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Persons in positions of leadership inevitably encounter major ethical dilemmas and in fact make ethical decisions on a daily basis. Interviews with senior executive can reveal the complexities of ethical decision making at the executive level, as personal morals frequently disconnect from the ethical culture governing the organization or the industry’s regulatory climate (Bailey & Shantz, 2018). Bandwagon … shows how personal ethical beliefs clash with the prevailing norms and values in the field. Employee diversity adds to the complications involved in executive ethical decision-making, according to Linden. The predominant ethical challenges usually relate to balancing two equally compelling ethical objectives, or weighing the pros and … employees and creating the type of organizational culture that discourages ethical infractions. Whereas Linden used to benefit financially from the benefit of stock-based compensation, a shift away from such ethically problematic policies has helped his organization to overcome some of its most……
References
Bailey, C. & Shantz, A. (2018). Creating an ethically strong organization. MIT Sloan Management Review. http://ilp.mit.edu/media/news_articles/smr/2018/60101.pdf
Crossan, M., Mazutis, D. & Seijts, G. (2013). In search of virtue. Journal of Business Ethics 113(4): 567-581.
Hatcher, T. (2008). The value of values in the C-suite. In Sims, R.R. & Quatro, S.A. (Eds.) Executive Ethics. Charlotte: IAP, pp. 97-122.
Hoekstra, E., Bell, A. & Peterson, S.R. (2008). Humility in Leadership: Abandoning the Pursuit of Unattainable Perfection. In S.A. Quatro & R. R. Sims (Eds.), Executive Ethics: Ethical Dilemmas and Challenges for the C-Suite. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing, pp. 79-96.
MacDougall, A.E., Bagdarasov, Z. & Buckley, M.R. (2008). Applying a primary risk management model to the C-suite. In Sims, R.R. & Quatro, S.A. (Eds.) Executive Ethics. Second Edition. Charlotte: IAP, pp. 211-234.
Martin, R. (2011). The CEO\\\\'s ethical dilemma in the era of earnings management. Strategy & Leadership 39(6): 43-47.
Schwartz, M.S. (2013). Developing and sustaining an ethical corporate culture: The core elements. Business Horizons 56(1): 39-50.
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… biases at play in the Volkswagen case that can be unpacked. The first of these is the bias towards the optimal motivations of executive action. The company’s senior executive at the time, Martin Winterkorn, was aware of the practice when he ascended to his new role – and had been one of … Therefore, the company had the opportunity to reduce the risk of such fraud by removing much of the moral hazard concerned with equity-based compensation and the misalignment of corporate goals and executive goals. This is done at the level of executive compensation structure, because once the moral hazard itself is created, the likelihood of unethical behavior is much higher. This is why in the Untied … unethical behavior is much higher. This is why in the Untied States, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act build into its structure prison terms for senior executive engaged in fraud, as a means……
References
Ganti, A. (2019) Rationcal choice theory. Investopedia. Retrieved January 18, 2020 from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rational-choice-theory.asp
Palmiter, A. (no date). Corporate governance as moral psychology. In possession of the author.
Parloff, R. (2018) How VW paid $25 billion for dieselgate – and got off easy. Business Ethics. Retrieved January 18, 2020 from https://business-ethics.com/2018/02/08/1638-how-vw-paid-25-billion-for-dieselgate-and-got-off-easy/
Smith, A. (2018) Volkswagen ex-CEO charged with fraud in diesel emissions scandal. CNN. Retrieved January 18, 2020 from https://money.cnn.com/2018/05/03/news/companies/winterkorn-vw-diesel-scandal/index.html
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… Fortune 500 are borrowing at extremely low (historically low) interest rates to buy back their own shares and thus inflate shareholder value. Many executive sign off on share buybacks instead of putting the money to good use, as in research and development, because they themselves have boatloads … want to sell and they know that the smart money has been leaving the market for a while now (Szala, 2019). If the executive, who are often compensated with company shares, want to rake in the millions of dollars that they are potentially sitting on in terms … been banned should now be allowed. While corporate share buybacks had been banned when Friedman made his comments, his comments made more sense. executive knew back then that in order to maximize shareholder value they had to deliver as leaders of the company and grow the company … out for all of mankind……
References
Augustine. (n.d.). Commentaries on Sermon on the Mount. http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/16011.htm
Chen, J. (2019). Market Milestones as the Bull Market Turns 10. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/market-milestones-as-the-bull-market-turns-10-4588903
Egan, M. (2018). Tax cut triggers $437 billion explosion of stock buybacks. Retrieved from https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/10/investing/stock-buybacks-record-tax-cuts/index.html " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
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… is in serious need of an effective leader to guide the company to success.
Secondly, the manner in which the company designed its compensation package basically encompassed the substantial use of stock options, and this motivated the CEO to work hard towards the sustainment of the company ……
References
Ballwieser, W., Bamberg, G., Beckmann, M. J., Bester, H., Blickle, M., Ewert, R., ... & Gaynor, M. (2012). Agency theory, information, and incentives. Springer Science & Business Media.
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Healy, P. M. (2005). Financial Reporting Problems at Molex, Inc.(A). Harvard Business School.
Larcker, D. F., & Tayan, B. (2007). Executive Compensation at Nabors Industries: Too Much, Too Little, or Just Right?. Rock Center for Corporate Governance at Stanford University Case Teaching No. CG-05.
Mitnick, B. M. (2015). Agency theory. Wiley encyclopedia of management, 1-6.
Scott, W. R., & O\\\\\\'Brien, P. C. (2003). Financial accounting theory (Vol. 3). Toronto: Prentice Hall.
