disease
...Critical review Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia, while Parkinson’s disease is known as a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that affects significantly more men than women. The two disorders have some similar symptoms but are also very different. With regards to treatment, no standard intervention has been developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disorder. The only existing drugs are those that address some of the symptoms. Likewise, there is no standard therapy for those with Parkinson’s disease. But lifestyle changes, approved drugs, and surgical operations can be recommended to address symptoms. Nevertheless, stem cell research has shown a lot of promise in helping to restore and regenerate destroyed brain tissues and is, therefore, currently being tested to help treat brain disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease. This work looks at what the evidence is saying about the efficacy of stem cell transplants approach in the treatment……
References
References
Alzheimer’s Association. (2015). 2015 Alzheimer\\\\'s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer\\\\'s & Dementia, 11(3), 332-384. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.02.003.
Bali, P., Lahiri, D., Banik, A., Nehru, B., & Anand, A. (2017). Potential for Stem Cells Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease: Do Neurotrophic Factors Play Critical Role? Current Alzheimer Research, 14(2), 208-220. doi:10.2174/1567205013666160314145347
Goodarzi, P., Aghayan, H. R., Larijani, B., Soleimani, M., Dehpour, A. R., Sahebjam, M., … Arjmand, B. (2015). Stem cell-based approach for the treatment of Parkinson\\\\'s disease. Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 29, 168.
Herberts, C. A., Kwa, M. S., & Hermsen, H. P. (2011). Risk factors in the development of stem cell therapy. Journal of Translational Medicine, 9(1). doi:10.1186/1479-5876-9-29
Hwang, S., Gill, S., Pathak, S., & Subramanian, S. (2018, March 30). A Comparison of Stem Cell Therapies for Parkinson Disease | Published in Georgetown Medical Review. Retrieved June 11, 2019, from https://gmr.scholasticahq.com/article/3420-a-comparison-of-stem-cell-therapies-for-parkinson-disease
Railton, D. (2019, February 18). Stem cells: Therapy, controversy, and research. Retrieved June 11, 2019, from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/200904.php
The Research Journal. (2017, September 20). Alzheimer\\\\'s and Parkinson\\\\'s - the current state of research. Retrieved June 11, 2019, from https://www.pasteur.fr/en/research-journal/reports/alzheimer-s-and-parkinson-s-current-state-research
Study Document
Female Artists In History
...Critical review Women Creating Culture: Sofonisba Anguissola, Mary Wollstonecraft and Emily Dickinson
Introduction
While the patriarchal heritage of the West commonly references the contributions of men to history and culture, the West would not be what it is today without the contributions to culture made by women as well. This paper will look at the contributions of three women in particular—Sofonisba Anguissola, the Italian Renaissance painter whose skill caught the attention of Michelangelo and ultimately won her a position in the court of King Phillip II of Spain; Mary Wollstonecraft, whose Vindication of the Rights of Women in the 18th century opened the door for the 19th and 20th centuries’ women’s movements; and Emily Dickinson, whose poetry of the 19th century was lauded by second wave feminists such as Adrienne Rich, who identified Dickinson as an important inspiration in her own work. These women helped shape but were also shaped by their……
References
References
Chisholm, H. (1911). Sophonisba Angussola. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 44.
Jones, E. M. (2000). Libido dominandi: Sexual liberation and political control. South Bend, IN: St. Augustine’ Press.
Juhasz, S. (1983). Feminist Critics Read Emily Dickinson. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Sewall, R. B. (1974). The life of Emily Dickinson. NY: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux.
Wollstonecraft, M. (1792). Vindication of the Rights of Woman. https://www.bartleby.com/144/4.html
Study Document
Race And Incarceration Rates
...Critical review Introduction
Race has always been a cultural factor in the U.S. and it is certainly a factor in today’s criminal justice system. James (2018:30) has shown that current “research on police officers has found that they tend to associate African Americans with threat” (30). A significantly higher percentage of the African American population is incarcerated than any other population in the U.S. And, worse, as Lopez (2018) points out, “Black people accounted for 31 percent of police killing victims in 2012, even though they made up just 13 percent of the US population.” The evidence indicates that African Americans receive a disproportionate amount of attention from police and are disproportionately punished and incarcerated because of institutionalized racism within the American ruling class. This racist worldview was evident from the early days of the nation, when the concept of Manifest Destiny was put forward by John O’Sullivan (1845). That concept expressed……
References
References
Aguirre, A., & Baker, D. V. (Eds.). 2008. Structured inequality in the United States: Critical discussions on the continuing significance of race, ethnicity, and gender. New York: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Alexander, Michelle. 2012. The New Jim Crow. New York: New Press.
Davis, Angela. 2012. The Meaning of Freedom. San Francisco: City Light Books.
James, Lois. 2018. The stability of implicit racial bias in police officers. Police Quarterly 21(1):0-52.
Lopez, German. 2018. There are huge racial disparities in how US police use force. Retrieved July 30, 2019 ( https://www.vox.com/identities/2016/8/13/17938186/police-shootings-killings-racism-racial-disparities ).
O’Sullivan, John. 1845. Annexation. United States Magazine and Democratic Review 17(1):5-10.
Pettit, Becky, and Bruce Western. 2004. Mass imprisonment and the life course: Race and class inequality in US incarceration." American sociological review 69(2):151-169.
Plessy v. Ferguson. 1896. Retrieved July 30, 2019 ( https://www.oyez.org/cases/1850-1900/163us537 ).
