Virtue Ethics Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Intelligence Oversight Ethics
…
This literature review first looks at the history if intelligence oversight (IO) and then explains the current problem it faces in terms of ethics and the arrival of the Digital Age, which has complicated the matter. It next synthesizes the literature on what the various ethical theories … what the various ethical theories are and how this further complicates the issue of IO. Finally, it discusses research on the fundamentals of ethics and gives recommendations for future research.
History of IO
The history of IO begins with the purpose for which it was established, which … intelligence functions most effectively (Ford 2006, 721). The question that has always been at the forefront of IO, however, is the question of ethics. As Goldman (2013) notes, as far back as 1929 this question of ethics and its role in intelligence gathering was addressed by Secretary of State Stimson, who made his……
References
References
Bailey, Christopher and Susan M. Galich. “Codes of Ethics: The Intelligence Community.” International Journal of Intelligence Ethics 35.2 (2012), 77-99.
Brown, William F., and Americo R. Cinquegrana. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Warrantless Physical Searches for Foreign Intelligence Purposes: Executive Order 12,333 and the Fourth Amendment.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Cath. UL Rev. 35 (1985): 97.
Cantarella, Michele. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Intelligence ethics in the digital age.\\\\\\\\\\\\" (2016).
Congressional Research Service, “CIA Ethics Education: Background and Perspectives” (2018).
Ferrari, Rachel. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Moral Relativism and Dangerous Ethical Dilemmas in the US Intelligence Community.\\\\\\\\\\\\" (2018).
Ford, Christopher M. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Intelligence Demands in a Democratic State: Congressional Intelligence Oversight.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Tul. L. Rev. 81 (2006): 721.
Goldman, Jan. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Teaching About Intelligjence and Ethics.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Journal of US Intelligence Studies 20, no. 2 (2013): 79.
Hayes, Jonathan. \\\\\\\\\\\\"The Cinema of Oliver Stone: Art, Authorship and Activism by Ian
Study Document
Code Of Ethics For Managers In Acquisition
… a devastating impact on economies, and on the effectiveness of government. For that reason, it is best practice to have a code of ethics for managers who are involved in acquisitions, purchasing and contracts. Ethical lapses contribute to a wide array of issues, including waste, a decline … or economy.
Combatting corruption is a complex task, but one of the elements of this task is to develop an effective code of ethics to govern acquisitions. Managers who are involved in acquisitions would then need to adhere to this code of ethics, and their performance could be weighed against it. Yet, there is little research that has been conducted to define the elements of an … could be weighed against it. Yet, there is little research that has been conducted to define the elements of an effective code of ethics for managers in acquisition. This research paper will examine this……
References
References
Adelstein, J. & Clegg, S. (2016) Code of ethics: A stratified vehicle for compliance. Journal of Business Ethics. Vol. 138 (1) 53-66.
Lazeros, M. (2008) Leaders can learn from Druyun’s ethical lapses and their consequences. USAWC Research Project. Retrieved October 25, 2019 from https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a479019.pdf
McConnnell, A. & Rood, T. (1997) Ethics in government: A survey of misuse of position for personal gain and its implications for developing acquisition strategy. Journal of Business Ethics. Vol. 16 (1997) 1107-1116.
McConnell, T. (2018). Moral dilemmas. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Retrieved October 25, 2019 from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-dilemmas/
Neu, D., Everett, J. & Rahaman, A. (2015) Preventing corruption within government procurement: Constructing the disciplined and ethical subject. Critical Perspectives on Accounting. Vol. 28 (2015) 49-61.
Study Document
C Suite Executive Leadership And Ethics
… and humility.
The subject of this interview holds ethical beliefs that align with universal principles, while veering more towards the philosophy of character ethics. As Crossan, Mazutis & Seijts (2013) point out, character ethics or virtue ethics can prove to be a more sensible model or framework for guiding the decisions made by leaders. Unlike deontological or utilitarian ethical frameworks, … can prove to be a more sensible model or framework for guiding the decisions made by leaders. Unlike deontological or utilitarian ethical frameworks, virtue and character ethics demand self-reflection, the willingness to change, and the ability to act based on intrinsic motivation to do the right thing. At the same … ethical code that outlines behavioral guidelines and the ramifications of transgressions. For example, Schwartz (2013) found that formal elements such as “code of ethics, ethics training, an ethics hotline, and an ethics officer” prove far more effective……
References
References
Bailey, C. & Shantz, A. (2018). Creating an ethically strong organization. MIT Sloan Management Review. http://ilp.mit.edu/media/news_articles/smr/2018/60101.pdf
Crossan, M., Mazutis, D. & Seijts, G. (2013). In search of virtue. Journal of Business Ethics 113(4): 567-581.
