Russia Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Major Issues Facing The European Union
...Russia Six Reasons the European Union Will Not Last
Introduction
The European Union (EU) is the heart and soul of modern Europe, yet it is not without its challenges. Whether it comes to trade issues, member states failing to follow regulations, or immigration issues, the EU has no end of problems that arise from year to year. This paper will describe a few of the challenges and show why the larger issue of representative government in modern Europe is now coming face to face with an increasing wave of nationalism and a push by some member states to exert more sovereignty over their own affairs without respect to what the EU has to say about it. After looking at issues such as 1) Brexit, 2) the immigration crisis, 3) the open borders policy, 4) the problem of NATO, 5) the ultra-high and potentially catastrophic levels of debt that the European Central……
References
References
Amadeo, K. (2019). Eurozone debt crisis. Retrieved from https://www.thebalance.com/eurozone-debt-crisis-causes-cures-and-consequences-3305524
BBC. (2020). Brexit. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-32810887
Chadwick, L. (2020). Recession could tip EU. Retrieved from https://www.euronews.com/2020/02/27/could-covid-19-coronavirus-trigger-a-european-economic-recession
Grose, T. (2020). Coronavirus tests Europe’s open borders. Retrieved from https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/2020-03-02/europes-open-border-agreement-may-become-casualty-to-coronavirus
Herszenhorn, D. (2019). Europe’s NATO problem. Retrieved from https://www.politico.eu/article/europe-nato-problem-defense-procurement-training-research/
Pew Research Center. (2016). European opinions of the refugee crisis. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/09/16/european-opinions-of-the-refugee-crisis-in-5-charts/
Wirtz, B. (2019). The Beginning Of The End Of Open Borders In Europe. Retrieved from https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/the-beginning-of-the-end-of-open-borders-in-europe/
Study Document
Poland S Position In Europe
Poland is geographically situated in central Europe and is bordered by the Russian Federation and Baltic Sea in the north, Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine in the east, Slovakia to the south, and Czech Republic and Germany … that same century, Poland remained relatively free from the disease. In the century leading up to WWI, Poland was fought over by the Russians on one side and the Prussians on the other. Wilson helped Poland to unite once more after WWI; however, skirmishes between the Czechs and the Germans paved the way … seeks to enhance its ties with the U.S. by offering America a permanent base from which it can wage war, if necessary, against Russia, should the latter adopt an aggressive stance towards the West. The fighting in Ukraine has also been seen as a problem for Poland, … has developed since the 1990s.
Poland’s place in central Europe makes……
References
References
Bradberry, B. (2012). The Myth of German Villainy. IN: AuthorHouse.
Nations. (2018). Poland. Retrieved from https://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Europe/Poland-INFRASTRUCTURE-POWER-AND-COMMUNICATIONS.html
Pew Research Center. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/global/database/
Rempfer, K. (2018). Why Poland wants a permanent US military base, and is willing to pay $2 billion for it. Retrieved from https://www.armytimes.com/news/2018/05/29/why-poland-wants-a-permanent-us-military-base-and-is-willing-to-pay-2-billion-for-it/
Study Document
Trust And Relationships In Negotiation
… agreeable a plan is to both sides, the more likely it is to be implemented. The nature of the relationship between China and Russia is one such example of how mutual dependence can be a positive factor in relationship building.
To turn a sour relationship into a ……
References
References
Butler Jr, J. K. (1999). Trust expectations, information sharing, climate of trust, and negotiation effectiveness and efficiency. Group & Organization Management, 24(2), 217-238.
Lewicki, R. J., & Stevenson, M. A. (1997). Trust development in negotiation: Proposed actions and a research agenda. Business & Professional Ethics Journal, 16(1/3), 99-132.
Olekalns, M., & Smith, P. L. (2009). Mutually dependent: Power, trust, affect and the use of deception in negotiation. Journal of Business Ethics, 85(3), 347-365.
Ross, W., & LaCroix, J. (1996). Multiple meanings of trust in negotiation theory and research: A literature review and integrative model. International Journal of Conflict Management. 7(4), 314–360.
Shell, G. R. (1991). Opportunism and trust in the negotiation of commercial contracts:Toward a new cause of action. Vand. L. Rev., 44, 221.
Study Document
The Influence Of International Jewry In The Founding Of Israel
… continued to show to the British that the socio-political situation in Germany was untenable for Jews and Jewish influence around the world, from Russia to America, was used to put pressure on the British government to take action.[footnoteRef:5] [5: JMW, X. Zionism: #42-55; JMW, IX. American Jewry: ……
References
Bibliography
JMW, XII. Jewish Identity Challenged and Redefined: #16
JMW, XI. The Shoah: #21-41
JMW, VIII. Sephardi & Middle Eastern Jewry #32-35
JMW, X. Zionism: #42-55
JMW, IX. American Jewry: #52
Study Document
Demographic Profile And Motivation Of Suicide Bombers
...Russia Suicide Terrorism: Driven to Death
Introduction
Who are the terrorists engaging in suicide bombings? What motivates them to act? These are some of the questions Merari (2010) tackles in Driven to Death. They are not entirely new questions, as other researchers have asked them as well—but Merari (2010) does provide new insight into the phenomenon of suicide bombing by conducting field work and independent research to uncover more information on this particular subject. This paper explores some of the findings of Merari (2010) and compares them with what other researchers have had to say, particularly on the subject of what motivates terrorists to act.
