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...Agriculture Every five years, the congress introduces and revises the farm bill which aims to facilitate the farmers of America. The Bill or the Agricultural Act of 2018 has been introduced to provided subsidies to farmers and improve their conditions. It has allocated $867 billion for this policy to incentivize the farmers (Aid, 2018).
This Farm Bill of 2018 is of immense benefit to the public and catered to so many areas of farmers. The 2014 Farm bill which issued Farm Ranch and Assistance Network wasn't funded in the time of 2014 so in 2018, it was promoted and adjusted for a few changes. It deals with the mental health and stress of the farmers (Aid, 2018). It is a good initiative to be funded since it deals with the long term sustainment of the farmers’ health, improving the performance of the farmers. There are also farmers' protection programs where they……
References
Aid, F. (2018, December). What’s in the 2018 Farm Bill? The Good, The Bad and The Offal…. Farm Aid. Retrieved from https://www.farmaid.org/issues/farm-policy/whats-in-the-2018-farm-bill-the-good-the-bad-and-the-offal/
Amadeo, K. (2019, November 24). Current US Federal Budget Deficit. The Balance.
Coalition, N. S. (2019). WHAT IS THE FARM BILL? National Sustainable Agricultural Coalition. Retrieved from https://sustainableagriculture.net/our-work/campaigns/fbcampaign/what-is-the-farm-bill/
Queck-Matzie, T. (2018, December 12). GRASSLEY SEES FARM BILL PROS AND CONS. Successful Farming. Retrieved from https://www.agriculture.com/news/business/grassley-sees-farm-bill-pros-and-cons
Us, I. U. (2019, November 12). Breaking down the US Federal Budget for the Fiscal Year 2019. It\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Up To Us.
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… and the subsequent distribution to two pilot states, i.e. Florida and California took place upon its receipt at the United States Department of Agriculture. At the time, Saunder was the U.S. Agriculture Department’s gardens superintendent. In the words of Ramsey and Markell (1920), some of the Washington Navel orange cuttings “were transplanted to Riverside, California ……
References
Boule, D. (2017). A Brief History of the Navel Orange in California – From the Sacramento Bee. Retrieved from http://www.merlofarminggroup.com/brief-history-navel-orange-california-%E2%80%93-sacramento-bee
Considine, D.M. & Considine, G.D. (2012). Foods and Food Production Encyclopedia. New York, NY: VNR.
El-Boray, M.S., Mostafa, M., Salem, E. & Sawwah, O. (2015). Improving Yield and Fruit Quality of Washington Navel Orange Using Foliar Applications of Some Natural Biostimulants. J. Plant Production, 6(8), 1317-1332.
Ferguson, L. & Grafton-Cardwell, E.E. (2014). Citrus Production Manual. Richmond, CA: UCANR Publications.
Geiger, P. & Dunkan, S. (2007). Farmers\\\\\\' Almanac. Mason, OH: Almanac Publishing Company.
Ramsey, H.J. & Markell, E.L. (1920). The Handling and Precooling of Florida Lettuce and Celery. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
Susser, A. (1997). The Great Citrus Book. New York, NY: Ten Speed Press.
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… omitted key support and relief needed by American farmers. Congressional Republicans supported the Administration’s effort to ensure farmers continue obtaining payments by providing agriculture funding. In this case, they sought to provide such funding at a time…[break]…on some of the issues Congressional leaders face in their policymaking … weeks away. Therefore, politics plays a major role in decisions and positions taken by lawmakers when making policies. While Congressional Republicans support the agriculture funding on the premise that it would provide necessary support and relief to American farmers, the potential political benefits from this funding also ……
Reference
Cochrane, E. (2020, September 21). Democrats and Republicans Clash Over Spending Bill to Avoid Shutdown. The New York Times. Retrieved October 7, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/21/us/politics/spending-bill-government-shutdown.html
Study Document
… Rico.
