(Council of Europe, 2001 This report relates that in the "Implementation of the Provisions of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities: Part II, Section I and Article 3 it is stated: (1) Every person belonging to national minorities shall have the right freely to choose to be treated as such and no disadvantage shall result from this choice or from the exercise of the rights, which are connected to that choice; and (2) the persons belonging to national minorities may exercise the rights and enjoy the freedoms flowing from the principles enshrined in the present framework Convention individually as well as in community with others. (Council of Europe, 2001) Additionally reported is that Albanians "have historically claimed distinction for understanding and tolerance towards national minority members, a fact which has determined the exemplary coexistence between them and religious communities." (Council of Europe, 2001) Toward this end, Albania is focusing on two fundamental policy directions: (1) Protection and respect of the human rights and freedoms and the development of the special identity of the minorities, and (2) Their complete integration in the Albanian society. (Council of Europe, 2001)
III. EDUCATION ISSUES for MINORITIES
It is related in one report that the educational infrastructure in its entirety "was severely affected during the period of unrest" in Albania however the government is presently in the process of planning "new programs and texts for minority education, and teacher training for minority education classes." (European Commission Against Racism and Intolerance, 1999) Four new schools are now in operation for the minority population although there is a shortage of teachers who are qualified to teach at the minority schools.
IV. RACIAL & RELIGIOUS INEQUALITIES
It is reported that minorities are particularly vulnerable to "excessive use of force and ill-treatment by law enforcement officials..." And additionally reported is "discrimination in employment in the public sector..." By members of the Greek minority. The group most vulnerable to "marginalization and discrimination and particularly to human rights abuses" is the Roma/Gypsy community in Albania. (European Commission Against Racism and Intolerance, 1999) the three primary religions in Albania are Muslim, Orthodox and Catholic as the majority of Jewish individuals have left Albania. The ECRI states that areas needing attention include: (1) the lack of fully-developed legal framework combating racism and racial discrimination; (2) the precarious situation of the Roma/Gypsy community and the need to counter discrimination, including police discrimination; and (3) the need to procure reliable information concerning the situation of minority groups in Albania. (Economic Council, 2001)
SUMMARY & CONCLUSION
It is clear that Albania has made great effort both historically and traditionally in preserving the rights of minority populations however, the migration that Albania has experienced with the inward and outward flux of individuals leaving the country, and then returning only to leave again has created new and difficult challenges in relation to minority populations in the country. However, the government of Albania is well aware of these needs and having acknowledged these needs has developed plans in addressing the challenges that minorities in Albania face.
Bibliography
Implementation of the Provisions of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities: Part II, Section I and Article 3 (2001) Council of Europe. 26 Jul 2001. http://www.humanrights.coe.int/Minorities/Eng/FrameworkConvention/StateReports/2001/albania/Albania.htm. Onlineavailable at:
Report on Albania: ECRI's country-by-country Approach (1999) European Commission Against Racism and Intolerance. Strasbourg 9 Nov 1999. Council of Europe. Online available at http://www.coe.int/t/e/human_rights/ecri/5-Archives/1-ECRI's_work/1-Country_by_country/CBC1-Albania.pdf
Vullnetari, Julie (2007) Albanian Migration and Development: State of the…
Sample Source(s) Used
Bibliography
Implementation of the Provisions of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities: Part II, Section I and Article 3 (2001) Council of Europe. 26 Jul 2001. http://www.humanrights.coe.int/Minorities/Eng/FrameworkConvention/StateReports/2001/albania/Albania.htm. Onlineavailable at:
Report on Albania: ECRI's country-by-country Approach (1999) European Commission Against Racism and Intolerance. Strasbourg 9 Nov 1999. Council of Europe. Online available at http://www.coe.int/t/e/human_rights/ecri/5-Archives/1-ECRI's_work/1-Country_by_country/CBC1-Albania.pdf
Vullnetari, Julie (2007) Albanian Migration and Development: State of the Art Review. IMISCOE Working Paper 18. September 2007. Online available at http://www.imiscoe.org/publications/workingpapers/documents/Albanianmigration.pdf
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