Child Development Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Treatment Versus Punishment
… in formation phases and they do not have the kind of control that one might expect or assume of an adult. Juveniles are child, in other words, and if a child is ever thrown into a cage society is more than likely to label it child abuse. Yet every year child are tried and punished for crimes as though they were adults. While sometimes punitive approaches to juvenile justice may be necessary in order … focuses on the idea that juveniles who commit a crime, whether it is selling drugs, robbing a house, rape, or murder, are still child and they should be viewed as child who are in serious need of help. The justice system should adopt a more humane approach to juveniles because they are still in … are in serious need of help. The justice system should adopt a more humane approach to juveniles because they……
References
References
Agnew, R. (2008). Strain Theory. In V. Parrillo (Ed.), Encyclopedia of social problems. (pp. 904-906). Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
Cramer, M. (2014). Parole Board releases 2nd man convicted of murder as juvenile. Retrieved from https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/08/06/parole-board-releases-man-convicted-murder-while-juvenile/REwVVe3aR9leuRVMpZsN6O/story.html
Diskin, M. (2018). New law will put limits. Retrieved from https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/2018/10/11/new-california-law-means-teen-suspect-oxnard-murders-cannot-tried-adult/1535518002/
Fritz, J. K. (2015). Diverting young offenders from prison is ‘smart justice.’ Education Digest, 81(2), 53-55.
Jannetta, J., & Okeke, C. (2017). Strategies for Reducing Criminal and Juvenile Justice Involvement. Building Ladders of Opportunity for Young People in the Great Lakes States, brief, 4. Retrieved from https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/94516/strategies-for-reducing-criminal-and-juvenile-justice-involvement_2.pdf
Johnson, T., Quintana, E., Kelly, D. A., Graves, C., Schub, O., Newman, P., & Casas, C. (2015). Restorative Justice Hubs Concept Paper. Revista de Mediación, 8(2), 2340-9754.
McCarthy, P., Schiraldi, V., & Shark, M. (2016). The future of youth justice: A community-based alternative to the youth prison model. US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice.
Meli, L. (2014). Hate Crime and Punishment: Why Typical Punishment Does Not Fit the Crime. U. Ill. L. Rev., 921.
Study Document
General Strain Theory Bullying Childhood Abuse
… Cullen, Unnever, Hartman, Turner, and Agnew (2008) is analyzing the impact of bullying while Watts and McNulty (2013) is analyzing the impact of child abuse. Both articles are looking at the linkage between the negative stimuli and the development of criminal or delinquent behavior. Both authors have managed to demonstrate there is direct like between bullying and development of criminal behavior and between child abuse and criminal behavior development. The strain that is being experienced by the child or individual results in anger, and as Agnew (2007) demonstrated, anger is one of the major factors of GST. The effect of anger … has been well articulated by other researchers and the two articles have managed to create a link that demonstrates that with bullying and child abuse, a person does develop anger that will lead them towards an escape through criminal or delinquent behavior. Family-based strains have also been……
References
References
Agnew, R. (2002). Experienced, vicarious, and anticipated strain: An exploratory study on physical victimization and delinquency. Justice Quarterly, 19(4), 603-632.
Agnew, R. (2007). Pressured into crime: An overview of general strain theory. Los Angeles,CA: Roxbury.
Cullen, F. T., Unnever, J. D., Hartman, J. L., Turner, M. G., & Agnew, R. (2008). Gender, bullying victimization, and juvenile delinquency: A test of general strain theory. Victims and Offenders, 3(4), 346-364.
Warner, B. D., & Fowler, S. K. (2003). Strain and violence: Testing a general strain theory model of community violence. Journal of Criminal Justice, 31(6), 511-521.
Watts, S. J., & McNulty, T. L. (2013). Childhood abuse and criminal behavior: Testing a general strain theory model. Journal of interpersonal violence, 28(15), 3023-3040.
Study Document
Drug Therapy Vs Animal Therapy
Poor child, the Problem of Drug Therapy and Possible Alternatives
Introduction
Foster child are more likely than child in the general population to have mental health issues (Polihronakis, 2008). Part of the reason for this is that foster child are in foster care because they have been neglected in their own homes, their parents are incapable of providing food, love, shelter and … another will be traumatic—and so they end up suffering from mental health problems. It is estimated that approximately 8 out of every 10 child in foster care have mental health issues, as opposed to 2 out of 10 child in the rest of the population (NCSL, 2019). For that reason, youths in foster homes and/or those who grow up in poverty are … medical industry treats mental health issues is by way of pharmacological intervention—i.e., drug therapy. As Kutz (2011) shows, a higher rate of foster child……
References
References
Broaddus, M. E. (2017). A Demonstration Project to Address Juvenile Drug Addiction.
