Theory Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Traditional Medicine Usage In African Nations
...Theory Overview of Africa’s Post-Conflict History
Historical Formal Institutions
Colonial legacies persist in Africa in spite of a post-colonial era (Austin, 2010). These legacies have continued in post-conflict Africa’s history. In Africa, there has been no real unifying factor bringing individuals together, primarily because of the communal aspect of society throughout the continent. Community exists and can be found everywhere in Africa. Structural, dramaturgic and institutional factors in formal institutionalization in Africa of health care has come about as a result of investment, development, and political stability (Ratcliffe, 2013). The relationship among cultural traditions, laws of society, and the symbolic boundaries have served to create the structural meanings behind formal institutions; the expressive dimension, communicative properties and interaction of these elements have made up the dramaturgic, and the actors and organizations themselves have manifested the institutional. An example of this can be seen in Nigeria.
Structurally, dramaturgically and institutionally, Africa has……
References
References
Afro-centric Alliance, A. (2001). Indigenisingorganizational change: Localisation in Tanzania and Malawi. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 16(1), 59-78.
Asiseh, F., Owusu, A., & Quaicoe, O. (2017). An analysis of family dynamics on high school adolescent risky behaviors in Ghana. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 26(5), 425-431.
Austin, G. (2010). African economic development and colonial legacies (Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 11-32). Institut de hautes études internationales et du développement.
Brager, G., Specht, H., Torczyner, J. L., &Torczyner, J. (1987). Community organizing. Columbia University Press.
Bratton, M., & Van de Walle, N. (1997). Democratic experiments in Africa: Regime transitions in comparative perspective. Cambridge university press.
Burnham, G. M., Pariyo, G., Galiwango, E., & Wabwire-Mangen, F. (2004). Discontinuation of cost sharing in Uganda. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 82, 187-195.
Dillard, C., Duncan, K. L., & Johnson, L. (2017). Black History Full Circle: Lessons from a Ghana Study Abroad in Education Program. Social Education, 81(1), 50-53.
Ehui, S. (2020). Protecting food security in Africa. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2020/05/14/protecting-food-security-in-africa-during-covid-19/
Study Document
Why Ageism Needs To Be Stopped In Society
… As Albom (2019) notes, “jabs at Joe Biden mask our growing ageism issue.” This paper will discuss the cultural factors regarding age, developmental theory models, relevant laws, other diversity issues, resources available for special services, and my own personal characteristics towards complementing age and concerns for my … retirement, an aging workforce is fast becoming a reality and creating increased need for cultural competency with respect to age (Lassila, 2019).
Developmental Theory Models
Erikson’s Psychosocial Developmental Theory explains how the various stages of one’s life play out in terms of the central conflict of each age. Thus, the first stage … own conflict to deal with as the person finds his or her place in the world. This perspective can be combined with labeling theory, which can add complexity to the perspective on age as it includes the biases and prejudices that people bring to their own internal … add……
References
References
Albom, M. (2019). Jabs at Joe Biden mask our growing ageism issue. Retrieved from https://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/sns-201909161301--tms--tuemitchctntm-a20190916-20190916-story.html
David, K. E. (2018). The Poster Child of the “Second” Cultural Revolution: Huang Shuai and Shifts in Age Consciousness, 1973–1979. Modern China, 44(5), 497-524.
Heggeness, M. L., Carter-Johnson, F., Schaffer, W. T., & Rockey, S. J. (2016). Policy implications of aging in the NIH-funded workforce. Cell Stem Cell, 19(1), 15-18.
Landeiro, F., Barrows, P., Musson, E. N., Gray, A. M., & Leal, J. (2017). Reducing social isolation and loneliness in older people: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open, 7(5), e013778.
Lassila, S. (2019). Managing Risks of an Aging Workforce. Construction Executive, 2020. Retrieved from https://constructionexec.com/article/managing-risks-of-an-aging-workforce
Liu, S. J., Lin, C. J., Chen, Y. M., & Huang, X. Y. (2007). The effects of reminiscence group therapy on self-esteem, depression, loneliness and life satisfaction of elderly people living alone. Mid-Taiwan Journal of Medicine, 12(3), 133-142.
