Study Document
Introduction
Starbucks Corporation was established in 1971 and it is headquartered in Seattle, Washington. The company specializes in roasting, marketing, and retailing specialty coffee all over … sustainability bond with the goal of financing coffee growing projects in various regions so as to promote environmental sustainability and socio-economic growth. Starbucks Corporation followed the guidelines presented by the Green Bond Principles 2016 in issuing its Starbucks Corporation Sustainability Bond Framework - also referred to simply as the “Framework”. The proceeds of the bond were directed at financing and refinancing existing … industry, Starbucks has open-sourced this framework and made it available to other industry players (Khalamayzer, 2017).
One of the goals of the Starbucks Corporation is to positively impact the communities it operates in. Towards this end, the corporation has partnered with local nonprofits that work to address the needs of the communities. For every transaction at a Starbucks store, $0.05……
References
Bruhn-Hansen, S. (2012). Corporate Social Responsibility–A case study of Starbucks’ CSR: communication through its corporate website. Unpublished master’s thesis, Illinois State University. Retrieved from http://pure. au. dk/portal/files/45282206/ba_thesis. pdf.
Harnrungchalotorn, S., & Phayonlerd, Y. (2016). Starbucks with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR):“How Starbucks succeeds in a business world with CSR” (Doctoral dissertation, Master Thesis. Faculty Board of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT Business Administration).
Juneja, P. (2018). PESTLE Analysis of Starbucks. Retrieved November 21, 2019, from https://www.managementstudyguide.com/swot-analysis-of-unilever.htm .
Khalamayzer, A. (2017, November 16). How Starbucks brewed a stronger sustainability bond. Retrieved November 21, 2019, from https://www.greenbiz.com/article/how-starbucks-brewed-stronger-sustainability-bond .
Steven Li. (2019, July 5). Is Starbucks actually serious about environmental sustainability? Retrieved November 21, 2019, from https://therising.co/2019/07/05/is-starbucks-actually-serious-about-environmental-sustainability/ .
Sustainalytics. (2019). Second-Party Opinion Starbucks Sustainability Bond. Sustainalytics Second-Party Opinion Review.
Study Document
Hospital Corporation of America
Introduction
Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) is not only one of the country’s largest hospital companies, but it also happens to be one of the most … being welcoming to clients from other races.
References
Griffin, R. (2007). Fundamentals of Management (5th ed.). New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Hospital Corporation of America - HCA……
References
Hospital Corporation of America - HCA (2019). Who We Are. Retrieved from https://hcahealthcare.com/about/
Mincer, J. (2018). Hospital Operator HCA Spends Big to Keep Nurses on Board. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hca-labor/hospital-operator-hca-spends-big-to-keep-nurses-on-board-idUSKBN1I510F
Yahoo Finance (2019). HCA Healthcare, Inc. (HCA). Retrieved from https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/HCA/profile?p=HCA
Study Document
...Corporation Toyota’s JIT (just in time) manufacturing system keeps inventory at a minimum and is committed to avoiding overproduction. Only what is needed, when it is needed, is provided. “Overproduction may create excessive lead times, result in high storage costs and make it difficult to detect defects” (Harris, 2007, par.3). Whenever something is produced that is unneeded, that is a waste of both time and money. Waste also means the waste of storage space needed to keep inventory clean and in climate-controlled conditions. Waste also means that products which could have been valuable could have taken up the devoted time and money to the unneeded products instead.
But to operate a JIT system requires close relationships with suppliers. Suppliers must be trusted to be able to supply the raw materials in small quantities, as quickly as possible, when there is a spike in demand. A JIT system also requires highly trained……
Reference
Harris, L. (2007). Investing in our economy. Capacity Magazine. Retrieved from:
http://www.rcbi.org/index.php/viewarticle/130-capacity-magazine/spring- 2007/features/336-lean-manufacturing-made-toyota-the-success-story-it-is- todayinvesting-in-our-economy
Study Document
The company should operate as a C corporation. There are a few reasons for this choice of business structure. As a sole proprietorship, Bob faces a number of challenges, including the … pass the business on to his daughter. Therefore, the sole proprietorship should be a non-starter. He has the option of S and C corporations, and there are specific implications for each of these.
