Depression Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Postpartum Depression In New Moms
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Postpartum Depression
Introduction
Becoming a new mother can be a very overwhelming experience for some women and the symptoms of postpartum depression that follow birth can confuse and deject them. It is important that women receive the therapeutic help they need in these situations. This … is important that women receive the therapeutic help they need in these situations. This paper will discuss the symptoms and causes of postpartum depression, how a counselor can develop strategies to work with clients experiencing postpartum depression, how a counselor can build rapport, barriers to care, and psychological interventions the counselor can use to treat the client.
Symptoms and Causes
… can build rapport, barriers to care, and psychological interventions the counselor can use to treat the client.
Symptoms and Causes
Symptoms of postpartum depression for new mothers include a range of signs that can go from mild to extreme.……
References
References
American Psychological Association. (2002). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychologist, 57, 1060-1073.
Badr, H. A., & Zauszniewski, J. A. (2017). Kangaroo care and postpartum depression: The role of oxytocin. International journal of nursing sciences, 4(2), 179-183.
Baka, J., Csakvari, E., Huzian, O., Dobos, N., Siklos, L., Leranth, C., ... & Hajszan, T. (2017). Stress induces equivalent remodeling of hippocampal spine synapses in a simulated postpartum environment and in a female rat model of major depression. Neuroscience, 343, 384-397.
Firman, D. (2009). Stepping up: Strategies for the new counselor. Counseling with confidence: From pre-service to professional practice, 15-28.
Jones, J. & Lyddon, W. (2000). Cognitive Therapy and Empirically Validated Treatments. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 14(3): 337-345.
Ko, J. Y., Rockhill, K. M., Tong, V. T., Morrow, B., & Farr, S. L. (2017). Trends in postpartum depressive symptoms—27 states, 2004, 2008, and 2012. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 66(6), 153.
LoFrisco, B. (2012). How to build rapport with clients. Retrieved from https://www.mastersincounseling.org/counseling/client-rapport/
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370.
Study Document
Intake Information For Mental Health
… longer the person that she used to be.
History of the complaint:
The patient mentioned that she searched for help regarding her post-partum depression about six months after giving birth to Zeke, her third-born. She mentioned that she got depressed after finding out that she was expectant, … months after giving birth to Zeke, her third-born. She mentioned that she got depressed after finding out that she was expectant, and her depression worsened after the birth of her child. She recalls being exhausted sad, often crying, and having no energy during the first months of … her condition was not improving. She also added that she just does not like taking medicine. She mentioned no other instances of past depression cases.
Current family relationships:
The patient stays with the husband, with whom they have been married for six years, together with their three … her, though she mentions that……
References
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. BMC Med, 17, 133-137.
Buntrock, C., Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Smit, F., Riper, H., Berking, M., & Cuijpers, P. (2016). Effect of a web-based guided self-help intervention for prevention of major depression in adults with subthreshold depression: a randomized clinical trial. Jama, 315(17), 1854-1863.
Davaasambuu, S., Aira, T., Hamid, P., Wainberg, M., & Witte, S. (2017). Risk and resilience factors for depression and suicidal ideation in Mongolian college students. Mental health & prevention, 5, 33.
Gilbert, P. (2016). Depression: The evolution of powerlessness. Routledge.
Hammen, C. (2018). Risk factors for depression: An autobiographical review. Annual review of clinical psychology, 14, 1-28.
Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Macmillan.
Khoury, B., Langer, E. J., & Pagnini, F. (2014). The DSM: mindful science or mindless power? A critical review. Frontiers in psychology, 5, 602.
MacGill, M. (2017). What is depression and what can I do about it? Medical News Today. Retrieved from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/kc/depression-causes-symptoms-treatments-8933.
Study Document
Case Conceptualization Group Therapy CBT And Psychodynamics
… a weekly outpatient relationships group consisting of fifteen members, ages 25-50. All group members have been formally diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder and/or Depression, and some with more than one clinical disorder. Additionally, all members have attended this group for at least six months, most of whom … months and have received formal diagnoses using clinical assessments by a referring psychologist or psychiatrist. Six of the clients have been diagnosed with Depression. Five have been diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Four have been diagnosed with both Depression and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Moreover, three of the clients have been diagnosed with substance use disorder.