Study Document
Advantages Of Using Military Airpower
… to have a combination of both military analysis and political relevancies. However, I believe that there is also a need to have a critical analysis of the importance of airpower before any deployment. Military leaders will receive gratification only if they properly understand the cost implications of … the use of airpower.
References
Garofano, John. 2000. \"Deciding on military intervention: What is the role of senior military leaders?\" Naval War College review LIII (2):40-64.
Kalilizad, Z, and J Shapiro. 2002. United States Air and Space Power in the 21st Century. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.…
References
References
Garofano, John. 2000. \\\\"Deciding on military intervention: What is the role of senior military leaders?\\\\" Naval War College Review LIII (2):40-64.
Kalilizad, Z, and J Shapiro. 2002. United States Air and Space Power in the 21st Century. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
Study Document
Best Buy Purchasing And Supply Management
… as other major retailers, including most especially e-commerce operators such as Amazon (Wack, 2017). The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the relevant literature to develop an informed and timely discussion and explanation concerning Best Buy’s new competitive environment and an analysis concerning … to the proliferation of e-commerce retailers such as Amazon (Chan, 2011). Against this backdrop, it is clear that Best Buy is at a critical juncture in its corporate history going forward and it is equally clear that the company must implement and sustain purchasing and supply management ……
References
References
Chan, R. (2011, June 29). Best Buy. Marketing, 20.
Corporate responsibility and sustainability. (2019). Best Buy Co., Inc. Retrieved from https://corporate.bestbuy.com/sustainability/ .
Best Buy supply chain. (2019). Best Buy Co., Inc. Retrieved from https://www.bestbuy. com/site/help-topics/ca-transparency-act/pcmcat263000050003.c?id=pcmcat 263000050003.
Company profile. (2019). Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved from https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/ BBY/profile?p=BBY.
Mitchell, S. (2009, September-October). The big box swindle: The true cost of the mega-retailers. Multinational Monitor, 27(5), 34-39.
Ong, T. (2018, May 1). Best Buy is closing all 250 of its mobile stores in the U.S. The Verge. Retrieved from https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/1/17066232/best-buy-close-all-mobile-stores-may-us .
Thomas, L. (2019, August 28). Best Buy revs up supply chain ahead of the holiday season. CNBC. Retrieved from https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/28/best-buy-revs-up-supply-chain-ahead-of-the-holiday-season.html .
Wack, K. (2017, June 29). Credit card issuers face peril from rise in store closures: American Banker, 182(124), 37-39.
Study Document
Exploring The Issue In Evaluating Adult Learning
… adult learning? This paper will describe the literature on this subject, discuss it, analyze the findings and identify the implications for practice.
Literature review
As Forrest and Peterson (2006) point out, adult learning theory posits that adult learners are self-motivated, capable of self-direction, have a wealth of … group learning, trust and relationship building (which is an aspect adults tend…[break]…use of peer-evaluation gives the adult learner the opportunity to put the critical focus on other students and assist them in their growth and development. This helps to build important communication skills, too, that have a ……
References
References
Fenwick, T. J., & Parsons, J. (2009). The art of evaluation: A resource for educators and trainers. Thompson Educational Publishing.
Forrest III, S. P., & Peterson, T. O. (2006). It\\\\\\'s called andragogy. Academy of management learning & education, 5(1), 113-122.
Hase, S., & Kenyon, C. (2000). From andragogy to heutagogy. Ulti-BASE In-Site.
Howatt, W. A. (1999). Journaling to self-evaluation: A tool for adult learners. International Journal of Reality Therapy, 8(2), 32-34.
Knowles, M. (1984). Andragogy in action. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Moss, D., & Van Duzer, C. (1998). Project-Based Learning for Adult English Language Learners. ERIC Digest.
Study Document
Code Of Ethics For Managers In Acquisition
...Critical review Introduction
Corruption takes many forms, and can have a devastating impact on economies, and on the effectiveness of government. For that reason, it is best practice to have a code of ethics for managers who are involved in acquisitions, purchasing and contracts. Ethical lapses contribute to a wide array of issues, including waste, a decline in confidence in the institution of government, and underperformance because the wrong vendors were selected. Larezos (2008) notes that when evidence of corruption arises, governments may need to recompete contracts, projects can be delayed or go way over budget, and there can be increased cost to taxpayers as well. If chronic weak governance leaves a populace disenchanted with government, then the political fallout can be severe as well. In essence, corruption represents the trade-off between the personal gain for the government officials in question versus the overall government or economy.
Combatting corruption is a complex……
References
References
Adelstein, J. & Clegg, S. (2016) Code of ethics: A stratified vehicle for compliance. Journal of Business Ethics. Vol. 138 (1) 53-66.
Lazeros, M. (2008) Leaders can learn from Druyun’s ethical lapses and their consequences. USAWC Research Project. Retrieved October 25, 2019 from https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a479019.pdf
McConnnell, A. & Rood, T. (1997) Ethics in government: A survey of misuse of position for personal gain and its implications for developing acquisition strategy. Journal of Business Ethics. Vol. 16 (1997) 1107-1116.
McConnell, T. (2018). Moral dilemmas. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Retrieved October 25, 2019 from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-dilemmas/
Neu, D., Everett, J. & Rahaman, A. (2015) Preventing corruption within government procurement: Constructing the disciplined and ethical subject. Critical Perspectives on Accounting. Vol. 28 (2015) 49-61.
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