An S corporation elects to “pass corporate income, losses, deductions and credits through to their shareholders for federal tax purposes” (IRS.gov, 2020). The company is eligible … income, losses, deductions and credits through to their shareholders for federal tax purposes” (IRS.gov, 2020). The company is eligible to be an S corporation, as it meets the criteria that the IRS has laid out. One of the risks, however, is in the transfer of ownership to … never knows when a pandemic will render the business unprofitable.……
References
IRS.gov (2020) S corporations. Internal Revenue Service. Retrieved April 12, 2020 from https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/s-corporations
Morah, C. (2020) Accrual accounting vs cash basis accounting: What’s the difference? Investopedia. Retrieved April 12, 2020 from https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/09/accrual-accounting.asp
SBA.gov (2020) Selling a small business and succession planning for small business. Small Business Association. Retrieved April 12, 2020 from https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/files/PARTICIPANT_GUIDE_SELLING_SUCCESSION_PLANNING.pdf
Study Document
Introduction
Milton Friedman’s quote gets to the heart of the conflict between shareholder theory vs. stakeholder theory. Shareholder theory posits that a corporation’s sole responsibility is to maximize the return on investment (ROI) for shareholders. Stakeholder theory posits, on the other hand, that a company owes … workers, consumers; in short, anyone who is part of or who is impacted in some way by the company. The question is: Do corporations exist only to serve the interests of shareholders or do they also have a responsibility to serve stakeholders as well? This paper will … instead of shareholder theory, and it will explain why starting with Friedman’s own words.
Without Deception or Fraud
Friedman believed that if a corporation is doing right by shareholders, the rest will take care of itself. The problem is that times have changed since Friedman made that … or fraud.” The reason corporate share buybacks……
References
Augustine. (n.d.). Commentaries on Sermon on the Mount. http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/16011.htm
Chen, J. (2019). Market Milestones as the Bull Market Turns 10. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/market-milestones-as-the-bull-market-turns-10-4588903
Egan, M. (2018). Tax cut triggers $437 billion explosion of stock buybacks. Retrieved from https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/10/investing/stock-buybacks-record-tax-cuts/index.html
Henrich, S. (2019). Unholy alliance. Retrieved from https://northmantrader.com/2019/11/30/unholy-alliance/
Laux, C., & Leuz, C. (2010). Did fair-value accounting contribute to the financial crisis?. Journal of economic perspectives, 24(1), 93-118.
Light, L. (2019). More than Half of All Stock Buybacks are Now Financed by Debt. Here’s Why That’s a Problem. Retrieved from https://fortune.com/2019/08/20/stock-buybacks-debt-financed/
Mullen, C. (2019). People want to buy \\\\\\'local\\\\\\' food, but they\\\\\\'re not sure what it means. Retrieved from https://www.bizjournals.com/bizwomen/news/latest-news/2019/05/people-want-to-buy-local-food-but-theyre-not-sure.html?page=all
Putka, G. (2019). Insiders are selling. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/company-insiders-are-selling-stock-during-buyback-programs-and-making-additional-profits-when-stock-prices-jump-and-its-legal/2019/11/06/fc592f58-e493-11e9-a331-2df12d56a80b_story.html
Study Document
… the environmental movement of the 1960s and calls for greater levels of corporate social responsibility with the seminal counterpoint to the idea that corporations have particular responsibilities. While much has been written on the pro-responsibility side, there are few impassioned counterpoints, and this is one of them. … is one of them. Most of them touch on this article's concepts. The core concept is that within the framework of the law, corporations have a responsibility to their shareholders to make money. The logic is this. People invest in corporations to earn returns on their investment. Corporate managers serve the shareholders, and therefore they should orient their activities solely towards increasing profit. Friedman … have, by examining the marketing impacts of their respective approaches.
