Russian Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Education Law Policy And Social Justice
… of the said mother tongue languages could be inclusive of, but they are not limited to, Vietnamese, French, Korean, Wu Chinese, German, Japanese, Russian, Portuguese, Arabic, Hindi, Spanish, as well as Mandarin Chinese. In matters education, mother tongue is of great relevance. This is particularly the case ……
References
References
Awopetu, A.V. (2016). Impact of Mother Tongue on Children’s Learning Abilities in Early Childhood Classroom. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 23, 58-63.
Busse, V., Cenoz, J., Dalmann, N. & Rogge, F. (2019). Addressing Linguistic Diversity in the Language Classroom in a Resource?Oriented Way: An Intervention Study with Primary School Children. Language Learning.
Bingol, A.S. (2012). Mother tongue instruction policies towards Turkish migrant children in Europe. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 1016-1023.
Mcmahon, T., Griese, E.R. & Kenyon, D.B. (2019). Cultivating Native American scientists: An application of an Indigenous model to an undergraduate research experience. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 14, 77-110.
Ozfidan, B. (2017). Right of Knowing and Using Mother Tongue: A Mixed Method Study. English Language Teaching; 10(12), 15-23.
Peyton, J.K. (2015). Language of Instruction: Research Findings and Program and Instructional Implications. Reconsidering Development, 4(1), 71-79.
Philips, J.S. (2015). The rights of indigenous peoples under international law. Global Bioethics, 26(2), 75-82.
Sahin, I. (2018). A look at mother tongue education in the context of the right to education. Educational Research and Reviews, 13(9), 343-353.
Study Document
TikTok Platform And Application Walkthrough
...Russian Platform or app walkthrough – TikTok
Introduction
Social media has significantly transformed human interaction, and this is mainly due to the continuous innovations and applications that are being integrated into its ecosystem. One of such applications is the famous TikTok app. Developed and launched by ByteDance, a Beijing based company, TikTok offers its users a platform for creating and sharing lip-sync videos, short music, and looping videos, among others. Emerging in 2018 as the first most-downloaded Chinese app in the United States, TikTok has an approximate global userbase of over a billion people. In the context of its economic and infrastructural status and significance, TikTok is explored in this paper as regards its ownership, revenue (and source of the revenue), and market attributes.
Discussion
According to the platform concept proposed by Poell et al. (3), TikTok is a multi-sided market platform. This is because it efficiently connects the end-users, content……
References
Works-Cited List
Nieborg, David B., and Thomas Poell. "The platformization of cultural production: Theorizing the contingent cultural commodity." New Media & Society, vol. 20, no. 11, 2018, pp. 4275-4292.
Nieborg, David B., and Anne Helmond. "The political economy of Facebook’s platformization in the mobile ecosystem: Facebook Messenger as a platform instance." Media, Culture & Society, vol. 41, no. 2, 2018, pp. 196-218.
Plantin, Jean-Christophe, et al. "Infrastructure studies meet platform studies in the age of Google and Facebook." New Media & Society, vol. 20, no. 1, 2016, pp. 293-310.
Poell, Thomas and David Nieborg and José van Dijck. "Platformisation". Internet Policy Review 8.4 (2019). Web. 7 Mar. 2020.
Tiwana, Amrit. "The Value Proposition of Platforms." Platform Ecosystems, 2014, pp. 61-69.
Study Document
The FBI Counterproliferation And Weapons Of Mass Destruction
… time and it was released alongside the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty. The treaty was aimed at lowering the number of deployable US and Russian weapons. Representatives drawn from all over the world met in May with a goal of renewing the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. The goal of ……
References
References
Busch, Nathan, and Joyner, Daniel (ed). 2009. “Introduction: Nonproliferation at a Crossroads.” In Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Future of Nonproliferation Policy. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press.
Reiss, Mitchell. 2009. “Foreword.” In Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Future of Nonproliferation Policy. Edited by Nathan Busch, and Daniel Joyner. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press.
Cameron, Gavin, Pate, Jason & Vogel, Kathleen. (2001). “Planting Fear: How Real is the Threat of Agricultural Terrorism?” Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, 57(5), 38-44.
Jennings, Elain. 2013. U. S. proliferation policy and the campaign against transnational terror: Linking the U.S. non-proliferation regime to homeland security efforts. Master’s Thesis. Naval Postgraduate School.
Levi, Michael. 2009. “On Nuclear Terrorism.” Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Mauroni, Albert. J. 2010. “A Counter-WMD Strategy for the Future.” Parameters, 58-73.
Ogilvie-White, Tanya. 2008. “Facilitating Implementation of Resolution 1540 in South- East Asia, and the South Pacific.” In Implementing Resolution 1540: The Role of Regional Organizations. Edited by Lawrence Scheinman. New York: United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research.