Hatcher, T. (2008). The value of values in the C-suite. In Sims, R.R. & Quatro, S.A. (Eds.) Executive Ethics. Charlotte: IAP, pp. 97-122.
Hoekstra, E., Bell, A. & Peterson, S.R. (2008). Humility in Leadership: Abandoning the Pursuit of Unattainable Perfection. In S.A. Quatro & R. R. Sims (Eds.), Executive Ethics: Ethical Dilemmas and Challenges for the C-Suite. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing, pp. 79-96.
MacDougall, A.E., Bagdarasov, Z. & Buckley, M.R. (2008). Applying a primary risk management model to the C-suite. In Sims, R.R. & Quatro, S.A. (Eds.) Executive Ethics. Second Edition. Charlotte: IAP, pp. 211-234.
Martin, R. (2011). The CEO\\\\'s ethical dilemma in the era of earnings management. Strategy & Leadership 39(6): 43-47.
Schwartz, M.S. (2013). Developing and sustaining an ethical corporate culture: The core elements. Business Horizons 56(1): 39-50.
Study Document
Trolley Problems And Self Driving Cars
… to machine learning—but they forget that long before there were the deontological and utilitarian ethical frameworks there existed the classical ethical theory of virtue ethics, i.e., character ethics. It is the argument of this paper that character ethics is the best approach to solving moral dilemmas for humans. Leaving morality up to machines is a bad way for anyone to have … is a dangerous reality that is already happening in today’s world. As Himmelreich points out, the trolley problem pales in comparison to the ethics of autonomous driving. Essentially, the self-driving care is a deadly object hurtling forward through space and time, whose resistance depends upon the strength … up the use of their free will and make themselves into slaves, whether of passions, of other men or of machines. From a virtue ethics standpoint, men should be reluctant to give up their own autonomy to a robot—yet……
References
Works Cited
Carter, Stacy M. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Overdiagnosis, ethics, and trolley problems: why factors other than outcomes matter—an essay by Stacy Carter.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Bmj 358 (2017): j3872.
Ewing, J. “German Court Says Tesla Self-Driving Claims Are Misleading.” New York Times, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/14/business/tesla-autopilot-germany.html
Himmelreich, Johannes. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Never mind the trolley: The ethics of autonomous vehicles in mundane situations.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 21.3 (2018): 669-684.
Marshall, Aarian. “What Can the Trolley Problem Teach Self-Driving Car Engineers?” Wired, 2010. https://www.wired.com/story/trolley-problem-teach-self-driving-car-engineers/
Nyholm, Sven. \\\\\\\\\\\\"The ethics of crashes with self?driving cars: A roadmap, I.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Philosophy Compass 13.7 (2018): e12507.
Nyholm, Sven, and Jilles Smids. \\\\\\\\\\\\"The ethics of accident-algorithms for self-driving cars: An applied trolley problem?.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Ethical theory and moral practice 19.5 (2016): 1275-1289.
Pojman, L. and J. Fieser. Ethics: Discovering Right and Wrong. Cengage, 2012.
Snow, Nancy E. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Neo-Aristotelian Virtue Ethics.\\\\\\\\\\\\" The Oxford Handbook of Virtue. Oxford University Press, 2018. 321.
Study Document
Counterintelligence Issues Within The United States
… 21st century. Therefore, the themes this review will examine are: 1) the problematic nature of deception in intelligence work; 2) the role of ethics in counterintelligence; 3) a framework for analyzing the past; and 4) the need for clarity and collaboration in counterintelligence efforts among the various … put forward by Adam Smith in Wealth of Nations. Both Western and Eastern cultures developed the first and most fundamental ethical framework in virtue ethics, with Aristotle summarizing the framework in ancient Greece and Confucius summarizing the framework in ancient China thousands of years ago (Hursthouse 2016). Cohen’s … least approaches the issue of moral limits to deception from a practical, universal, political and diplomatic position that has utilitarian, deontological and even virtue ethics elements to it. The opposite position of Cohen (2016) can only be accepted from an ethical egoism point of view, and ethical egoism … in which power……
References
Bibliography
2020-2022 National Counterintelligence Strategy of the United States. 2020. Washington, DC: National Counterintelligence and Security Center
Bailey, Christopher and Susan M. Galich. 2012. “Codes of Ethics: The Intelligence Community.” International Journal of Intelligence Ethics 35 (2): 77-99.
Bernardi, Beatrice. 2013. "The Role of Intelligence in the Fight Against International Terrorism: Legal Profiles." Bachelor's thesis, Università Ca'Foscari Venezia.
Carson, Thomas L. 2010. Lying and Deception: Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press.