Conclusion
When Hurricane Maria struck Puerto Rico in 2017 it essentially destroyed the island’s ability to function in any structural way. Homes, agriculture, power, roads, water—all of it was gone and there was really no plan in place that would help the people to start climbing ……
References
Acevedo, N. (2018). Puerto Rico lacked disaster planning, communications strategy, hurricane study found. Retrieved from https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/puerto-rico-crisis/puerto-rico-lacked-disaster-planning-communications-strategy-hurricane-study-found-n904866
Achenbach, J. & Hernandez, A. (2017). FEMA administrator: Puerto Rico’s politics, lack of unity, hindering hurricane response. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/fema-administrator-puerto-ricos-politics-lack-of-unity-hindering-hurricane-response/2017/10/09/f1711996-ad10-11e7-9e58-e6288544af98_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.eef2e6bc0e3e
Amnesty International. (2018). Puerto Rico a year after Hurricane Maria. Retrieved from https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/research/2018/09/puerto-rico-a-year-after-hurricane-maria/
Bomey, N. (2017). Hurricane Maria halts crucial drug manufacturing in Puerto Rico, may spur shortages. Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2017/09/22/hurricane-maria-pharmaceutical-industry-puerto-rico/692752001/
CDC. (2019). PHEP. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/cpr/epf/docs/PuertoRico.pdf de Arzola, O. R. (2018). Emergency Preparedness and Hurricane Maria: The Experience of a Regional Academic Medical Center in Southwest Puerto Rico. Journal of Graduate Medical Education,10(4), 477-480. Florido, A. (2018). Government Lawyer Says Puerto Rico's Hurricane Response Plan 'Does Not Exist'. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2018/10/30/662345336/government-lawyer-says-puerto-ricos-hurricane-response-plan-does-not-exist
McMahon, C. (2018). Double down on the Jones Act? Journal of Maritime Law & Commerce, 49(2), 153-195.
Samaan, J. L., & Verneuil, L. (2009). Civil–Military Relations in Hurricane Katrina: a case study on crisis management in natural disaster response. Humanitarian Assistance: Improving US-European Cooperation, Center for Transatlantic Relations/Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD/Global Public Policy Institute, Berlin, 413-432.
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...Agriculture Literature Review on Coping Through The Use Of Informal Institutions during COVID 19 in South Africa, Nigeria, and Swaziland
The institutional theory deals with the outlines, regulations, standards, and procedures that are formulated in the institutions as commanding instructions for social behavior. This theory gives an understanding of how institutions are shaped, and the societal norms and frameworks are informed to all people of an organization. Communication is the sole indicator of how organizations are formulated with the help of formal rules and regulations, as that would reflect how they are conversed across all levels of the firm and in what way people are obeying them. This would ultimately build an organizational culture for coping with social and political issues. The informal institutions are socially shared instructions, typically unwritten, that are formed, transferred and imposed outside the official boundaries (Torniainen & Sasstamoinen, 2007), for example, giving tips to the food……
References
Coelho, A. (2019). The role of informal institutions in the enforcement of rules and how to improve corporate and public governance in Brazil: Studies based on a set of corporate governance cases involving state-owned companies (Working Paper). Retrieved from SSRN website https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3434037
Dacin, M.T., Goodstein, J. & Scott, W.R. (2002). Institutional theory and institutional change: Introduction to the special research forum. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), 45- 47. DOI: 10.2307/3069284
Escandon-Barbosa, D.M., Urbano, D., Hurtado-Ayala, A., Paramo, J.S. & Dominguez, A.Z. (2019). Formal institutions, informal institutions, and entrepreneurial activity: A comparative relationship between rural and urban areas in Colombia. Journal of Urban Management, 8(3), 458-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2019.06.002
Estrin, S. & Prevezer, M. (2010). The role of informal institutions in corporate governance: Brazil, Russia, India, and China compared. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 28, 41- 67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-010-9229-1
Kaufmann, W., Hooghiemstra, R. & Feeney, M.K. (2018). Formal institutions, informal institutions, and red tape: A comparative study. Public Administration, 96(2), 386-403. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12397
Meluch, A.L. (2016, August). Understanding the organizational and institutional origins of social support in a cancer support center. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=kent1466944822&disposition=inline
Torniainen, T.J. & Sasstamoinen, O.J. (2007). Formal and informal institutions and their hierarchy in the regulation of the forest lease in Russia. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, 80(5), 489-501. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpm033
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… soldiers. Children are used in some severe forms of child labor and are exposed to hazardous conditions such as chemicals and pesticides in agriculture, mines machinery, and pollution. Moreover, ten of thousands of children are associated with armed terror groups and exposed to acute levels of violence ……
References
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...Agriculture Reciprocity Treaty (1854)
Introduction
The 1854 Reciprocity Treaty is one of the most famous economic treaties in Canadian history. The Reciprocity Treaty was a trade treaty that was signed between the economy of the United States and what was then known as the Province of Canada (Quebec and Ontario) and other smaller provinces of the then British North America. The treaty was a forerunner of the Canada-United States trade agreement of 1989. It was primarily intended to facilitate free trade in primary products such as coal, fish, timber, barley, oats, and wheat. The parties signed it on 5th June 1854, and it went into effect as soon as it was ratified by the lawmaking bodies of the parties to the treaty. The legislatures in the Canadian provinces approved it before the end of 1854, while the United States approved it in 1855 (Haynes, 1892, p. 18; Hinton, 2013). This work looks……
References
Ankli, R. E. (1971). The reciprocity treaty of 1854. The Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d\\\\\\\\\\\\'Economique, 4(1), 1-20.
