Study Document
...Trust Public Administration
How Public Administrative Discretion Works
1
The main difference between public and private administration is that in the former the administration both administers to the public and is accountable to the public; in the latter, the administration is accountable only to stakeholders, which may or may not include members of the community/public. Other differences include the fact that in private administration, the idea is that the administration is overseeing some business organization that focuses on a goal related to its mission, its business model. Public administration, on the other hand, refers to a political process wherein official administrators are elected or appointed to do a job for the good of the public. They typically control or use public funds; must give a public accounting of how funds are used, and must to all intents and purposes fulfill a mandate given them by the public—though, of course, it is……
References
Cann, S. (2007). The Administrative State, the Exercise of Discretion, and the Constitution. Public Administration Review, 67(4), 780–782.
EPA. (2015). Administrative discretion. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-11/documents/administrative_discretion_nonotesclean.pdf
Reyes, P., & Pounder, D. G. (1993). Organizational orientation in public and private elementary schools. The Journal of Educational Research, 87(2), 86-93.
Reyes, D. R. (1998). Public sector reengineering: Practice, problems and prospects.
Rinaldi, M., Montanari, R., & Bottani, E. (2015). Improving the efficiency of public
administrations through business process reengineering and simulation: A case study. Business Process Management Journal, 21(2), 419-462.
Rubenstein, D. S. (2015). Administrative Federalism as Separation of Powers. Wash. & Lee L. Rev., 72, 171.
Savoie, D. J. (2006). What is wrong with the new public management?. In Comparative Public Administration (pp. 593-602). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Study Document
...Trust Compare and Contrast Paper on Servant Leadership
Servant Leadership Theory was given by Robert Greenleaf that focuses on the leaders being the servant of their people, serving them in every possible way (Burkus, 2010). The words' servant' and 'leader' are both contradictory to each other, but the subtleties of this relationship, in which the servant leads through serving others, is unique and distinctive, fulfilling the aspects of successful leadership (Rachmawati, 2014). This theory was emphasized and analyzed more by other theorists like Larry Spears, who laid out the character traits of a servant Leader including, understanding, listening, encouragement, health-giving, far-sightedness, stewardship, conceptualization, assurance to growth and progressing the community (Burkus, 2010).
If we carefully look at the servant leadership characteristics, they coincide with the laws of leadership by Maxwell. For case in point, listening, which is very important in servant leadership as their main motive is to serve the people……
References
Burkus, D. (2010, April 01). Servant Leadership Theory. David Burkus.
Maxwell, J. C. (1998). The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership. Nelson Publishing.
Maxwell, J. C. (n.d.). Ethics 101: What Every Leader Needs To Know. Center Street.
Rachmawati, A. W. (2014). Servant Leadership Theory, Development & Measurement. The 5th Indonesia International Conference on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Small Business (IICIES 2013), (pp. 387-393).
What is Servant Leadership? (2014, November 25). STU Online.
Study Document
...Trust Compare and Contrast Paper on Abraham Lincoln on Leadership
Introduction
Successful leadership, like any other endeavor, can be replicated. The recipe for such replication is the study and understanding of the leadership ideologies and approaches of successful leaders in the field of interest. One of the greatest leaders of modern civilization is Abraham Lincoln, and his method, life, and ideologies have been studied and proposed across multiple books and journals of leadership discipline. Lincoln on leadership is one of such studies that introduce the life of Abraham Lincoln as one of the most successful and memorable statesmen in American political history, and his success is examined under various contexts. Lincoln on leadership is the primary study for this paper; however, observations are made from other leadership literature to reinforce the author’s views on successful leadership, as illustrated through Abraham Lincoln.