In terms of ethnic backgrounds, five of … a client. While the DSM-V does not offer guidelines for classifying patients as being mild, moderate, or severe, the clinician may discriminate between depression severity among patients with the diagnosis (Tolentino & Schmidt, 2018). It is also worth……
References
References
American Counseling Association (2014). ACA Code of Ethics. Retrieved from: https://www.counseling.org/resources/aca-code-of-ethics.pdf
American Group Psychotherapy Association (2007). Practice guidelines for group psychotherapy. Retrieved from: https://www.agpa.org/docs/default-source/practice-resources/download-full-guidelines-(pdf-format)-group-works!-evidence-on-the-effectiveness-of-group-therapy.pdf?sfvrsn=ce6385a9_2
“Clinical Thinking Skills,” (n.d.). Retrieved from: https://in.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/44297_3.pdf
Glasofer, D.R. (2019). Generalized anxiety disorder. Retrieved from: https://www.verywellmind.com/dsm-5-criteria-for-generalized-anxiety-disorder-1393147
MacNamara, A., Kotov, R. & Hajcak, G. (2016). Diagnosis and symptom-based predictors of emotional processing in generalized anxiety disorder and Major Depressive Disorder: An Event-Related Potential Study. Cognitive Therapy and Research 40(2016): 275-289.
Plummer, F., Manea, L., Trepel, D., et al. (2016). Screening for anxiety disorders with the GAD-7 and GAD-2: a systematic review and diagnostic metaanalysis. General Hospital Psychiatry 39(2016): 24-31.
Suszek, H., Holas, P., Wyrzykowski, T., et al. (2015). Short-term intensive psychodynamic group therapy versus cognitive-behavioral group therapy in day treatment of anxiety disorders and comorbid depressive or personality disorders: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 16(2015): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4517633/
Thimm, J.C. & Antonsen, L. (2014). Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy for depression in routine practice. BMC Psychiatry 14(292): https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-014-0292-x
Study Document
Psychological Health
… well as bias in negatively interpreting vague information and data (interpretation bias), actually plays a huge part in the start and maintenance of depression and anxiety (Hughes at al., 2016). There is a growing interest in health psychology in the application of these experimental techniques to evaluate … on cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, or interpersonal approaches. According to one latest huge network meta-analysis involving 198 random trials conducted on patients suffering from depression, even though the amount of proof differed across the individual treatments, the health impacts appeared to be of the same magnitude (Barth et … the trials involved in this huge meta-analysis were conducted in specialized mental healthcare surroundings. Two questions arise about the treatment and management of depression, particularly in primary care.
One, can we infer the discoveries from trials conducted in specialized metal healthcare surroundings to primary care? Patients suffering … in primary care.
One, can……
References
References
Australian Psychological Society. (2010). Evidence?based psychological interventions in the treatment of mental disorders: A literature review. Victoria: Australian Psychological Association.
Barth, J., Munder, T., Gerger, H., Nüesch, E., Trelle, S., Znoj, H., ... & Cuijpers, P. (2016). Comparative efficacy of seven psychotherapeutic interventions for patients with depression: a network meta-analysis. Focus, 14(2), 229-243.
Castelnuovo, G. (2017). New and old adventures of clinical health psychology in the twenty-first century: standing on the shoulders of giants. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 1214.
Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J., Sawyer, A. T., & Fang, A. (2012). The efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Cognitive therapy and research, 36(5), 427-440.
Hughes, A. M., Gordon, R., Chalder, T., Hirsch, C. R., & Moss?Morris, R. (2016). Maximizing the potential impact of experimental research into cognitive processes in health psychology: A systematic approach to material development. British journal of health psychology, 21(4), 764-780.
Kirkham, J. G., Choi, N., & Seitz, D. P. (2016). Meta?analysis of problem solving therapy for the treatment of major depressive disorder in older adults. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 31(5), 526-535.
Lenz, A. S., Hall, J., & Bailey Smith, L. (2016). Meta-analysis of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for decreasing symptoms of acute depression. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 41(1), 44-70.
Linde, K., Rücker, G., Sigterman, K., Jamil, S., Meissner, K., Schneider, A., & Kriston, L. (2015). Comparative effectiveness of psychological treatments for depressive disorders in primary care: network meta-analysis. BMC family practice, 16(1), 103.
Study Document
Assessing And Treating Pediatric Clients With Mood Disorders
Background
The client in the present scenario is an 8-year-old African American male who presents with signs of depression. Some of the reported symptoms include; feeling of sadness, occasional irritation, and decreased appetite. The score obtained upon the administration of the Children’s … Some of the reported symptoms include; feeling of sadness, occasional irritation, and decreased appetite. The score obtained upon the administration of the Children’s Depression Rating Scale indicates significant depression. This text concerns itself with three decisions relating to the medications prescribed for the 8-year-old.