Pilat Joseph F. 2009. “Dealing with Proliferation and Terrorism.” In Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Future of International Nonproliferation Policy, edited by Nathan E. Busch and Daniel H. Joyner. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
Study Document
Counterintelligence
...Russian Question 1: Construct an assessment of ONCIX strategy, prevention and detection concerning either insider threats, or, economic threats.
Preventing and detecting insider threats is one of the core aspects of the ONCIX strategy. As a new premier counterintelligence and security agency in the U.S. government, ONCIX needs a strong understanding of how to identify and deter insider threats. According to its strategy, “the most effective safeguard against insider threats is a knowledgeable, trusted workforce which is confident that their privacy and civil liberties are respected.”[footnoteRef:2] Making sure that its employees are trustworthy and invested is the first line of defense against insider threats. Gathering data from multiple sources is another line of defense in the ONCIX strategy to mitigate the risk of malicious insiders. The basis of the approach is to use a whole-person, whole-of-career concept that so as to analyze data and to identify anomalies that present themselves. Anomalies……
References
Bibliography
Counter intelligence for National Security, CIA, 1993. https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol2no4/html/v02i4a10p_0001.htm
Johnston, David and James Risen, “U.S.had evidence of espionage,” New York Times, 2001. https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/23/us/us-had-evidence-of-espionage-but-fbi-failed-to-inspect-itself.html
National Counterintelligence Strategy of the United States of America 2016 (Strategy). https://www.dni.gov/files/NCSC/documents/Regulations/National_CI_Strategy_2016.pdf
Prunckun, Hank. 2012. Counterintelligence Theory and Practice, Lanham: Rowman&Littlefield Publishers Inc. Read the following: Chapters 8 to 14, pages 131 to 217. Appendices A to D, pages 219 to 231.
Richelson, Jeffrey. 2007. “The Pentagon’s Counterspies: The Counterintelligence Field Activity (CIFA).” (September 17). National Security Archive. Accessed January 19, 2017. http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB230/ .
Van Cleave, Michelle. “Strategic Counterintelligence: What Is It and What Should We Do About It ?” 2007. CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence. https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol51no2/strategic-counterintelligence.html
Study Document
Strategy For National Defense
… As a result, the country continues to invest in nuclear weapons as part of her power projection and deterrence abilities. For example, the Russian military carries out “regular nuclear-capable Tu-95 Bear bomber long-range aviation flights off the coasts of Japan, Korea, Canada, and Alaska.”[footnoteRef:5] In the past ……
References
Bibliography
Davidson, P.S. “Statement of Admiral Philip S. Davidson, U.S. Navy Commander, U.S. Indo-Pacific Command Before the House Armed Services Committee on U.S. Indo-Pacific Command Posture.” United States Senate, March 27, 2019, https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Davidson_02-12-19.pdf
Department of Defense. “Summary of the 2018 National Defense Strategy of the United States of America.” National Defense Strategy, 2018, https://dod.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2018-National-Defense-Strategy-Summary.pdf
Muller, K. “The Essence of Coercive Air Power: A Primer for Military Strategies.” Air University, https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/ASPJ/journals/Chronicles/mueller.pdf
Pape, R.A. Bombing to Win: Air Power and Coercion in War, 1st ed. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996.
Tammen, R.L., Kugler, J. & Lemke, D. “Power Transition Theory.” International Relations, June 27, 2017, DOI: 10.1093/OBO/9780199743292-0038
The White House. “National Security Strategy of the United States of America.” The White House, December 2017, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/NSS-Final-12-18-2017-0905.pdf
Withers, P. “Integrating Cyber with Air Power in the Second Century of the Royal Air Force.” Medium, March 4, 2019, https://medium.com/raf-caps/integrating-cyber-with-air-power-in-the-second-century-of-the-royal-air-force-bca74b8d42ed
Study Document
Fight Club And Resiliency
...Russian Resiliency
As Webster and Rivers (2018) point out, the notion of resilience has been promoted in a variety of fields and essentially research on it has focused on the need for individuals to “toughen up”—particularly in what has been called a “snowflake” culture, a term popularized by the 1996 Chuck Palahniuk novel Fight Club. As Palahniuk said later when the book was made into a cult hit film, “Every generation gets offended by different things but my friends who teach in high school tell me that their students are very easily offended…The modern Left is always reacting to things. Once they get their show on the road culturally they will stop being so offended” (Londoner, 2017). While there is a lot to unpack in that statement (offense and culture are implicitly linked to resiliency and the ability to cope with conflict), the essence of the point made by Palahniuk is……
References
References
Domhardt, M., Münzer, A., Fegert, J. M., & Goldbeck, L. (2015). Resilience in survivors of child sexual abuse: A systematic review of the literature. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 16(4), 476-493.