Graduate Thesis, Bellarmine.
Korry, E. (2015). California Moves To Stop Misuse Of Psychiatric Meds In Foster Care.
Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/02/436350334/california-moves-to-stop-misuse-of-psychiatric-meds-in-foster-care
Kutz, G. D. (2011). Foster Children: HHS Guidance Could Help States Improve
Oversight of Psychotropic Prescriptions: Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Federal Financial Management, Government Information, Federal Services, and International Security, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, US Senate. US Government Accountability Office.
National Foster Youth Institute. (2017). Aging out of foster care. Retrieved from
https://www.nfyi.org/51-useful-aging-out-of-foster-care-statistics-social-race-media/
Study Document
The Moral And Ethical Implications Emerging Due To Globalization
… such as global financial instability, increased inequalities, terrorism. In an increasingly interdependent world, increasing world population, scientific and technology innovation advancement, global human development issues, global governance, peace and security, global environment and natural resources are emerging global issues of interest to both national and international governments … such as increasing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), greater economies of scale and scope and knowledge, and technology spillovers (Bhargava, 2007). It's enabled the development of competitive and comparative advantage in manufacturing by developing countries. The expansion of economic activities across the globe has put pressure on the … resulted in declining economic productivity. The forces of globalization triggered the need for addressing global income inequalities and poverty which remains pervasive
Globalization- child's rights nexus is one of the emerging global societal topics with two fundamental ethical issues that pervades in developing countries: child labor and child soldiers. child are used in……
References
References
Ahmad, A. (2013) \\\\\\'A Global Ethics for a Globalized World,\\\\\\' Policy Perspectives, 10(1), pp. 63–77. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/42909298.
Bereiter, C. and Scardamalia, M. (2020) \\\\\\'What will it mean to be\\\\\\" educated\\\\\\" in 2020\\\\\\', The Gordon Commission on the Future of Assessment in Education.
Buller, P. F., Kohls, J. J. and Anderson, K. S. (1991) \\\\\\'The challenge of global ethics,\\\\\\' Journal of Business Ethics, 10(10), pp. 767–775. DOI: 10.1007/BF00705711.
Gampel, E. H. (2010) \\\\\\'A framework for reasoning about ethical issues\\\\\\', pp. 1–18. Available at: http://www.academia.edu/4323854/A_Framework_for_Reasoning_about_Ethical_Issues .
Gong, Q. and Zhang, L. (2010) \\\\\\'Virtue ethics and modern society—A response to the thesis of the modern predicament of virtue ethics _ SpringerLink,\\\\\\' Frontiers of Philosophy in China, 5(2), pp. 255–265.
Newton, L. (2008) \\\\\\'Hale Chair in Applied Ethics Resources - Manuals.\\\\\\' Available at: http://www.rit.edu/cla/ethics/resources/manuals/dgae1p1.html .
The Blogxer (2012) \\\\\\'Responsibilities of an educated person,\\\\\\' The Third Eye. Available at: http://enlighten-me-not.blogspot.co.ke/2012/03/responsibilities-of-educated-person.html .
Study Document
Drug Abuse
Impact of Drug Abuse on School child Aged 10 To 18 in Developed Countries (U.S., Canada, France, England, Germany, Italy, Russia, Australia, Japan and China): Narrative Literature Review
Introduction
The … Narrative Literature Review
Introduction
The problem addressed in this literature review is that in developed countries around the world, drug abuse among school child between the ages of 10 and 18 is on the rise (UN, 2018). School child are particularly vulnerable because their bodies and minds are still developing and when drugs are introduced to their systems, the impact can be … devastating to them personally in physical and mental health terms (Stockings et al., 2016). Yet all around the developed world this is happening. child are being brought into and exposed to drug culture because drug use, particularly marijuana use is on the rise through vaping, which was … 2018). This is a serious problem and the……
References
References
Baggio, S., Spilka, S., Studer, J., Iglesias, K., & Gmel, G. (2016). Trajectories of drug use among French young people: Prototypical stages of involvement in illicit drug use. Journal of Substance Use, 21(5), 485-490.
Bonyani, A., Safaeian, L., Chehrazi, M., Etedali, A., Zaghian, M., & Mashhadian, F. (2018). A high school-based education concerning drug abuse prevention. Journal of education and health promotion, 7.
Chu, Y. W. L. (2015). Do medical marijuana laws increase hard-drug use?. The Journal of Law and Economics, 58(2), 481-517.
