Clinical Research Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Developing A Research Hypothesis
Abstract
Developing a research question is one of the challenging tasks a research encounters when initiating a project. In current clinical practice, both unanswered issues or when experiences dictate alternative therapies may provoke an investigator to formulate a clinical research question. This paper describes PICO (population, intervention, control, and outcomes) criteria in framing a research question. Finally, it assesses the characteristics of a peer-reviewed article on urinary tract infections.
Part 1
EBM, shorthand for Evidence-Based Medicine, is a … infections.
Part 1
EBM, shorthand for Evidence-Based Medicine, is a core aspect of the medical profession. EBM provides statistical analyses and matters of clinical concern. It is based on research, reading, analysis, and combining many papers generated within the medical fraternity. EBM applications based on research evidence and clinical knowledge and reviews of the system go a long way in improving clinical decisions. Usually, the PICO guideline is applied in developing……
References
References
Considine, J., Shaban, R. Z., Fry, M., & Curtis, K. (2017). Evidence-based emergency nursing: designing a research question and searching the literature. International emergency nursing, 32, 78-82.
Eriksen, M. B., & Frandsen, T. F. (2018). The impact of patient, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) as a search strategy tool on literature search quality: a systematic review. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, 106(4), 420.
Yuan, X., Xiaoli, L., Shilei, L., Qinwen, S., & Ke, L. (2019, May). Extracting PICO elements from RCT abstracts using 1-2gram analysis and multitask classification. In Proceedings of the third International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics 2019 (pp. 194-199).
Scells, H., Zuccon, G., Koopman, B., Deacon, A., Azzopardi, L., &Geva, S. (2017, November). Integrating the framing of clinical questions via PICO into the retrieval of medical literature for systematic reviews. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (pp. 2291-2294).
Basmaci, R., Vazouras, K., Bielicki, J., Folgori, L., Hsia, Y., Zaoutis, T., &Sharland, M. (2017). Urinary tract infection antibiotic trial study design: a systematic review. Pediatrics, 140(6).
Misra, D. P., & Agarwal, V. (2018). Systematic reviews: challenges for their justification, related comprehensive searches, and implications. Journal of Korean medical science, 33(12).
Belcher, B. M., Rasmussen, K. E., Kemshaw, M. R., &Zornes, D. A. (2016). Defining and assessing research quality in a transdisciplinary context. Research Evaluation, 25(1), 1-17.
Fu, D. Y., & Hughey, J. J. (2019). Meta-Research: Releasing a preprint is associated with more attention and citations for the peer-reviewed article. Elife, 8, e52646.
Study Document
Clinical Informatics
clinical Decision Support and Electronic Health Records
Introduction
Information technology has revolutionized nearly every aspect of life, from how people recreate to how they … aspect of life, from how people recreate to how they work. This is no less true in the field of health care, where clinical informatics is reshaping the nursing workplace environment, how patient data is recorded and shared, and how health care is delivered. This paper will … is reshaping the nursing workplace environment, how patient data is recorded and shared, and how health care is delivered. This paper will discuss clinical informatics concepts emerging in the 21st century, what evidence-based practice (EBP) shows with respect to clinical informatics, how the law figures into this issue with respect to HIPAA, privacy/confidentiality and security issues; and how patient safety, the nursing role … this issue with respect to HIPAA, privacy/confidentiality and security issues; and how patient……
References
References
Cho, O. M., Kim, H., Lee, Y. W., & Cho, I. (2016). Clinical alarms in intensive care units: Perceived obstacles of alarm management and alarm fatigue in nurses. Healthcare informatics research, 22(1), 46-53.
Effken, J., Weaver, C., Cochran, K., Androwich, I., & O’Brien, A. (2016). Toward a central repository for sharing nursing informatics’ best practices. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 34(6), 245-246.
Elsayed, W. A., Hussein, F. M., & Othman, W. N. (2017). Relation between nursing informatics competency and nurses’ attitude toward evidence-based practice among qualified nurses at Mansoura Oncology Center. International Journal of Nursing Didactics, 7(6), 26-33.
Drolet, B. C., Marwaha, J. S., Hyatt, B., Blazar, P. E., & Lifchez, S. D. (2017). Electronic communication of protected health information: privacy, security, and HIPAA compliance. The Journal of hand surgery, 42(6), 411-416.
Haupeltshofer, A., Egerer, V., & Seeling, S. (2020). Promoting health literacy: What potential does nursing informatics offer to support older adults in the use of technology? A scoping review. Health Informatics Journal, 1460458220933417.
Kharbanda, E. O., Asche, S. E., Sinaiko, A. R., Ekstrom, H. L., Nordin, J. D., Sherwood, N. E., & O’Connor, P. (2018). Clinical decision support for recognition and management of hypertension: a randomized trial. Pediatrics, 141(2).