Tearney, M. G., & Dodd, J. (2009). Accounting theory. H. I. Wolk (Ed.). New York: Sage.
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… company. When companies use (or borrow) money to repurchase shares they effectively prop up the stock price, which allows directors and top level executive to sell their shares at a higher price than would be the case if these companies were not piling billions upon billions into ……
References
Bendix, R. (1974). Inequality and social structure: a comparison of Marx and Weber. American Sociological Review, 149-161.
Chan, R., & Hoy, M. (1991). East—West joint ventures and buyback contracts. Journal of International Economics, 30(3-4), 331-343.
Choi, C. J., & Maldoom, D. (1992). A simple model of buybacks. Economics Letters, 40(1), 77-82.
Durkheim, E. (1997). The Division of Labor in Society. NY: The Free Press.
Egan, M. (2018). Tax cut triggers $437 billion explosion of stock buybacks. Retrieved from https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/10/investing/stock-buybacks-record-tax-cuts/index.html " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
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… (Light, 2019). In 2018, companies spent nearly half a trillion dollars on share repurchases (Egan, 2018). Shareholder value is what companies and their executive care most about. Investing in the future for them means investing in buybacks and keeping the share price high so that they can ……
References
Egan, M. (2018). Tax cut triggers $437 billion explosion of stock buybacks. Retrieved from https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/10/investing/stock-buybacks-record-tax-cuts/index.html " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
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… goods, including groceries, and because of this the company needs to control costs in all aspects of the business. Any change to the compensation package for the associates will be rolled out over some 1.5 million people at least, and as a result the company pays close … total rewards program is highly likely to help meet all of these different criteria.
Segmentation of the Workforce
Walmart’s employs range for senior executive – who are tasked with running the world’s largest company by revenue – to a wide range of specialized professionals, to the associates ……
References
Group Dentistry Now (2019) Walmart introduces first-ever health center, which includes a comprehensive dental clinic. Group Dentistry Now. Retrieved May 7, 2020 from https://groupdentistrynow.com/dso-group-blog/walmart-introduces-first-ever-health-center-which-includes-a-comprehensive-dental-clinic/
Hiles, A. (2009) Tough times demand focus – total rewards strategy. Benefits Quarterly. Vol. 25 (4) 44-47.
Kaplan, S. (2005) Total rewards in action: Developing a total rewards strategy. Benefits & Compensation Digest. Retrieved May 7, 2020 from http://staceykaplan.com/pdf/Stacey_Kaplan_Total_Rewards.pdf
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Meyersohn, N. (2019) Walmart will recruit high school students with free SAT prep and $1 a day college tuition. CNN Business. Retrieved May 7, 2020 from https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/04/business/walmart-college-tuition-benefit-high-school-students/index.html
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executive Summary
Although the precise causes differ from organization to organization, the high costs that are associated with unplanned turnover are well documented. In ……
References
Christie, J. (2014, September). Cochrane review brief: Exit interviews to reduce turnover amongst healthcare professionals. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. 19(3), 7-11.
Dobbs, K. (2009, April). Knowing how to keep your best and brightest. Workforce, 80(4), 56-60.
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1. If jail time is off the table for executive, that would be an odd choice. Sarbanes Oxley creates disincentives for esecutives to commit fraud, such as in Enron. The point of SOX … for esecutives to commit fraud, such as in Enron. The point of SOX was really to add extra regulatory teeth, added punishments for executive committing fraud, under the knowledge that most major fraud is committed with the approval of executive, or driven by them. Folks lower down don’t have the access, nor the equity-based compensation packages, that would motivate or facilitate fraud without senior executive knowledge or initiation. As such, a law that takes jail time off the table would be pointless, as the incentives to commit accounting ……
References
Jones, H. (2020) UK watchdog backs tougher Sarbanes-Oxley style rules for top companies. CNBC. Retrieved May 4, 2020 from https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/09/reuters-america-uk-watchdog-backs-tougher-sarbanes-oxley-style-rules-for-top-companies.html
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… should count its drivers as employees rather than as freelancers or contractors. Drivers too have argued that they deserve the benefits, protections and compensation that regular employees receive (Rapier, 2019). However, the National Labor Relations Board's general counsel recently revealed that Uber’s drivers will continue to be ……
References
Bhuiyan, J. (2018). Uber’s sleek new product? Your safety. Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/2018/9/6/17824294/uber-safety-product-feature s
Bond, S. (2019). Uber Received Nearly 6,000 U.S. Sexual Assault Claims In Past 2 Years. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2019/12/05/785037245/uber-received-nearly-6-000-u-s-sexual-assault-claims-in-past-2-year s
Kaltner, J. (2018). Employment status of uber and lyft drivers: Unsettlingly settled. Hastings Women's LJ, 29, 29.
Malos, S., Lester, G. V., & Virick, M. (2018). Uber drivers and employment status in the gig economy: Should corporate social responsibility tip the scales?. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 30(4), 239-251.
North, A. (2019). It’s not just passengers being assaulted in Ubers. Drivers are at risk, too. Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/2019/12/7/20998646/uber-safety-report-sexual-assault-lyft-case s
Rapier, G. (2019). Uber scored a major victory when the US government ruled drivers aren't employees, but not everyone is happy. Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com/uber-drivers-disappointed-ruling-not-employees-2019-5
Reingold, J. (2013). Southwest’s Herb Kelleher: Still crazy after all these years. Retrieved from http://fortune.com/2013/01/14/southwests-herb-kelleher-still-crazy-after-all-these-years/
Rogers, B. (2016). Employment rights in the platform economy: Getting back to basics. Harv. L. & Pol'y Rev., 10, 479.
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