Cohen, Shlomo. 2016. "Are There Moral Limits to Military Deception?." Philosophia 44 (4): 1305-1318.
Coyne, John, Peter Bell, and Shannon Merrington. 2013. "Exploring ethics in intelligence and the role of leadership." Interntional Journal of Business and Commerce 2 (10): 27-37.
Erskine, Toni. 2004. "'As Rays of Light to the Human Soul'? Moral Agents and Intelligence Gathering." Intelligence & National Security 19 (2): 359-381.
Godson, Roy, and James J. Wirtz. 2000. "Strategic denial and deception." International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 13 (4): 424-437.
Study Document
Moral Choices Aristotle And Mill
Moral Choices
In essence, Aristotle has largely been associated with virtue ethics. To a large extent, this is a character-based approach founded on the assumption that it is through practice that we acquire virtue (Mizzoni, 2009). It therefore follows that one could further reinforce a character that is moral and honorable by, for instance, practicing generosity, justice, … is, according to Boone (2017), is essentially a utilitarian perspective. To a large extent, Mill’s ethical view has a broader perspective. Unlike Aristotle’s ethics, it neither relies upon principles that are rather abstract, not intuitions that are vague. It is clear-cut. This is to say that it … outcome of a certain outcomes may not be clear from the onset. On the other hand, it is important to note that Aristotle virtue ethics approach comes in handy in the promotion of virtuous human characteristics. Thus, no theoretical perspective is imposed upon a……
References
References
Boone, B. (2017). Ethics 101: From Altruism and Utilitarianism to Bioethics and Political Ethics, an Exploration of the Concepts of Right and Wrong. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.
Mizzoni, J. (2009). Ethics: The Basics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Study Document
Ethical Issues In Criminal Justice
Epistemology and Duty ethics in Criminal Justice
Ethical Issues
1 ethics in Law Enforcement Agencies
As Roufa (2019) notes, ethics in law enforcement are essential to prevent behaviors from going unchecked and bad reputations from being developed. ethics in law enforcement agencies can provide guidelines, identify values that should be promoted, and dictate what sort of actions, behaviors and attitudes law … the US. It also contains terms regarding how officers should conduct themselves: soberly, honorably and honestly.
Law enforcement agencies tend to codify the ethics they want their officers to follower. The reason for this is that they want their officers to engage in ethical decision making, which … can have an unconscious or implicit bias and this can affect their decision making (Hehman, Flake & Calanchini, 2018). Having a code of ethics in place helps officers to remember to base their decisions on the ethical code’s guidance. That……
References
References
Cahn, S. & Markie, P. (2011). Ethics: History, Theory and Contemporary Issues, 5th Edition. UK: Oxford University Press.
Hehman, E., Flake, J. K., & Calanchini, J. (2018). Disproportionate use of lethal force in policing is associated with regional racial biases of residents. Social psychological and personality science, 9(4), 393-401.
Holmes, A. (2007). Ethics: Approaching moral decisions. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.
Roufa, T. (2019). Ethics in law enforcement. Retrieved from https://www.thebalancecareers.com/ethics-in-law-enforcement-and-policing-974542
Study Document
Right Of Informed Refusal For Minors
… vast majority of adults in the United States believe that children need and deserve special protections that preclude end-of-life decisions. Drawing on a virtue theoretical framework, the purpose of this paper is to examine the arguments in support of and against allow minors to make end-of-life decisions … behalf of minors. As noted above, though, a case-by-case assessment will facilitate this determination, and clinicians will be guided by the tenets of virtue theory in evaluating the circumstances to arrive at a decision concerning what is truly in minors’ best interests.
This “best interests” objective on … in minors’ best interests.
This “best interests” objective on the part of health care providers is also congruent with the tenets of a virtue theoretical framework which maintains that “virtue within this framework are those character traits that are consistent with caring and are assistive in the fulfillment of these aims” (Salberry, 1999,……
References
References
Black’s law dictionary. (1990). St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Company.
Bryden, J. (2016, February 25). Medical help in dying should be widely available, with few restrictions: Report. The Canadian Press, 6.
Hursthouse, R. & Pettigrove, G. (2018, Winter). Virtue ethics. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2018/entries/ethics-virtue .
Katz, A. L. & Webb, S. A. (2016, August). Informed consent in decision-making in pediatric practice. Pediatrics, 138(2), 30-37.
Lemmens, C. (2009, September). End- of- life decisions and minors: do minors have the right to refuse life preserving medical treatment? A comparative study. Medical Law Review, 28(3), 479-497.
Physician-assisted suicide. (2019). CNN. Retrieved from https://www.cnn.com/2014/11/26/us/ physician-assisted-suicide-fast-facts/index.html.