Discussion
I. Zoloft
Decision Point 1: Begin Zoloft …
Decision Point 1: Begin Zoloft 25 mg orally daily
Studies conducted in the past have indicated that for children and adolescents suffering from depression, Zoloft (Sertraline) happens to be largely effective. According to Hritzak and Culhane (2004), “Sertraline (Zoloft) is effective and generally well tolerated for the … In essence, Sertraline, which is essentially……
References
References
American Academy of Pediatrics (2020). Sertraline - Zoloft (Oral Solution). Retrieved from https://www.aap.org/en-us/professional-resources/Psychopharmacology/Pages/Sertraline-Zoloft-Oral-Solution.aspx
Fainzang, S. (2011). Discourse on safe drug use: symbolic logics and ethical aspects. Drug Saf., 33(8), 623-629.
Hritzak, K. & Culhane, N.S. (2004). Sertraline effective for children and adolescents with major depression. J Fam Pract., 53(1), 8-14.
Milev, D.R. (2015). Does Sleep Quality Change after Switch from Wellbutrin SR to Wellbutrin XL in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder? Retrieved from https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00616915
Mullen, S. (2018). Major depressive disorder in children and adolescents. Ment Health Clin., 8(6), 275-283.
Navels, R.M., Gentkovsky, S.T. & Williams, B.E. (2016). Paroxetine—The Antidepressant from Hell? Probably Not, But Caution Required. Psychopharmacol Bull., 46(1), 77-104.
Patel, K., Allen, S., Haque, M.N., Angelescu, L., Baumeister, D. & Tracy, D.K. (2016). Bupropion: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness as an antidepressant. The Adv Psychopharmacol., 6(2), 99-144.
Study Document
Internet Influence On Adolescents
… these virtual platforms more easily. There is little awareness in the public view of the negative effects of too much Internet.
Internet and Depression in Adolescents
Cheung, Chan, Lui, Tsui & Chan (2018) examined the correlations between Hong Kong adolescents’ Internet use and self-esteem levels, loneliness levels … Adolescents
Cheung, Chan, Lui, Tsui & Chan (2018) examined the correlations between Hong Kong adolescents’ Internet use and self-esteem levels, loneliness levels and depression in a sample of 665 teens. The major factor they found that correlated with Internet addiction was online gaming. They also found that … that correlated with Internet addiction was online gaming. They also found that self-esteem levels were negatively correlated with Internet addiction while loneliness and depression were positively correlated with Internet addiction. The data was self-reported based on a questionnaire distributed through email to the sample, obtained through schools … that it only looked at……
References
References
Agarwal, A. K., Verma, A., & Agarwal, M. (2017). Internet victimization and depression among adolescents, 14(3), 60-62.
Cheung, J. C. S., Chan, K. H. W., Lui, Y. W., Tsui, M. S., & Chan, C. (2018). Psychological well-being and adolescents’ internet addiction: A school-based cross-sectional study in Hong Kong. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 35(5), 477-487.
Festinger, D. S., Dugosh, K. L., Clements, N., Flynn, A. B., Falco, M., McLellan, A. T.,& Arria, A. M. (2016). Use of the internet to obtain drugs without a prescription among treatment-involved adolescents and young adults. Journal of child & adolescent substance abuse, 25(5), 480-486.
Görzig, A. (2016). Adolescents’ viewing of suicide-related web content and psychological problems: Differentiating the roles of cyberbullying involvement. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19(8), 502-509.
Law, Y. M. (2019). Family factors and internet addiction among junior secondary school students in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Doctoral Dissertation.
Sajeev Kumar, P., Prasad, N., Raj, Z., & Abraham, A. (2015). Internet addiction and substance use disorders in adolescent students-a cross sectional study. J. Int. Med. Dent, 2, 172-179.
Study Document
Future Changes And Challenges Within The Elderly Population
… the elderly population today. Those changes and challenges include changes in environment as the population moves into assisted living and combating isolation and depression, which can occur in this population. Likewise, because of the nature of the globalized world it is more likely that this population will … disability is often seen as a major challenge for the elderly population as well (Aging and Disability Services, 2013).