Lincoln on leadership: synopsis
The author, Phillips (1992), introduces Abraham……
References
Maxwell, J.C. (2005). Ethics 101: What Every Leader Needs to Know. Center Street Publishing. ISBN: 9780446578097. Retrieved from: http://lasacoassurance.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/John_C._MaxwelEthics-101_-What-Every-Leader-Needs-to-K-1.pdf
Maxwell, J.C. (1998). The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership. Thomas Nelson Publishing. ISBN: 9780785288374. Retrieved from: https://www.speakersbase.com/uploads/3567e22e8083ad294bab525f9c0b631c57f40f2b1478780702.pdf
Northouse, P.G. (2012). Leadership: Theory and Practice. California, USA: publications Inc. ISBN: 9781483317533.
Phillips, D.T. (1992). Lincoln on Leadership. New York, NY: Warner Books. ISBN: 9780446394598
Study Document
… and the wider world is the dissemination of news or information that is accepted uncritically as gospel truth because it comes from a trusted source, a trusted outlet, a trusted organization, or a professional with the right sort of credentials that get people to assume trust. With regards to the coronavirus there is a great deal of misinformation and a great deal of legitimate questions and points that are ……
Works Cited
Allen v. Harrison (2016). https://law.justia.com/cases/oklahoma/supreme-court/2016/111877.html
Baker, Sinead. “The architect of Sweden's controversially lax coronavirus response says he thinks it's working, and that the capital city is already benefiting from herd immunity.” Business Insider, 2020. https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-sweden-defends-plan-not-to-lock-down-immunity-2020-4
C&A Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown, N.Y., 511 U.S. 383 (1994). https://www.oyez.org/cases/1993/92-1402
District of Columbia v. Heller (2008). Retrieved from https://www.oyez.org/cases/2007/07-290
Fox 2. “Alleged fraudulent COVID-19 treatments spark FBI raid of Shelby Twp medical spa.” Fox 2, 2020. https://www.fox2detroit.com/news/alleged-fraudulent-covid-19-treatments-spark-fbi-raid-of-shelby-twp-medical-spa
Jacobson v. Massachusetts, 197 U.S. 11 (1905). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/197/11/
Roe v. Wade (1973). https://www.oyez.org/cases/1971/70-18
Zucht v. King (1922). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/260/174/
Study Document
… range of societal elements, including legal, political, and administrative aspects. Once public officers engage in acts of conflict of interest, they lose public trust (Pathranarakul, 2005).
Prosecutors often find themselves in the tight sport of conflict of interest. It is easy to be diverted from the mission … conflict of interest, the bar for civilized people demands that society disapproves of the violation of ethical behavior and moral decorum (Pathranarakul, 2005).
Distrust of the judicial system
The genesis of societal distrust towards its institutions is anchored on a range of actions that promote the perception of injustice. Poor performance by the political class and … they run is what bred the reinforcement of the emergent counter-majority organizations, especially about the judiciary system. According to Claus Offe (1999), institutional distrust arises because of their incoherence involving the allotted resources. Trusting institutions are driven by the assumption that the society where……
References
Alterio, E. (2011). From judicial comity to legal comity: A judicial solution to global disorder?I-CON, 9(2), 394-424. doi: 10.1093/icon/mor036
BrainMass. (2019). Correctional officer subculture: Ethics. Retrieved from https://brainmass.com/law/familylaw/correctional-officer-subculture-ethics-165895
Filgueiras, F. (2011).Transparência e controle da corrupção no Brasil. In: Corrupção e sistemapolítico no Brasil, edited by Leonardo Avritzer and Fernando Filgueiras. Rio de Janeiro: CivilizaçãoBrasileira.