Salsberry, P. J. (1999, January 1). Caring, virtue theory, and a foundation for nursing ethics. Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice, 6(2), 155-160.
Williams, Z. (2012, October 25). Early puberty: why are kids growing up faster? The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2012/oct/25/early-puberty-growing-up-faster .
Study Document
The Moral And Ethical Implications Emerging Due To Globalization
...Virtue ethics Globalization and Its Ethical Implications
The dynamic force of globalization, a phenomenon of interconnectedness and integration of economies around the world, has resulted not only to increasing opportunities for trade diversification but presents inherent risk such as global financial instability, increased inequalities, terrorism. In an increasingly interdependent world, increasing world population, scientific and technology innovation advancement, global human development issues, global governance, peace and security, global environment and natural resources are emerging global issues of interest to both national and international governments and critical for maintaining global stability (Bhargava, 2007).
Forces of globalization have contributed to multilateral trade liberalization, which has an economic value such as increasing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), greater economies of scale and scope and knowledge, and technology spillovers (Bhargava, 2007). It's enabled the development of competitive and comparative advantage in manufacturing by developing countries. The expansion of economic activities across the globe has put pressure on……
References
References
Ahmad, A. (2013) \\\\\\'A Global Ethics for a Globalized World,\\\\\\' Policy Perspectives, 10(1), pp. 63–77. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/42909298.
Bereiter, C. and Scardamalia, M. (2020) \\\\\\'What will it mean to be\\\\\\" educated\\\\\\" in 2020\\\\\\', The Gordon Commission on the Future of Assessment in Education.
Buller, P. F., Kohls, J. J. and Anderson, K. S. (1991) \\\\\\'The challenge of global ethics,\\\\\\' Journal of Business Ethics, 10(10), pp. 767–775. DOI: 10.1007/BF00705711.
Gampel, E. H. (2010) \\\\\\'A framework for reasoning about ethical issues\\\\\\', pp. 1–18. Available at: http://www.academia.edu/4323854/A_Framework_for_Reasoning_about_Ethical_Issues .
Gong, Q. and Zhang, L. (2010) \\\\\\'Virtue ethics and modern society—A response to the thesis of the modern predicament of virtue ethics _ SpringerLink,\\\\\\' Frontiers of Philosophy in China, 5(2), pp. 255–265.
Newton, L. (2008) \\\\\\'Hale Chair in Applied Ethics Resources - Manuals.\\\\\\' Available at: http://www.rit.edu/cla/ethics/resources/manuals/dgae1p1.html .
The Blogxer (2012) \\\\\\'Responsibilities of an educated person,\\\\\\' The Third Eye. Available at: http://enlighten-me-not.blogspot.co.ke/2012/03/responsibilities-of-educated-person.html .
Study Document
Moral Reasoning Human Trafficking
… issue of human trafficking, there are different ways in which the morality of trafficking can be evaluated. This paper will apply deontological, utilitarian, virtue ethics and ethical egoism frameworks to compare and contrast moral approaches to human trafficking and show why trafficking is not a black and white … are addressing a moral evil that exists in the world—when in reality the governments are merely deflecting attention from their own crimes and virtue signaling to the populace. For instance, De Shalit et al. (2014) argue that the debate surrounding sex trafficking is corrupted by political influence … provides the most appropriate ethical perspective on this issue for explaining all the various approaches that stakeholders take to it.
Conclusion
Though the virtue ethics framework is commonly promoted in the West as being the framework for moral action, the reality of today’s world is that ethical egoism ……
References
References
Beatson, J., & Hanley, J. (2017). The intersection of exploitation and coercion in cases of Canadian labour trafficking. Journal of law and social policy, 26, 137.
Brock, D., & Teixeira, R. (2014). Beyond exploitation and trafficking: Canadian critical perspectives on sex work. Labour: Journal of Canadian Labour Studies/Le Travail: revue d’Études Ouvrières Canadiennes, 74.
De Shalit, A., Heynen, R., & van der Meulen, E. (2014). Human trafficking and media myths: Federal funding, communication strategies, and Canadian anti-trafficking programs. Canadian Journal of Communication, 39(3).
Holmes, A. (2007). Ethics: Approaching moral decisions. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.
Lam, E., & Lepp, A. (2019). Butterfly: Resisting the harms of anti-trafficking policies and fostering peer-based organising in Canada. Anti-trafficking review, (12), 91-107.
UNODC. (2015). UNODC on human trafficking and migrant smuggling. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Retrieved from https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/
Improve your studying and writing skills
We have over 150,000+ study documents to help you.
Sign Up for FREE