Khezri, H., & Abdekhoda, M. (2019). Assessing nurses’ informatics competency and identifying its related factors. Journal of Research in Nursing, 24(7), 529-538.
Kleib, M., & Nagle, L. (2018). Factors associated with Canadian nurses\\\\\\\\\\\\' informatics competency. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 36(8), 406-415.
Study Document
Cognitive Theory Clinical Social Work Practice
1. How does this theory fit with a clinical social work perspective?
Continuous concern with the individual in-situation is often regarded as social work’s most unique or distinguishing feature. In spite of … realities. Though yet to be developed thoroughly into a formal and widely accepted paradigm, the cognitive learning perspective draws from several perspectives including clinical experience, behaviorism, and cognitive psychology (Berlin, 1987).
According to the Code of Ethics published by the National Association of Social Workers (1996), there … self-efficiency will, on the other hand, construe such symptoms as normal and not related to their capacity to stick to treatment. According to research, it is an……
References
Bibliography
Adefolalu, A. O. (2018). Cognitive-behavioural theories and adherence: Application and relevance in antiretroviral therapy. South Afr J HIV Med., 762.
Bandura A. Organizational applications of social cognitive theory. Aust J Manage. 1988;13(2):275–302. https://doi.org/10.1177/031289628801300210 [Google Scholar]
Berlin, S. B. (1987). Cognitive behavioral interventions for social work practice. National Association of Social Workers, Inc.
Gitterman, A., & Heller, N. (2011). Integrating Social Work Perspectives and Models with Concepts, Methods and Skills with Other Professions’ Specialized Approaches. Clinical Social Work Journal, 204-211.
Gonzalez-Prendes, A. (2012). Cognitive-behavioral practice and social work values: A critical analysis. Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics.
National Association of Social Workers. (1996). Code of Ethics. Retrieved from http://www.naswdc.org/pubs/code/code.asp.
Nevill, D. (2014). Positive Interventions: Developing a Theoretical Model to Guide Their Development and Use. Master of Applied Positive Psychology (MAPP) Capstone Projects.
Parks, A. C., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2013). Positive interventions: Past, present, and future. In T. Kashdan & J. Ciarrochi (Eds.), Mindfulness, acceptance, and positive psychology: The seven foundations of well-being (pp.140-165). Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications
Study Document
The Use Of Clinical Systems To Improve Outcomes And Efficiencies
Literature Review
The Use of clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies: Special Focus on Patient Portals in Diabetes Management
Patient portals come in handy in seeking to promote …
Owing to the increased implementation of patent portals and the benefits of the same on various fronts, as has been highlighted in various research studies, it would be prudent to evaluate the utilization of patient portals in the management of diabetes. Sun, Korytkowski, Sereike, Saul, Li, and ……
References
References
Amante, D.J., Hogan, T.P., Pagoto, S.L. & English, T.M. (2014). A Systematic Review of Electronic Portal Usage among Patients with Diabetes. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 16(11), 112-118.
Jackson, S.L., DesRoaches, C.M., Frosch, D.L., Peacock, S., Oster, N.V. & Elmore, J.G. (2018). Will Use of Patient Portals Help to Educate and Communicate With Patients With Diabetes? Patient Educ Couns., 101(5), 956-959.
Ronda, M.C., Dijkhorst-Oei, L., Vos, R.C. & Rutten, G.E. (2018). Diabetes Care Providers’ Opinions and Working Methods after Four Years of Experience with a Diabetes Patient Web Portal; A Survey among Health Care Providers in General Practices and an Outpatient Clinic. BMC Family Practice, 19(94), 79-84.
Sun, R., Korytkowski, M.T., Sereike, S.M., Saul, M.L., Li, D. & Burke, L.E. (2018). Patient Portal Use in Diabetes Management: Literature Review. JMIR Diabetes, 3(4), 41-48.
Dendere, R., Sade, C., Burton-Jones, A., Sullivan, C., Staib, A. & Janda, M. (2019). Patient Portals Facilitating Engagement with Inpatient Electronic Medical Records: A Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res, 21(4), 60-66.
Study Document
Qualitative Methods In Education Research
Background of the Issue
Parental involvement has long been established as an important variable in student achievement along various outcome parameters. Prior research has shown that parental involvement can lead to the cultivation of strong reading habits (Castro, Exposito-Casas, Lopez-Martin, et al., 2015), student self-esteem and … with other governmental, human service, and community organizations (Ma, Shen, Krenn, et al., 2015). Therefore, one of the most important subjects in educational research and educational administration is parental involvement. research need to learn how to increase parental involvement in meaningful ways, ways that yield desired outcomes for individual students and also for the … to increase parental involvement in meaningful ways, ways that yield desired outcomes for individual students and also for the school and community. Furthermore, research need to learn the best ways of increasing parental involvement while taking into account the socioeconomic and cultural diversity among the population.