Menon and Menon (1997) look at the marketing strategy behind environmental activities of corporations. Their study looks at how corporate environmentalism has emerged as a business……
References
Aguilera, R, Rupp, D., Williams, C. & Ganapathi, J. (2005) Putting the S back in corporate social responsibility: A multi-level theory of social change in organizations. Academy of Management Review. (2005). Retrieved November 4, 2017 from https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/1768/TS_Aguilera.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
Banerjee, S. (2008) Corporate social responsibility: the good, bad and the ugly. Critical Sociology. Vol. 34 (1)
Blowfield, M., Frynas, J. (2005) Editorial setting new agendas: Critical perspectives on corporate social responsibility in the developing world. International Affairs. Vol. 81 (3) 499-513.
Brammer, S., Jackson, G. & Matten, D. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory: New perspectives on private governance. Socio-Economic Review. Vol. 10 (2012) 3-28.
Campbell, J. (2007) Why would corporations behave in socially responsible ways? An institutional theory of corporate social responsibility The Academy of Management Review. Vol. 32 (3) 946-967.
Epstein, E. (1987) The corporate social policy process: Beyond business ethics, corporate social responsibility, and corporate social responsiveness. California Management Review. Vol. 29 (3) 99.
Friedman, M. (1970) The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times Magazine. Retrieved November 4, 2017 from https://www.colorado.edu/studentgroups/libertarians/issues/friedman-soc-resp-business.html
Heningway, C. & Maclagan, P. (2004) Managers' personal values as drivers of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics. Vol. 50 (1) 33-44.
Study Document
…
GE Appliances faced intense competition from other players in the market. These include the following:
1. LG Electronics
LG is a multinational electronics corporation with its main center of operations situated in South Korea. LG partakes in the manufacturing of home appliances comprising refrigerators, washing machines, tumble … through the unveiling of smart appliances that permits users to communicate, control, supervise, and share information with the appliances to function.
2. Whirlpool Corporation
This is a multinational manufacturer, marketer, and retailer of home appliances with its center of operations situated in Michigan in the United States. … Some of the company's major brands include Hotpoint, Acros, Amana, Royalstar, Whirlpool, and also Hefei Sanyo.
3. Samsung
Samsung Electronics is a multinational corporation that has its headquarters situated in South Korea. Significantly, Samsung Electronics operates numerous assembly plants across the globe and has sales systems in ……
References
General Electric. (2019). Annual Report, 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.ge.com/sites/default/files/GE_AR19_AnnualReport.pdf
GE Appliances. (2020). Our Community. Retrieved from: https://www.geappliances.com/our-company/
QIMA. (2020). What is the Product Inspection? Retrieved from: https://www.qima.com/quality-control-services/product-and-manufacturing-inspections
Goh, A., Sullivan, M. (2011). How To Conduct Quality Control With Chinese Manufacturers. Business Insider.
Weber, A. (2019). Assembly Plant of the Year: Refrigerator Production Heats Up at GE Appliances. Assembly. Retrieved from: https://www.assemblymag.com/articles/95217-assembly-plant-of-the-year-refrigerator-production-heats-up-at-ge-appliance s
Trebilcock, B. (2020). GE Appliance: Pulling the digital thread. Logistics Management. Retrieved from: https://www.logisticsmgmt.com/article/ge_appliance_pulling_the_digital_thread
Flannery, R. (January 15, 2016). Haier To Buy GE Appliances For $5.4B In China\\\\\\\\\\\\'s 2nd Big U.S. Acquisition This Week. Forbes. Retrieved from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/russellflannery/2016/01/15/haier-to-buy-ge-appliances-for-5-4b-in-chinas-2nd-big-u-s-acquisition-this-week/#2a6118503c24
Hayes, A. (July 28, 2020). Quality Control. Investopedia. Retrieved from: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/quality-control.asp
Study Document
… like manufacturing unit location, customer service quality/standards, and raw material sourcing. Of late, business environmental evolution has coerced large as well as small corporations into focusing closely on the link between this function and others (Heskett, 1977).