Kindregan, C. (1975).Conflict of interest and the lawyer in civil practice. Retrieved from https://scholar.valpo.edu/vulr/vol10/iss3/2
Legal Dictionary. (2018). Conflict of interest. Retrieved from https://legaldictionary.net/conflict-of-interest/
Lilles, H. (2002). Circle sentencing: Part of the restorative justice continuum. IIRP. Retrieved from https://www.iirp.edu/news/circle-sentencing-part-of-the-restorative-justice-continuum
Montes, A., Mears, D., &Conchran, J. (2016). The privatization debate: A conceptual framework for improving (public and private) corrections. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice. 32(4). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305418634_The_Privatization_Debate_A_Conceptual_Framework_for_Improving_Public_and_Private_Corrections
Off, C. (1999). How can we trust our fellow citizens? In: Democracy and trust, edited by Mark Warren. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Study Document
… they may seem to some.[footnoteRef:7] In short, it is not always given to man to know the mind of God; rather, man should trust that God has his best interests at heart, and moments of suffering or seeming cruelty can be a test of man’s faithfulness rather … be said, when He tells Moses: “I am Who am.” He is the God of all things: all-powerful, all-knowing, all-present, eternal; all-faithful and trustworthy; all righteous; all good. There is none like unto Him.
Conclusion
The God of the Old Testament is the same as the God ……
Bibliography
Adams, Marilyn McCord and Robert Merrihew Adams. The Problem of Evil. Oxford University Press, 1990.
Baker, David L. Two Testaments, One Bible: The Theological Relationship between the Old and New Testaments. InterVarsity Press, 2010.
Baah-Odoom, Dinah, and FrimpongWiafe. "The Importance Of The Old Testament To The Christian Spirituality." The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, Vol. 3.7, 2016
Copan, Paul. Is God a Moral Monster? Making Sense of the Old Testament God. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 2011.
Craig, William Lane. “#16 Slaughter of the Canaanites,” Reasonable Faith with William
Lane Craig (blog), August 6, 2007, https://www.reasonablefaith.org/writings/question-answer/slaughter-of-the-canaanites .
Kaiser, Walter C. The Messiah in the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Zandorvan, 1995.
Kitchen, Kenneth. On the Reliability of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2003.
Study Document
… account (Mattox 2002). But when moral limits are off, as Cohen (2016) suggests should be the case, there is no foundation for future trust. Cohen’s (2016) argument fails because it is based on a zero sum game approach to statecraft: Cohen (2016) does not anticipate the reality … has tended to characterize some nations’ approaches to statecraft in the modern era.
Without imposing moral conditions on counterintelligence, the possibility of developing trusting relationships in the future is lost. Cohen (2016) has no answer to this because his view is colored by a zero sum game ……
Bibliography
2020-2022 National Counterintelligence Strategy of the United States. 2020. Washington, DC: National Counterintelligence and Security Center
Bailey, Christopher and Susan M. Galich. 2012. “Codes of Ethics: The Intelligence Community.” International Journal of Intelligence Ethics 35 (2): 77-99.
Bernardi, Beatrice. 2013. "The Role of Intelligence in the Fight Against International Terrorism: Legal Profiles." Bachelor's thesis, Università Ca'Foscari Venezia.
Carson, Thomas L. 2010. Lying and Deception: Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press.
Cohen, Shlomo. 2016. "Are There Moral Limits to Military Deception?." Philosophia 44 (4): 1305-1318.
Coyne, John, Peter Bell, and Shannon Merrington. 2013. "Exploring ethics in intelligence and the role of leadership." Interntional Journal of Business and Commerce 2 (10): 27-37.
Erskine, Toni. 2004. "'As Rays of Light to the Human Soul'? Moral Agents and Intelligence Gathering." Intelligence & National Security 19 (2): 359-381.
Godson, Roy, and James J. Wirtz. 2000. "Strategic denial and deception." International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 13 (4): 424-437.
Study Document
… benefit is rampant. Students, first-year cadets, members of the upper classes and cadets from other company areas are seemingly using the telephone…[break]…to safeguard trust and uphold ethical standards and behavior.
Action to be Taken
The roommate should be informed about the free “pay” phones and encouraged not … to disciplinary actions based on company policy. The individual reporting the issue is likely to be viewed as a snitch and lose the trust and loyalty of his friends. Third, this action is likely to prevent the ailing roommate from engaging in an ethical practice. Finally, the ……
References
Cooper, T.L. (2012). The responsible administrator: An approach to ethics for the administrative role (6th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
European Ombudsman. (2012, November 15). Ensuring Ethics in Public Administration: The Role of the Ombudsman. Retrieved June 7, 2020, from https://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/en/speech/en/49379
Kapstein, M. (2015). The Battle for Business Ethics: A Struggle Theory. Journal of Business Ethics, 144, 343-361.