Because ………
References
References
Benner, A.D., Boyle, A.E. & Sadler, S. (2016). Parental Involvement and Adolescents’ Educational Success: The Roles of Prior Achievement and Socioeconomic Status. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 45(6): 1053-1064.
Castro, M., Esposito-Casas, E., Lopez-Martin, E., et al. (2015). Parental involvement on student academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review 14(2015): 33-46.
Creswell, J.W. & Poth, C.N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry Research Design. Los Angeles: SAGE.
Hill, N.E., Witherspoon, D.P. & Bartz, D. (2016). Parental involvement in education during middle school: Perspectives of ethnically diverse parents, teachers, and students. The Journal of Educational Research 111(1): 12-27.
Ma, X., Shen, J., Krenn, HY., et al. (2016). A meta-analysis of the relationship between learning outcomes and parental involvement. Educational Psychology Review 28(4): 771-801.
Park, S. & Holloway, S. (2018). Parental Involvement in Adolescents\\' Education: An Examination of the Interplay among School Factors, Parental Role Construction, and Family Income. School Community Journal 28(1): 9-36.
Ule, M., Zivoder, A. & duBois-Reymond, M. (2015). ‘Simply the best for my children’: patterns of parental involvement in education. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 28(3): 329-348.
Study Document
COVID 19 In South Africa Nigeria And Swaziland
… time with a change in its potency, and this is where institutional theory highlights the richness and diversity inside the processes. The same research also revealed that there are three major sources of pressure on institutional norms, which are functional, political, and social. Functional pressures are observed … the rules and the participants, mainly what is stated in institutional theory, through all echelons of the firm.
With the help of another research, it was deducted that informal institutions can entail criteria like corruption, political ideology, and culture (Kaufmann, Hooghiemstra & Feeney, 2018). Assumptions have been … shape the entrepreneurial decisions. The social norms of the country improve the results of formal institutions during the process of entrepreneurial pursuit.
The research was conducted where……
References
References
Coelho, A. (2019). The role of informal institutions in the enforcement of rules and how to improve corporate and public governance in Brazil: Studies based on a set of corporate governance cases involving state-owned companies (Working Paper). Retrieved from SSRN website https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3434037
Dacin, M.T., Goodstein, J. & Scott, W.R. (2002). Institutional theory and institutional change: Introduction to the special research forum. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), 45- 47. DOI: 10.2307/3069284
Escandon-Barbosa, D.M., Urbano, D., Hurtado-Ayala, A., Paramo, J.S. & Dominguez, A.Z. (2019). Formal institutions, informal institutions, and entrepreneurial activity: A comparative relationship between rural and urban areas in Colombia. Journal of Urban Management, 8(3), 458-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2019.06.002
Estrin, S. & Prevezer, M. (2010). The role of informal institutions in corporate governance: Brazil, Russia, India, and China compared. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 28, 41- 67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-010-9229-1
Kaufmann, W., Hooghiemstra, R. & Feeney, M.K. (2018). Formal institutions, informal institutions, and red tape: A comparative study. Public Administration, 96(2), 386-403. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12397
Meluch, A.L. (2016, August). Understanding the organizational and institutional origins of social support in a cancer support center. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=kent1466944822&disposition=inline
Torniainen, T.J. & Sasstamoinen, O.J. (2007). Formal and informal institutions and their hierarchy in the regulation of the forest lease in Russia. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, 80(5), 489-501. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpm033
Study Document
Examining The Different Types Of Original Medicare Coverage
… That will be established on a state-by-state basis.
2. Medicare Part B is what is known as “medical insurance”. This includes things like clinical research, ambulance services, durable medical equipment, mental health (inpatient & outpatient), and limited outpatient prescription drugs.
Within these, there are details provided by the … mental health (inpatient & outpatient), and limited outpatient prescription drugs.
Within these, there are details provided by the Medicare.gov website. For example, under clinical research the patient pays 20% of the cost, but this allows them to participate in clinical research trials such as diagnostic tests, surgical treatments, medicine and new types of patient care.
Part B’s ambulance coverage includes “ground ambulance transportation when ……
References
References
Medicare.gov (2020) Website, various pages. Medicare.gov. Retrieved April 10, 2020 from https://www.medicare.gov
Social Security Administration. (no date). Website, various pages. SSA.gov. Retrieved April 10, 2020 from https://www.ssa.gov
Study Document
A Urate Lowering Intervention
… from creature studies gives solid help to this affiliation. The commitment of serum urate into hypertension is additionally upheld by proof from little clinical preliminaries showing the antihypertensive advantage of urate-lowering therapy (ULT) in immaturity through LVH relapse and vascular endothelial capacity. This research centers around urate lowering down in hyperuricaemic, and stout hypertensive patients where the principle point is to research using vascular endothelial capacity and LVH relapse methodologies.