Downes, D. (2017). The drug addict as a folk devil. In Drugs and politics (pp. 89-97). Routledge.
Goodchild, M., Nargis, N., & d\\'Espaignet, E. T. (2018). Global economic cost of smoking-attributable diseases. Tobacco control, 27(1), 58-64.
Grant, C. N., & Bélanger, R. E. (2017). Cannabis and Canada’s children and youth. Paediatrics & child health, 22(2), 98-102.
Herbert, A., Gonzalez-Izquierdo, A., McGhee, J., Li, L., & Gilbert, R. (2016). Time-trends in rates of hospital admission of adolescents for violent, self-inflicted or drug/alcohol-related injury in England and Scotland, 2005–11: population-based analysis. Journal of Public Health, 39(1), 65-73.
Henkel, D., & Zemlin, U. (2016). Social inequality and substance use and problematic gambling among adolescents and young adults: a review of epidemiological surveys in Germany. Current drug abuse reviews, 9(1), 26-48.
Study Document
Education Law Policy And Social Justice
… because the language of instruction in the schools is different from the language spoken at home, some arrangements must be done for these child in these bilingual situations” (1016). Quite a number of research studies conducted in the past indicate that learners could have better comprehension of … in their mother tongue. This is particular the case in early learning. In one such study, it was found out that in early child classroom education, mother tongue was a key factor in the further advancement of the learning abilities of child (Awopetu, 2016). To a large extent, students tend to have more positive attitudes towards education – and the school at large – when … is not only limited to its linguistic aspects. To a large extent, mother tongue should also be conceptualized from the perspective of a child’s cultural as well as social identity. This is the meaning of……
References
References
Awopetu, A.V. (2016). Impact of Mother Tongue on Children’s Learning Abilities in Early Childhood Classroom. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 23, 58-63.
Busse, V., Cenoz, J., Dalmann, N. & Rogge, F. (2019). Addressing Linguistic Diversity in the Language Classroom in a Resource?Oriented Way: An Intervention Study with Primary School Children. Language Learning.
Bingol, A.S. (2012). Mother tongue instruction policies towards Turkish migrant children in Europe. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 1016-1023.
Mcmahon, T., Griese, E.R. & Kenyon, D.B. (2019). Cultivating Native American scientists: An application of an Indigenous model to an undergraduate research experience. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 14, 77-110.
Ozfidan, B. (2017). Right of Knowing and Using Mother Tongue: A Mixed Method Study. English Language Teaching; 10(12), 15-23.
Peyton, J.K. (2015). Language of Instruction: Research Findings and Program and Instructional Implications. Reconsidering Development, 4(1), 71-79.
Philips, J.S. (2015). The rights of indigenous peoples under international law. Global Bioethics, 26(2), 75-82.
Sahin, I. (2018). A look at mother tongue education in the context of the right to education. Educational Research and Reviews, 13(9), 343-353.
Study Document
Right Of Informed Refusal For Minors
… to young people as well, but this issue is particularly contentious because the vast majority of adults in the United States believe that child need and deserve special protections that preclude end-of-life decisions. Drawing on a virtue theoretical framework, the purpose of this paper is to examine … to be in their best interests, but which may involve long-term pain and debilitation. On the other hand, though, most adults recognize that child typically lack the background, experience and cognitive abilities to making life-changing decisions on their own. Against this backdrop, it is not surprising that … regard, Katz and Webb (2016) emphasize that, “Informed consent should be seen as an essential part of health care practice; parental permission and child assent is an active process that engages patients, both adults and child, in their health care” (p. 30).
Rather than relying on an arbitrary demarcation date concerning legal age,……
References
References
Black’s law dictionary. (1990). St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Company.
Bryden, J. (2016, February 25). Medical help in dying should be widely available, with few restrictions: Report. The Canadian Press, 6.
Hursthouse, R. & Pettigrove, G. (2018, Winter). Virtue ethics. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2018/entries/ethics-virtue .
Katz, A. L. & Webb, S. A. (2016, August). Informed consent in decision-making in pediatric practice. Pediatrics, 138(2), 30-37.
Lemmens, C. (2009, September). End- of- life decisions and minors: do minors have the right to refuse life preserving medical treatment? A comparative study. Medical Law Review, 28(3), 479-497.
Physician-assisted suicide. (2019). CNN. Retrieved from https://www.cnn.com/2014/11/26/us/ physician-assisted-suicide-fast-facts/index.html.
Salsberry, P. J. (1999, January 1). Caring, virtue theory, and a foundation for nursing ethics. Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice, 6(2), 155-160.
Williams, Z. (2012, October 25). Early puberty: why are kids growing up faster? The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2012/oct/25/early-puberty-growing-up-faster .