Dealing with Isolation and Depression
Another major challenge is the issue of dealing with isolation and depression that comes with aging. Many times the elderly are left alone for long hours of the day or for days on end with …
Animal-assisted therapy programs can be provided as well. Animals typically bring people great joy and can enhance in the well-being and stave off depression or withdrawal. When animals are brought to see people, a connection is made between the elderly and……
References
References
Aging and Disability Services. (2013). Promote Healthy Aging. Retrieved from http://www.agingkingcounty.org/healthy_aging.htm
Baker, T. A. (2014). The importance of aging studies: Understanding the influence of diversity and culture. Age Culture Humanities: An Interdisciplinary Journal (1). Retrieved from http://ageculturehumanities.org/WP/the-importance-of-aging-studies-understanding-the-influence-of-diversity-and-culture/
Banks, M. R., Willoughby, L. M., & Banks, W. A. (2008). Animal-assisted therapy and loneliness in nursing homes: use of robotic versus living dogs. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 9(3), 173-177.
Brojeni, S. A., Ilali, E. S., Taraghi, Z., & Mousavinasab, N. (2019). Lifestyle and its related factors in elderly. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences, 6(1), 32.
Cornwell, E. Y., & Waite, L. J. (2009). Measuring social isolation among older adults using multiple indicators from the NSHAP study. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 64(suppl_1), i38-i46.
Landeiro, F., Barrows, P., Musson, E. N., Gray, A. M., & Leal, J. (2017). Reducing social isolation and loneliness in older people: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open, 7(5), e013778.
Liu, S. J., Lin, C. J., Chen, Y. M., & Huang, X. Y. (2007). The effects of reminiscence group therapy on self-esteem, depression, loneliness and life satisfaction of elderly people living alone. Mid-Taiwan Journal of Medicine, 12(3), 133-142.
Moore, E. G., & Rosenberg, M. W. (2001). Canada's elderly population: the challenges of diversity. Canadian Geographer, 45(1), 145.
Study Document
Psychological Test Evaluation Beck Anxiety Inventory BAI
… State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) form Y. It reads 54 for the seven days mean anxiety rating of the weekly record of anxiety and depression (Beck et al., 1988; Beck & Steer, 1993). Thus, yes, the scale provides sufficient validity to inform a decision to use it.
Describe … Also, there should research effort directed at investigating the common the negative affectivity common factor portrayed in the BAI when distinguishing anxiety from depression in tracing outcomes of treatment (Piotrowski, 2018).
The creation and development of a self-report inventory of 21 items for gauging anxiety severity in … Furthermore, the BAI underwent correlation, moderately, with the revised Hamilton anxiety rating scale, i.e., r(150)=.51, and was slightly correlated with the revised Hamilton Depression Rating Scale of r(153)=.25
In their review, Leyfer, Ruberg & Woodruff-Borden (2006) administered the BAI and the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule (ADIS-IV) to ……
References
References
Arnold, L. M., Clauw, D., Wang, F., Ahl, J., Gaynor, P. J., &Wohlreich, M. M. (2010). Flexible dosed duloxetine in the treatment of fibromyalgia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Journal of rheumatology, 37(12), 2578-2586.
Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1993). Beck Anxiety Inventory manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G. & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893–897.
Biggs, Q. M. (2008). Transportation trauma and psychological morbidity: Anxiety, depression, PTSD, and perceived control in a hospitalized sample. (Doctoral dissertation, University of North Texas).
DeFeo, J. (2005). Beck Anxiety Inventory. NCTSN Measure Review Database. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.506.4912&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Gillis, M. M., Haaga, D. A., & Ford, G. T. (1995). Normative values for the beck anxiety inventory, fear questionnaire, Penn state worry questionnaire, and social phobia and anxiety inventory. Psychological Assessment, 7(4), 450.
Halfaker, D. A., Akeson, S. T., Hathcock, D. R., Mattson, C., &Wunderlich, T. L. (2011). Psychological aspects of pain. Pain procedures in clinical practice (pp. 13-22). Hanley &Belfus.
Julian, L. J. (2011). Measures of anxiety: state?trait anxiety inventory (STAI), Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale?anxiety (HADS?A). Arthritis care & research, 63(S11), S467-S472.
Study Document
Gender And Veterans Differences In Access To Mental Health Care Services
… he might be deployed in a war zone, which later would have disastrous impacts on his mental health in the form of stress, depression, and excessive use of alcohol, etc. The intensity of trauma might increase if the diagnosis is not done on time and may lead … for small illnesses and therefore require outpatient health care services more frequently as compared to men; the same stands true for reproductive and depression care as well. So, per person, the medical costs of women are higher than men in general.