Literature Review
This literature review would show an expansion in the commonness of both Hyperuricemia … cardiovascular results and the chance of further advantages of early intercession have been as of late featured. The way that gem testimony and clinical aggravation go before the clinical beginning of gout may convey another way to deal with the treatment of Hyperuricemia and gout. Gout is because of the nucleation and … as refractory gout.
Methodologies
We performed endothelial capacity testing (Flow……
Study Document
Alzhemier S Prevention Healthcare
research Article Chart
Criteria and Defining Characteristics
Article 1:
Abraham, R. P., Denton, D. A., Al?Assaf, A. S., Rutjes, A. W., Chong, L. Y., … W., & Woo, J. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of dietetic interventions to prevent cognitive decline in old age hostel residents. European journal of clinical nutrition, 66(10), 1135.
Article 3:
Dangour, A. D., Whitehouse, P. J., Rafferty, K., Mitchell, S. A., Smith, L., Hawkesworth, S., & Vellas, B. (2010). … study?
· What is the scope of the study?
· What is the rational for the study?
· What is the hypothesis or research question?
· What key concepts and terms are noted?
· Is a review of the literature provided?
The purpose of this study is … the incidence of dementia may have a significant impact on healthcare costs and the general encumbrance of dementia
There is no hypothesis or research question
The key concepts and……
References
References
Abraham, R. P., Denton, D. A., Al?Assaf, A. S., Rutjes, A. W., Chong, L. Y., Malik, M. A., & Tabet, N. (2015). Vitamin and mineral supplementation for prevention of dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (10).
Kwok, T. C. Y., Lam, L. C. W., Sea, M. M. M., Goggins, W., & Woo, J. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of dietetic interventions to prevent cognitive decline in old age hostel residents. European journal of clinical nutrition, 66(10), 1135.
Dangour, A. D., Whitehouse, P. J., Rafferty, K., Mitchell, S. A., Smith, L., Hawkesworth, S., & Vellas, B. (2010). B-vitamins and fatty acids in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer\\'s disease and dementia: a systematic review. Journal of Alzheimer\\'s disease, 22(1), 205-224.
Study Document
Stem Cell Transplants Treat Alzheimers And Parkinsons Disease
… therapy for those with Parkinson’s disease. But lifestyle changes, approved drugs, and surgical operations can be recommended to address symptoms. Nevertheless, stem cell research has shown a lot of promise in helping to restore and regenerate destroyed brain tissues and is, therefore, currently being tested to help … approach in the treatment of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. It also investigates the possible drawbacks of using the approach.
Introduction
Expectations from medical research to come up with a breakthrough treatment for the most widely-occurring neurodegenerative ailments in the French population, namely, Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Alzheimer's … responsible for controlling movement. The degeneration leads to lower levels of neurotransmitter, dopamine, within the patient's brain, vital to body movement regulation.
Parkinson's' clinical symptoms emerge when roughly 70 percent of neurons that produce dopamine get damaged. They include bradykinesia (or a slowing down of physical movement), … the disease impacting around one……
References
References
Alzheimer’s Association. (2015). 2015 Alzheimer\\\\'s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer\\\\'s & Dementia, 11(3), 332-384. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.02.003.
Bali, P., Lahiri, D., Banik, A., Nehru, B., & Anand, A. (2017). Potential for Stem Cells Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease: Do Neurotrophic Factors Play Critical Role? Current Alzheimer Research, 14(2), 208-220. doi:10.2174/1567205013666160314145347
Goodarzi, P., Aghayan, H. R., Larijani, B., Soleimani, M., Dehpour, A. R., Sahebjam, M., … Arjmand, B. (2015). Stem cell-based approach for the treatment of Parkinson\\\\'s disease. Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 29, 168.
Herberts, C. A., Kwa, M. S., & Hermsen, H. P. (2011). Risk factors in the development of stem cell therapy. Journal of Translational Medicine, 9(1). doi:10.1186/1479-5876-9-29
Hwang, S., Gill, S., Pathak, S., & Subramanian, S. (2018, March 30). A Comparison of Stem Cell Therapies for Parkinson Disease | Published in Georgetown Medical Review. Retrieved June 11, 2019, from https://gmr.scholasticahq.com/article/3420-a-comparison-of-stem-cell-therapies-for-parkinson-disease
Railton, D. (2019, February 18). Stem cells: Therapy, controversy, and research. Retrieved June 11, 2019, from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/200904.php
The Research Journal. (2017, September 20). Alzheimer\\\\'s and Parkinson\\\\'s - the current state of research. Retrieved June 11, 2019, from https://www.pasteur.fr/en/research-journal/reports/alzheimer-s-and-parkinson-s-current-state-research
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