Key factors in organizational strategy development include governmental regulation, technological … for organizational strategies, and adopt measures for guaranteeing ongoing, long-run opportunity assessment (Heskett, 1977).
Logistics-focused approaches are of significance as well, in large corporations. Consider the example of one among the biggest chemical producers in the world, which replaced its ships lately. The ships were tasked with … a more contemporary approach, such as creating a website for customers to buy their goods via the internet. This alternative works well for corporations having a customer base that is at least moderately tech-savvy, is brand loyal, or requires a particular solution for fulfilling its needs (Ma ……
References
Heskett, J. L. (1977). Logistics-essential to strategy. Harvard Business Review, 55(6), 85-96.
Jenkins, L. (2018). Distribution strategy | Cutting edge distribution strategies 2020. Software Selection Tool | Software Selection Management | SelectHub. https://www.selecthub.com/enterprise-resource-planning/cutting-edge-distribution-strategies/
La Londe, B. J., & Masters, J. M. (1994). Emerging logistics strategies. International journal of physical distribution & logistics management.
Li, X. (2014). Operations management of logistics and supply chain: Issues and directions. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, 2014.
Ma, X., Yin, Y., & Liu, T. (2011, August). The simulation and optimizing of different distribution strategies for the distribution centre based on Flexsim. In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics (ICAL) (pp. 201-204). IEEE.
Partida, B. (2017, November 14). The right distribution strategy affects logistics performance. Supply Chain Management Review. https://www.scmr.com/article/the_right_distribution_strategy_affects_logistics_performance
Study Document
Cyber security tendencies have evolved into systems that are used for data security, mostly for big corporations which can afford the service. System vulnerability is one of the major concerns of organizations getting web servers, firewalls and security measures for ……
References
Anderson, R. O. (1997). EMERGING CHALLENGE: SECURITY AND SAFETY IN CYBERSPACE. In R. O. Anderson, In Athena's Camp: Preparing for Conflict in the Information Age (pp. 231–252). RAND corporation.
Martin C. Libicki, L. A. (2015). The Efficacy of Security Systems. In L. A. Martin C. Libicki, The Defender’s Dilemma: Charting a Course Toward Cybersecurity (pp. 23-40). Santa Monica: RAND Corporation.
Mays, J. (2018, September 24). Understanding Load Balancing for Web Servers. Retrieved from Liquid Web: https://www.liquidweb.com/kb/understanding-load-balancing/
Thu, A. A. (2013). Integrated Intrusion Detection and Prevention System with Honeypot on Cloud Computing Environment. International Journal of Computer Applications, 9-13.
Study Document
… inherent risk of a consumer, credit card rates determine how much an individual must pay on a month basis to the financial institution. Corporations looking to borrow funds to expand their market share must consider the variable interest rates being changed and their ability to service the … primarily to their importance in key elements of human civilization, interest rates are a closely watched tool by individual investors, general consumers, and corporations. Banks in particular are heavily influenced by the change in interest rates as they operate as financial intermediaries between consumers and business. As ……
References
1. Goodhard, C and E Perotti, 2008 “Maturity mismatch stretching: Banking has taken a wrong turn”, CEPR Policy Insight 81, 6-July
2. Holston, Laubach, and Williams. 2017. “Measuring the Natural Rate of Interest: International Trends and Determinants,” Journal of International Economics 108, supplement 1 (May): S39–S75
3. Laubach and Williams. 2003. “Measuring the Natural Rate of Interest,” Review of Economics and Statistics 85, no.4 (November): 1063-70.
4. Rachel, L. and Smith, T.D., 2017. Are low real interest rates here to stay?. International Journal of Central Banking, 13(3), pp.1-42.
5. Schularick, M, and A M Taylor, (2009), “Credit Booms Gone Bust: Monetary Policy, Leverage Cycles and Financial Crises, 1870-2008”, NBER DP 15512
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