Lumen. (2019). Theoretical perspectives on deviance. Retrieved from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sociology/chapter/theoretical-perspectives-on-deviance/
McLeod, S. (2018). Erik Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html
Study Document
Using Tactical Empathy And Effective Silence To Negotiate An Outcome
…
Dealing with Conflict
In any negotiation there will be conflict. Conflict is the result of individual parties wanting different or opposing things. Conflict theory can help to explain conflict especially in light of negotiation, as it is based on the idea of Marx and is predicated on … in a continuous struggle that comes about as a result of there only being a finite supply of resources. From this seed, conflict theory emerged in sociology in response to structural functionalism, which posits that society functions as a result of various groups and organizations working together … working together in a stable and functioning manner (Ritzer & Stepnisky, 2017). However, the stability is but one face of society, in conflict theory—the other face being one of conflict. There are those who conform and those who do not. There are those who accept integration even … acknowledge, understand, and communicate using……
References
References
Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2014). Do role models matter? An investigation of role modeling as an antecedent of perceived ethical leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(4), 587-598.
Combs, J. P., Harris, S., & Edmonson, S. (2015). Four Essential Practices for Building Trust. Educational Leadership, 72(7), 18-22.
Fisher, R. & Ury, W. (1991). Getting to Yes. NY: Penguin.
Lunenburg, F. C. (2012). Power and leadership: An influence process. International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration, 15(1), 1-9.
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370.
Ritzer, G. & Stepnisky, J. (2017). Modern sociological theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Singh-Sengupta, S. (1997). Leadership: A Style or an Influence Process. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 265-286.
Study Document
The Bell Jar Shows How Shock Therapy Makes Women Strong
… (and other cultural productions) reinforce or undermine the economic, political, social, and psychological oppression of women” (Tyson, 2006, p. 83). It stems from critical theory, which posits that “to be critical, an inquiry must challenge directly underlying human interests and ideologies” (Short, 1991, p. 245). Feminist theory examines the constructed relationship between gender and power in society. Feminist Criticism examines this relationship in terms of literature art. As the original ……
References
References
Alberga-Parisi, A., & Pope, B. (2018). Loss and the Perfection Crucible in The Bell Jar and The Catcher in the Rye. When Loss Gets Personal: Discussing Death through Literature in the Secondary ELA Classroom, 141.
Bell, E. (2016). Adolescence and Liminality in Carson McCullers’ Short Fiction. In Childhood through the Looking Glass (pp. 89-98). Brill.
Codina, N., & Pestana, J. V. (2019). Time Matters Differently in Leisure Experience for Men and Women: Leisure Dedication and Time Perspective. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(14), 2513.
Effthimiou, O., & Franco, Z. (2017). Heroic intelligence: The hero\\\\\\'s journey as an evolutionary and existential blueprint. Journal of Genius and Eminence, 2(2).
Plath, S. (1996). The bell jar. New York, NY: HarperCollins.
Short, E. C., ed. (1991). Forms of curriculum inquiry. New York, NY: SUNY Press.
Tyson, L. (2006). Critical theory today: A user-friendly guide. New York, NY: Routledge.
Study Document
Field Of Organizational Leadership
… doctorate program in organizational leadership is developed on different domains that promote mastery of 21st Century skills. These domains include spiritual formation, organizational theory, organizational development, strategic planning and implementation, personal authenticity and ethics, global and multicultural perspectives, organizational transformation, and wisdom, stewardship and followership (Rennaker, n.d.). ……
References
References
Chirimbu, S. (2014). Challenges of Leadership in Modern Organizations: Knowledge, Vision, Values. Annals of Spiru Haret University Economic Series, 14, 39-48.
Emory University. (2020). About Us. Retrieved from Emory University website: http://www.emory.edu/home/about/index.html
Environmental Health and Safety Office. (2019). Organizational Chart. Retrieved from Emory University website: http://www.ehso.emory.edu/about/org-chart.html
Finley, M. (2016). Chaplain’s Leadership May Come in Unconventional Forms. Retrieved April 21, 2020, from https://www.nacc.org/vision/2016-jul-aug/chaplains-leadership-may-come-in-unconventional-forms/
Rennaker, M. (n.d.). PhD in Organizational Leadership. Retrieved from Indiana Wesleyan University website: https://www.indwes.edu/adult-graduate/programs/phd-organizational-leadership/
Wadhwa, S. & Parimoo, D. (2013). Leadership and its Challenges in the Globalizing World. Journal of Management Sciences and Technology, 1(1), 30-37.