Study Document
Exploring The Issue In Evaluating Adult Learning
… them are not being educated as adults. There is a significant difference in the way an adult approaches education and the way a child approaches education (Forrest & Peterson, 2006). Adult learning is an important concept because it focuses on realizing that adults are not child and so they should not be taught the same way. This is a crucial concept for teachers to understand so that they can … draw upon to facilitate the learning process, and are generally active learners. This means that adult learners learn in much different ways from child, who often require guidance and a lot of direction. Adults on the other hand are there to learn something that they do not … there to learn something that they do not know about and want to know more about. They know the reason they are there. child typically do not know why they are……
References
References
Fenwick, T. J., & Parsons, J. (2009). The art of evaluation: A resource for educators and trainers. Thompson Educational Publishing.
Forrest III, S. P., & Peterson, T. O. (2006). It\\\\\\'s called andragogy. Academy of management learning & education, 5(1), 113-122.
Hase, S., & Kenyon, C. (2000). From andragogy to heutagogy. Ulti-BASE In-Site.
Howatt, W. A. (1999). Journaling to self-evaluation: A tool for adult learners. International Journal of Reality Therapy, 8(2), 32-34.
Knowles, M. (1984). Andragogy in action. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Moss, D., & Van Duzer, C. (1998). Project-Based Learning for Adult English Language Learners. ERIC Digest.
Study Document
Including Deaf And Hard Of Hearing Students In The General Education
… cinematic experience for viewers unfamiliar with what life is like for the deaf community. Todd Haynes’ 2017 film Wonderstruck focused on a deaf child and a hard of hearing child. In 2020, the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) plans to release The Eternals, which features the first deaf superhero in the MCU. As deafness … In the 19th century, Alexander Graham Bell, who had a hard of hearing mother, started the Volta Bureau School for teaching hearing impaired child.
At the end of the 19th century, the first hearing aids were developed. A century later, the very first cochlear implants were being … A century later, the very first cochlear implants were being tested. The cochlear implant, also known as the Bionic Ear, was pioneered in development by Professor Graeme Clark in Australia (1960s) and first successfully used in 1978 (Hill, 2019). This technology can help deaf people to hear……
References
References
Arizona Office for Americans with Disabilities. (2007). Retrieved from https://know-the-ada.com/t4/history-deafness.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hearingloss/language.html
Curhan, G., & Curhan, S. (2016). Epidemiology of hearing impairment. In Hearing Aids (pp. 21-58). Springer, Cham.
Gallaudet University. (2019). Retrieved from https://www3.gallaudet.edu/clerc-center/info-to-go/national-resources-and-directories/schools-and-programs.html
Hill, M. (2019). Embryology Sensory - Hearing Abnormalities. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Sensory_-_Hearing_Abnormalities
Hyde, M., Nikolaraizi, M., Powell, D., & Stinson, M. (2016). Critical factors toward the Inclusion of deaf and hard-of-hearing students in higher education. Diversity in deaf education, 441-472.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. (2006). Retrieved from https://sites.ed.gov/idea/
Padden, C. A. & Humphries, T. (2005). Inside Deaf Culture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Study Document
Gender Contact Comfort And Sex
… cloth monkey and then felt secure enough to go explore the room like a curious little monkey.
The differences individual attachment matter because child need reinforcement, comfort and security to be able to feel that they can explore on their own (Shriner & Shriner, 2014). The contact … The contact comfort gives them a sense of personal security. The influences that family or lack thereof and environment can have on the development of infants is that they can impact temperament and attachment issues. child are likely to develop a strong bond of affection with the person who shows them the most care, attention and affection. Simply holding … likely to develop a strong bond of affection with the person who shows them the most care, attention and affection. Simply holding a child is enough to calm a child and give the child security to feel comfortable. child on their……
References
References
Harlow’s Studies on Dependency in Monkeys. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OrNBEhzjg8I&feature=youtu.be
Intelecom. (2001). Factors that influence sexual orientation. Links to an external site. [Video file]. Retrieved from http://searchcenter.intelecomonline.net/playClipDirect.aspxid=4870EEC7664070BB7CF1C3E10B7F5E7133C2095F3F7F9C9E49B8D491E45F97FD34EA67949137B6D4F446ECA42BF2A60E
Levy, K. N., Ellison, W. D., Scott, L. N., & Bernecker, S. L. (2011). Attachment style. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67(2), 193-201.
Shriner, B and Shriner, M. (2014). Essentials of Lifespan Development: A Topical Perspective. Bridgepoint Education: San Diego, CA.
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