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… is unique in much the same way African American musicians did in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when they developed the musical genres of jazz and blues by incorporating other musical traditions into their own musical experiences and creating something wholly their own. Hip hop history and culture is thus a blend of the black experience in America that ……
Works Cited
BBC. “The birth of hip hop.” BBC. https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p04s04nk
Best, Steven, and Douglas Kellner. "Rap, black rage, and racial difference." Enculturation 2.2 (1999): 1-23.
Brown, Jake. Tupac Shakur, (2-Pac) in the Studio: The Studio Years (1989-1996). Phoenix, AZ: Colossus Books, 2005.
Decker, Jeffrey Louis. "The state of rap: Time and place in hip hop nationalism." Social Text 34 (1993): 53-84.
Fluker, Walter. The Stones that the Builders Rejected. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 1998.
Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five. “The Message.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PobrSpMwKk4
Jones, E. Michael. Libido Dominandi: Sexual Liberation and Political Control. South Bend, IN: St. Augustine’s Press, 2000.
Pareles, Jon. “Hip-Hop Is Rock ’n’ Roll, and Hall of Fame Likes It.” The New York Times, 13 March 2007. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/13/arts/music/13hall.html
Study Document
… others remain behind the scenes, known mainly to audiophiles or serious music historians. Tracing hip hop back to its roots shows how the musical genre and its ethos evolved as the counterpart to a broader movement for social and political change. Women have remained at the forefront ……
Works Cited
Bruce, La Mar Jurelle. “’The People Inside My Head, Too’: Madness, Black Womanhood, and the Radical Performance of Lauryn Hill.” African American Review, Vol. 45, No. 3 (2012): 371-389.
Jamerson, J’na. ““Best-of” lists and conversations often exclude women. Why?” BBC. 8 Oct, 2019. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20191007-why-are-there-so-few-women-in-best-of-hip-hop-polls
Morris, Tyana. “The Evolution of Women in Hip Hop.” The Pine Needle. 31 Jan, 2018. Retreived from https://www.pineneedlenews.com/single-post/2018/01/31/The-Evolution-of-Women-in-Hip-Hop
Orcutt, KC. “Each One, Teach One | What generations of women in hip hop teach us about perseverance.” Revolt. Oct 16, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.revolt.tv/2019/10/16/20917629/women-in-hip-hop-lessons
Oware, Matthew. “A ‘Man’s Woman’?” Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 39, No. 5 (2007): 786-802.
Tillet, S. (2014). Strange Sampling: Nina Simone and Her Hip-Hop Children. American Quarterly, 66(1), 119–137. doi:10.1353/aq.2014.0006
UDiscover (2019). Let’s talk about the female MCs who shaped hip-hop. Dec 9, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/the-female-rappers-who-shaped-hip-hop/
White, Theresa R. “Missy “Misdemeanor” Elliott and Nicki Minaj.” Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 44, No. 6, (2013): 607–626. doi:10.1177/0021934713497365
Study Document
… world of lust and sensual pleasure to him (Ritz, 1991).
Marvin returned to D.C. but by 1960 had moved to Detroit to pursue musical opportunities in Motown there. He played drums and sang and performed at Motown President Barry Gordy’s home in 1960 and as a result … for romantic unions thanks to hits like “Let’s Get It On.” Gaye started out with R&B and Motown but grew politically in his musical approach throughout the early 1970s, addressing the issues of violence and racism in his society. By the 80s, however, he wanted to get ……
References
Gulla, B. (2008). Icons of R&B and Soul: An Encyclopedia of the Artists Who Revolutionized Rhythm. ABC-CLIO.
Posner, G. (2002). Motown : Music, Money, Sex, and Power. New York: Random House.
Ritz, D. (1991). Divided Soul: The Life of Marvin Gaye. Cambridge, Mass: Da Capo Press.
Turner, S. (1998). Trouble Man: The Life and Death of Marvin Gaye. London: Michael Joseph.
Vincent, R. (1996). Funk: The Music, the People, and the Rhythm of the One. Macmillan.
Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits: Complete Chart Information About America's Most Popular Songs and Artists, 1955–2003. Billboard Books.
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