Study Document
Cyber Espionage
… discussed as well as a review of existing literature on the topic. A qualitative case study research design based on the Just War Theory will be utilized to conduct this research. Data will be collected from professionals in international relations and cyber security as well as existing ……
References
Bibliography
Agarwal A. & CERT-IN. “Cyber Espionage, Infiltration and Combating Techniques.” Indian Computer Emergency Response Team, 2013. https://www.cert-in.org.in/Downloader?pageid=5&type=2&fileName=CIPS-2013-0128.pdf
Banks, W.C. “Cyber Espionage and Electronic Surveillance: Beyond the Media Coverage.” Emory law Journal 66, (2017).
Georgieva, I. “The Unexpected Norm-Setters: Intelligence Agencies in Cyberspace.” Contemporary Security Policy (2019).
Hjortdal, M. “China’s Use of Cyber Warfare: Espionage Meets Strategic Deterrence.” Journal of Strategic Security 4, no. 2 (2011).
Libicki, M. “The Coming of Cyber Espionage Norms.” 9th International Conference on Cyber Conflict, 2017. https://ccdcoe.org/uploads/2018/10/Art-01-The-Coming-of-Cyber-Espionage-Norms.pdf
National Counterintelligence and Security Center. “Foreign Economic Espionage in Cyberspace.” Office of the Director of National Intelligence, 2018. https://www.dni.gov/files/NCSC/documents/news/20180724-economic-espionage-pub.pdf
Rubenstein, D. “Nation State Cyber Espionage and its Impacts.” Washington University in St. Louis, December 2014. https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse571-14/ftp/cyber_espionage/
Weissbrodt, D. “Cyber-Conflict, Cyber-Crime, and Cyber-Espionage.” Minnesota Journal of International Law 22, no. 2 (2013).
Study Document
Intelligence Oversight Ethics
...Theory
This literature review first looks at the history if intelligence oversight (IO) and then explains the current problem it faces in terms of ethics and the arrival of the Digital Age, which has complicated the matter. It next synthesizes the literature on what the various ethical theories are and how this further complicates the issue of IO. Finally, it discusses research on the fundamentals of ethics and gives recommendations for future research.
History of IO
The history of IO begins with the purpose for which it was established, which was to safeguard the privacy and rights of U.S. persons while enabling the Department of Defense to carry out its intelligence functions most effectively (Ford 2006, 721). The question that has always been at the forefront of IO, however, is the question of ethics. As Goldman (2013) notes, as far back as 1929 this question of ethics and its role in……
References
References
Bailey, Christopher and Susan M. Galich. “Codes of Ethics: The Intelligence Community.” International Journal of Intelligence Ethics 35.2 (2012), 77-99.
Brown, William F., and Americo R. Cinquegrana. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Warrantless Physical Searches for Foreign Intelligence Purposes: Executive Order 12,333 and the Fourth Amendment.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Cath. UL Rev. 35 (1985): 97.
Cantarella, Michele. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Intelligence ethics in the digital age.\\\\\\\\\\\\" (2016).
Congressional Research Service, “CIA Ethics Education: Background and Perspectives” (2018).
Ferrari, Rachel. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Moral Relativism and Dangerous Ethical Dilemmas in the US Intelligence Community.\\\\\\\\\\\\" (2018).
Ford, Christopher M. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Intelligence Demands in a Democratic State: Congressional Intelligence Oversight.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Tul. L. Rev. 81 (2006): 721.
Goldman, Jan. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Teaching About Intelligjence and Ethics.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Journal of US Intelligence Studies 20, no. 2 (2013): 79.
Hayes, Jonathan. \\\\\\\\\\\\"The Cinema of Oliver Stone: Art, Authorship and Activism by Ian
Study Document
Application Of Quality And Safety Concepts
… be distinguished from general IT on account of its particular focus and possibly more inflexible and limiting standards and framework. AST (Adaptive Structuration Theory) improves IT analysis, especially in case of new adoption. Based on the 1984 Structuration Theory of Gidden, Poole and…[break]…assess community-based telemonitoring or remote monitoring of patients have revealed that it enhances patient results for distinct chronic ailments such ……
References
Bibliography
Alotaibi, Y. K., & Federico, F. (2017). The impact of health information technology on patient safety. Saudi Med J, 38(12), 1173–1180.
Amit, M. (2019, January 28). 5 Problems Which Healthcare Technology Can Solve for a Healthier World. Retrieved from Net Solutions: https://www.netsolutions.com/insights/5-healthcare-problems-which-digital-technologies-can-solve-for-a-fit-and-healthy-world/
DeSanctis, G., & Poole, M. S. (1994). Capturing the Complexity in Advanced Technology Use: Adaptive Structuration Theory. Organization Science, 5(2), 121-147.