Fincher, D. (1999). Fight club. Los Angeles, CA: 20th Century Fox.
Koerner, R. (2017). Authoritarians to the Right of Me, Authoritarians to the Left. Retrieved from https://fee.org/articles/authoritarians-to-the-right-of-me-authoritarians-to-the-left/
Londoner. (2017). Londoner's Diary: Fight Club's Chuck Palahniuk: "I coined 'snowflake' and I stand by it". Retrieved from https://www.standard.co.uk/news/londoners-diary/londoners-diary-chuck-palahniuk-i-coined-snowflake-and-i-stand-by-it-a3448226.html#comments
Perkins-Gough, D. (2013). The significance of grit: A conversation with Angela Lee Duckworth. Educational Leadership, 71(1), 14-20.
Reivich, K. J., Seligman, M. E., & McBride, S. (2011). Master resilience training in the US Army. American Psychologist, 66(1), 25.
Tough, P. (2013). How Children Succeed: Grit, Curiosity, and the Hidden Power of Character. NY: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Webster, D., & Rivers, N. (2018). Resisting resilience: disrupting discourses of self- efficacy. Pedagogy, Culture & Society, 1-13.
Study Document
Cyber Espionage
...Russian Abstract
Cyber espionage has become a critical component of modern cyber warfare as nation-states increasingly rely on cyberspace. However, cyber espionage had generated concerns regarding its acceptability given its potential threats to national security. This study explores the proposition that cyber security should be deemed an acceptable state behavior while cyber attack is unacceptable. This study seeks to answer the question, “How is cyber espionage an acceptable state behavior for intelligence gathering though it is a form of unacceptable cyberattack?” Background information to provide the context for this study is discussed as well as a review of existing literature on the topic. A qualitative case study research design based on the Just War Theory will be utilized to conduct this research. Data will be collected from professionals in international relations and cyber security as well as existing publications on recent cyber espionage activities by China and Russia.
Keywords: cyber espionage,……
References
Bibliography
Agarwal A. & CERT-IN. “Cyber Espionage, Infiltration and Combating Techniques.” Indian Computer Emergency Response Team, 2013. https://www.cert-in.org.in/Downloader?pageid=5&type=2&fileName=CIPS-2013-0128.pdf
Banks, W.C. “Cyber Espionage and Electronic Surveillance: Beyond the Media Coverage.” Emory law Journal 66, (2017).
Georgieva, I. “The Unexpected Norm-Setters: Intelligence Agencies in Cyberspace.” Contemporary Security Policy (2019).
Hjortdal, M. “China’s Use of Cyber Warfare: Espionage Meets Strategic Deterrence.” Journal of Strategic Security 4, no. 2 (2011).
Libicki, M. “The Coming of Cyber Espionage Norms.” 9th International Conference on Cyber Conflict, 2017. https://ccdcoe.org/uploads/2018/10/Art-01-The-Coming-of-Cyber-Espionage-Norms.pdf " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
Cyber Espionage
...Russian Abstract
Cyber espionage has become a critical component of modern cyber warfare as nation-states increasingly rely on cyberspace. However, cyber espionage had generated concerns regarding its acceptability given its potential threats to national security. This study explores the proposition that cyber security should be deemed an acceptable state behavior while cyber attack is unacceptable. This study seeks to answer the question, “How is cyber espionage an acceptable state behavior for intelligence gathering though it is a form of unacceptable cyberattack?” Background information to provide the context for this study is discussed as well as a review of existing literature on the topic. A qualitative case study research design based on the Just War Theory will be utilized to conduct this research. Data will be collected from professionals in international relations and cyber security as well as existing publications on recent cyber espionage activities by China and Russia.
Keywords: cyber espionage,……
References
Bibliography
Agarwal A. & CERT-IN. “Cyber Espionage, Infiltration and Combating Techniques.” Indian Computer Emergency Response Team, 2013. https://www.cert-in.org.in/Downloader?pageid=5&type=2&fileName=CIPS-2013-0128.pdf
Banks, W.C. “Cyber Espionage and Electronic Surveillance: Beyond the Media Coverage.” Emory law Journal 66, (2017).
Georgieva, I. “The Unexpected Norm-Setters: Intelligence Agencies in Cyberspace.” Contemporary Security Policy (2019).
Hjortdal, M. “China’s Use of Cyber Warfare: Espionage Meets Strategic Deterrence.” Journal of Strategic Security 4, no. 2 (2011).
Libicki, M. “The Coming of Cyber Espionage Norms.” 9th International Conference on Cyber Conflict, 2017. https://ccdcoe.org/uploads/2018/10/Art-01-The-Coming-of-Cyber-Espionage-Norms.pdf " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
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