Ondrova, D. (2017). Challenges of Modern Public Administration and Ethical Decision-Making. RAP, 3, 255-279.
Singh, A.K. & Mishra, N.K. (2018). Ethical Theory & Business – A Study Based on Utilitarianism and Kantianism. International Journal of Humanities and Social Development Research, 2(1), 97-113.
Stein, C. (2019, January 25). Ethical Considerations in Public Administration. PA Times. Retrieved June 7, 2020, from https://patimes.org/ethical-considerations-in-public-administration/
Study Document
…
Miami-Dade
Int – 2
Sheriff Officer
Deputy
Brevard County
Int – 3
Soldier
Marshall
U.S. Department of Justice
Findings and discussion
Theme 1: Trust - Be predictable in an unpredictable time.
Crises such as the current coronavirus pandemic, create uncertainties, and make people worried about the future. … his leaders to conduct themselves ethically and humanely and to be transparent. This shows that workers need people who are honest, transparent, and trustworthy during crises. The interviewee also stated that he expected his leaders to adhere to the laws of the state and the Constitution (Int-1) … (Harter, 2019). This shows that leaders to overcome this crisis and future crises, they ought to communicate more effectively and clearly to build trust.
Theme 2: Compassion - Say it out loud and back it up with a policy.
When crises strike, leaders need to empathize with ……
References
Birnbaum, T., & Friedman, H. H. (2014). Ezra and Nehemiah: Lessons in Moral and Spiritual Leadership. Available at SSRN 2390230.
Carrington, D. J., Combe, I. A., & Mumford, M. D. (2019). Cognitive shifts within leader and follower teams: Where consensus develops in mental models during an organizational crisis. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(3), 335-350.
Harter, J. (2019). Why Some Leaders Have Their Employees\\\\\\' Trust, and Some Don\\\\\\'t. Workplace. Gallup.
Hofmeyr, K., Cook, J., & Richardson, A. (2011). How leaders generate hope in their followers. South African Journal of Labour Relations, 35(2), 47-66.
Kranke, D., Gin, J., Der-Martirosian, C., Weiss, E. L., & Dobalian, A. (2020). VA social work leadership and compassion fatigue during the 2017 hurricane season. Social Work in Mental Health, 18(2), 188-199.
Patton, C. (2017). What made Nehemiah an effective leader?. Journal of Applied Christian Leadership, 1(1), 8-14.
Rogers, A. P., & Barber, L. K. (2019). Workplace intrusions and employee strain: the interactive effects of extraversion and emotional stability. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 32(3), 312-328.
Skeet, A. (2020, April 4). Ethical Followership in Times of Crisis. Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, Santa Clara University.
Study Document
...Trust Appendix
External Analysis
1. PESTEL Analysis
1.1. Political
1.1.1.Global leaders use of social media impacts the political landscape and is able to influence operations. (C-142)
1.1.2. Several high-profile world leaders utilize social media platforms to address their followers, the most notable being U.S. President Donald Trump who tweets regularly to announce global interactions with other political leaders. They also have high interactions and reach with the global community: U.S President Donald Trump had 30.13 million twitter followers as at May 2017 and former U.S. President Barack Obama had 103 million followers as at June 2018 (C-142)
1.1.3. Depending on the political climate in various countries, governments may censor content and access to social media platforms.
1.2. Economics
1.2.1. Generated revenues through advertising, data licensing and other products. products. In 2017, total revenue generated was $2,443, 299, 000 (C-142)
1.2.2. Fluctuating exchange rates and inflation rates can affect overall profit-margins. (C-147)……
References
Thompson, Arthur A.,. (2015). Crafting and Executing Strategy: Concepts and Readings..New York: McGraw-Hill Education, (pp. 138-148)
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