Feldman, S. S., Buchalter, S., & Hayes, L. W. (2018). Health Information Technology in Healthcare Quality and Patient Safety: Literature Review. JMIR Med Inform, 6(2).
Halamka, J., Mandl, K., & Tang, P. (2008). Early Experiences with Personal Health Records. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 15(1), 1-7.
IOM. (1999). To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System. National Academy of Sciences.
Singh, H., & Sittig, D. (2016). Measuring and improving patient safety through health information technology: The Health IT Safety Framework. BMJ Quality & Safety, 25, 226-232.
Weigel, F., Hall, D. J., & Landrum, W. H. (2009). Human/Technology Adaptation Fit Theory for Healthcare. SAIS 2009 Proceedings.
Study Document
Effect Of Digital Marketing On Competitiveness Of Automobile Companies
...Theory Introduction
In the research article “Effect of Digital Marketing on Competitiveness of Automobile Companies in Kenya” by Eva Nkatha Kigunda, the objective was to assess how digital marketing strategies affected the competitiveness of automobile companies in Kenya. The digital marketing strategies included in the study are search engine marketing (SEM), email marketing, social media marketing (SMM), and online advertising. The study population was staff working in the marketing departments of major motor vehicle dealers in Kenya, and a sample of 101 (30% of the population) was included in the study (Kigunda 2017). Data was collected through semi-structured questionnaires and inferential and descriptive statistics used for data analysis. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. The study findings are that while automobile dealers in Kenya have significantly invested in digital marketing, there return on investment (ROI) is still insignificant. Digital marketing strategies are mainly used in maintaining the current customer……
References
References
Evans, M.P., 2007. Analysing Google rankings through search engine optimization data. Internet research, 17(1), pp.21-37.
Galvan, J.L. and Galvan, M.C., 2017. Writing literature reviews: A guide for students of the social and behavioral sciences. Routledge.
Kaplan, A.M. and Haenlein, M., 2010. Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business horizons, 53(1), pp.59-68.
Kigunda, E. N. 2017. Effect of Digital Marketing on Competitiveness of Automobile Companies in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, United States International University-Africa).
Kimani, B., 2012. When social media does the marketing. Management magazine, (36-37).
Machi, L.A. and McEvoy, B.T., 2016. The literature review: Six steps to success. Corwin Press.
Ngulube, P., Mathipa, E.R. and Gumbo, M.T., 2015. Theoretical and conceptual frameworks in the social and management sciences. Addressing research challenges: Making headway in developing researchers, pp.43-66.
Wong, L.L.C., 2016. Challenges and expectations: Preparing postgraduate students to write literature reviews. In International Conference of the Spanish Association of Applied Linguistics (AESLA), 2016. University of Alicante.
Study Document
Trolley Problems And Self Driving Cars
… be applied to machine learning—but they forget that long before there were the deontological and utilitarian ethical frameworks there existed the classical ethical theory of virtue ethics, i.e., character ethics. It is the argument of this paper that character ethics is the best approach to solving moral ……
References
Works Cited
Carter, Stacy M. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Overdiagnosis, ethics, and trolley problems: why factors other than outcomes matter—an essay by Stacy Carter.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Bmj 358 (2017): j3872.
Ewing, J. “German Court Says Tesla Self-Driving Claims Are Misleading.” New York Times, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/14/business/tesla-autopilot-germany.html
Himmelreich, Johannes. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Never mind the trolley: The ethics of autonomous vehicles in mundane situations.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 21.3 (2018): 669-684.
Marshall, Aarian. “What Can the Trolley Problem Teach Self-Driving Car Engineers?” Wired, 2010. https://www.wired.com/story/trolley-problem-teach-self-driving-car-engineers/
Nyholm, Sven. \\\\\\\\\\\\"The ethics of crashes with self?driving cars: A roadmap, I.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Philosophy Compass 13.7 (2018): e12507.
Nyholm, Sven, and Jilles Smids. \\\\\\\\\\\\"The ethics of accident-algorithms for self-driving cars: An applied trolley problem?.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Ethical theory and moral practice 19.5 (2016): 1275-1289.
Pojman, L. and J. Fieser. Ethics: Discovering Right and Wrong. Cengage, 2012.
Snow, Nancy E. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Neo-Aristotelian Virtue Ethics.\\\\\\\\\\\\" The Oxford Handbook of Virtue. Oxford University Press, 2018. 321.
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