If women are deployed in conflict … impacts of the warzone are observed equally on V.A. military men and women who either have or not have received mental health care. Depression is a part of their personality when they return and therefore need special attention. Rates of PTSD were detected to be three times … belonged to the White community,……
References
References
Adams, R.E., Urosevich, T.G., Hoffman, S.N., Kirchner, H.L., Figley, C.R., Withey, C.A., Boscarino, J.J., Dugan, R.J. & Boscarino, J.A. (2019). Social and psychological risk and protective factors for veteran well-being: The role of veteran identity and its implications for intervention. Military Behavioral Health, 7(3), 304-314. https://doi.org/10.1080/21635781.2019.1580642
Allore, H.G., Ning, Y., Brandt, C.A., & Goulet, J.L. (2013). Accounting for the hierarchical structure in veterans’ health administration data: Differences in healthcare utilization between men and women veterans. International Journal of Statistics in Medical Research, 2(2), 94-103. DOI: 10.6000/1929-6029.2013.02.02.03
Brooks, C. & Chopik, W. (2010, June 17). Research finds deployment affects mental health of veterans differently. Michigan State University. https://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2020/research-finds-deployment-affects-mental-health-of-veterans-differently/
Duggal, M., Goulet, J.L., Womack, J., Gordon, K., Mattocks, K., Haskell, S.G., Justice, A.C. & Brandt, C.A. (2010). Comparison of outpatient health care utilization among returning women and men veterans from Afghanistan and Iraq. BMS Health Services Research, 10 (175). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-10-175
Harpaz-Rotem, I. & Rosenheck, R.A. (2011). Serving those who served: Retention of newly returning veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan in mental health treatment. Psychiatric Services, 62(1), 22-27. DOI: 10.1176/ps.62.1.pss6201_0022.
Haskel, S.G., Brandt, C.A., Krebs, E.E., Skanderson, M., Kerns, R.D., & Goulet, J.L. (2009). Pain among veterans of operations enduring freedom and Iraqi freedom: Do women and men differ? Pain Medicine, 10(7), 1167-1173. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526- 4637.2009.00714.x
Kaur, S., Stechuchak, K.M., Coffman, C.J., Allen, K.D., & Bastain, L.A. (2007). Gender differences in health care utilization among veterans with chronic pain. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 22(2), 228-233. DOI: 10.1007/s11606-006-0048-5
Koo, K.H., Madden, E. & Maguen, S. (2015). Race, ethnicity, and gender differences in V.A. health care service utilization among U.S. veterans of recent conflicts. Psychiatric Services, 66(5), 507-513. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201300498
Study Document
Social Media S Negative Effect On Emotions
… wellbeing. For instance, a number of studies have already shown that there is a direct relationship between frequent use of social media and depression and low mood (Berry et al., 559). This work is an investigation of the possible negative effects of frequent social media use. It …
A recent publication by Thomas Goldhar on the web revealed that the frequent use of social media results in decreased social skills, narcissism, depression, anxiety, envy, and loneliness. For young people who have been raised in the age of the Internet, the effect of frequent social media … post information about their hardships. The assumption that others are doing better is often one of the leading causes of low mood or depression among social media users.
Approximately 60 percent of social media users recently reported in a survey that their self-esteem was negatively affected by … that frequent use of social……
References
Works cited
Berry, Natalie, et al. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Social media and its relationship with mood, self?esteem and paranoia in psychosis.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 138.6 (2018): 558-570.
Conick, Hal. Marketing\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Ethical Line Between Social Media Habit and Addiction. American Marketing Association, 2017.
Do?an, U?ur. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Effects of social network use on happiness, psychological well-being, and life satisfaction of high school students: Case of facebook and twitter.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Egitim ve Bilim 41.183 (2016), 217-231.
Goldhar, Thomas. The Negative Impacts that Social Media Have On Our Self-Esteem. Medium.com, 2018. Web.
Hu, Elise. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Facebook makes us sadder and less satisfied, study finds.\\\\\\\\\\\\" In Isaac Gillman Online lives, offline consequences: Professionalism, information ethics and professional students. Interface on the Internet 9.1 (2009) 484-485.
Konnikova, Maria. “How Facebook Makes Us Unhappy.” Annals of technology. The New Yorker, 2013. Web.
Kross, Ethan, et al. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Facebook use predicts declines in subjective well-being in young adults.\\\\\\\\\\\\" PloS one 8.8 (2013): e69841.
Orben, Amy, Tobias Dienlin, and Andrew K. Przybylski. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Social media’s enduring effect on adolescent life satisfaction.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116.21 (2019): 10226-10228.
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