Gerriets, M., & Gwyn, J. (1996). Tariffs, trade, and reciprocity: Nova Scotia, 1830-1866. Acadiensis, 25(2), 62-81.
Haynes, F. E. (1892). The Reciprocity treaty with Canada of 1854 (Vol. 7, No. 6). Baltimore, Md.: American Economic Association.
Hinton, M. (2013). Canadian economic growth and the reciprocity treaty of 1854. Working Papers 13038, Economic History Society.
Masters, D. C. (1963). The reciprocity treaty of 1854: its history, its relation to British colonial and foreign policy, and to the development of Canadian fiscal autonomy (Vol. 9). McGill-Queen\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Press-MQUP.
Officer, L. H., & Smith, L. B. (1968). The Canadian-American reciprocity treaty of 1855 to 1866. Journal of Economic History, 598-623.
Porritt, E. (1908). Sixty Years of Protection in Canada, 1846-1907: Where Industry Leans on the Politician. London: Macmillan.
Saunders, S. A. (1934). The Maritime Provinces and the Reciprocity Treaty. The Dalhousie Review.
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… Europe is at an end. But this is far from the case, given “there are disputes about the financing of structural funds and agriculture, the mobility of workers, environmental standards, and food quality” which are also characteristic of the North-South European divide coupled with severe concerns about ……
References
Belin, C. & Reinert, T. (2019). The eclipse of the European Union’s global influence. The Brookings Institute. Retrieved from: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/04/08/the-eclipse-of-the - european-unions-global-influence/
Lehne, S. (2019). Europe’s East-West divide: Myth or reality? Carnegie Europe. Retrieved from: https://carnegieeurope.eu/2019/04/11/europe-s-east-west-divide-myth-or-reality-pub-78847
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… one of the biggest contributors to greenhouse gases is cows and the methane they release (Lemonick, 2017), humans are still responsible for the agriculture and farming industries. Still, most science media puts the blame on fossil fuels—the carbon dioxide coming out of internal combustion engine cars and ……
References
Kenton, W. (2020). Carbon credit. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/carbon_credit.asp
Lemonick, S. (2017). Scientists underestimated how bad cow farts are. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/samlemonick/2017/09/29/scientists-underestimated-how-bad-cow-farts-are/#4fa3eae678a9
Mish, M. (2019). Global warming fraud exposed in pictures. Retrieved from https://moneymaven.io/mishtalk/economics/global-warming-fraud-exposed-in-pictures-bA-1mNrK0kiarserpfa9iA
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Introduction
The growth of big data has had significant transformative effects on several industries including technology, agriculture, health, education, and finance. Over the past decade, the number of humans using smartphones has increased tremendously and this has created a big ……
References
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Jin, X., Wah, B. W., Cheng, X., & Wang, Y. (2015). Significance and challenges of big data research. Big Data Research, 2(2), 59-64.
Joshi, N. (2018). How Big Data Can Transform the Finance Industry. Retrieved October 7, 2019, from https://www.bbntimes.com/en/technology/big-data-is-transforming-the-finance-industry .
Nath, T. I. (2019). How Big Data Has Changed Finance. Retrieved October 7, 2019, from https://www.investopedia.com/articles/active-trading/040915/how-big-data-has-changed-finance.asp .
Turner, D., Schroeck, M., & Shockley, R. (2013). Analytics: The real-world use of big data in financial services. IBM Global Business Services, 27.
Yin, S., & Kaynak, O. (2015). Big data for modern industry: challenges and trends [point of view]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 103(2), 143-146.
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