Demographics
While many scholars argue that there is no demographic profile of the suicide bomber, Merari (2010) disagrees and presents his own demographic profile based on his own research. The argument of general scholarship is that anyone can be a suicide bomber, young or old, rich……
References
References
Bandura, A. (2018). Toward a psychology of human agency: Pathways and reflections. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(2), 130-136.
Chatfield, A. T., Reddick, C. G., & Brajawidagda, U. (2015, May). Tweeting propaganda, radicalization and recruitment: Islamic state supporters multi-sided twitter networks. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (pp. 239-249).
Costello, M., & Hawdon, J. (2018). Who are the online extremists among us? Sociodemographic characteristics, social networking, and online experiences of those who produce online hate materials. Violence and gender, 5(1), 55-60.
DeCook, J. R. (2018). Memes and symbolic violence:# proudboys and the use of memes for propaganda and the construction of collective identity. Learning, Media and Technology, 43(4), 485-504.
Koch, A. (2018). Trends in Anti-Fascist and Anarchist Recruitment and Mobilization. Journal for Deradicalization, (14), 1-51.
Merari, A. (2010). Driven to death. Oxford University Press.
Study Document
Cyber Espionage
… be collected from professionals in international relations and cyber security as well as existing publications on recent cyber espionage activities by China and Russia.
Keywords: cyber espionage, acceptability, proposition, state behavior, cyberattack, relationship, intelligence gathering, national security.
Introduction
Cyberspace has become an important element is the operations … international problem because of increased reliance on cyberspace by state and non-state actors. Nations across the globe including the United States, China and Russia are using cyberspace to commit…[break]…of the acceptability of cyber espionage. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted on a representative sample from a group of … conducted on a representative sample from a group of professionals within this field and examine existing cases on cyber espionage by China and Russia.
To identify an appropriate representative sample, the researcher will utilize purposive sampling approach. Individuals within the researcher’s professional networks will be contacted and ……
References
Bibliography
Agarwal A. & CERT-IN. “Cyber Espionage, Infiltration and Combating Techniques.” Indian Computer Emergency Response Team, 2013. https://www.cert-in.org.in/Downloader?pageid=5&type=2&fileName=CIPS-2013-0128.pdf
Banks, W.C. “Cyber Espionage and Electronic Surveillance: Beyond the Media Coverage.” Emory law Journal 66, (2017).
Georgieva, I. “The Unexpected Norm-Setters: Intelligence Agencies in Cyberspace.” Contemporary Security Policy (2019).
Hjortdal, M. “China’s Use of Cyber Warfare: Espionage Meets Strategic Deterrence.” Journal of Strategic Security 4, no. 2 (2011).
Libicki, M. “The Coming of Cyber Espionage Norms.” 9th International Conference on Cyber Conflict, 2017. https://ccdcoe.org/uploads/2018/10/Art-01-The-Coming-of-Cyber-Espionage-Norms.pdf " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
Cyber Espionage
… be collected from professionals in international relations and cyber security as well as existing publications on recent cyber espionage activities by China and Russia.
Keywords: cyber espionage, acceptability, proposition, state behavior, cyberattack, relationship, intelligence gathering, national security.
Introduction
Cyberspace has become an important element ins the operations … international problem because of increased reliance on cyberspace by state and non-state actors. Nations across the globe including the United States, China and Russia are using cyberspace to commit cyber espionage. However, the legitimacy of this practice remains questionable amidst the proposition that it is an acceptable … conducted on a representative sample from a group of professionals within this field and examine existing cases on cyber espionage by China and Russia.
Since this research is a qualitative design, the researcher will first code the data collected to main themes from the interviews. The themes ……
References
Bibliography
Agarwal A. & CERT-IN. “Cyber Espionage, Infiltration and Combating Techniques.” Indian Computer Emergency Response Team, 2013. https://www.cert-in.org.in/Downloader?pageid=5&type=2&fileName=CIPS-2013-0128.pdf
Banks, W.C. “Cyber Espionage and Electronic Surveillance: Beyond the Media Coverage.” Emory law Journal 66, (2017).
Georgieva, I. “The Unexpected Norm-Setters: Intelligence Agencies in Cyberspace.” Contemporary Security Policy (2019).
Hjortdal, M. “China’s Use of Cyber Warfare: Espionage Meets Strategic Deterrence.” Journal of Strategic Security 4, no. 2 (2011).
Libicki, M. “The Coming of Cyber Espionage Norms.” 9th International Conference on Cyber Conflict, 2017. https://ccdcoe.org/uploads/2018/10/Art-01-The-Coming-of-Cyber-Espionage-Norms.pdf " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
COVID 19 In South Africa Nigeria And Swaziland
...Russia Literature Review on Coping Through The Use Of Informal Institutions during COVID 19 in South Africa, Nigeria, and Swaziland
The institutional theory deals with the outlines, regulations, standards, and procedures that are formulated in the institutions as commanding instructions for social behavior. This theory gives an understanding of how institutions are shaped, and the societal norms and frameworks are informed to all people of an organization. Communication is the sole indicator of how organizations are formulated with the help of formal rules and regulations, as that would reflect how they are conversed across all levels of the firm and in what way people are obeying them. This would ultimately build an organizational culture for coping with social and political issues. The informal institutions are socially shared instructions, typically unwritten, that are formed, transferred and imposed outside the official boundaries (Torniainen & Sasstamoinen, 2007), for example, giving tips to the food……
References
References
Coelho, A. (2019). The role of informal institutions in the enforcement of rules and how to improve corporate and public governance in Brazil: Studies based on a set of corporate governance cases involving state-owned companies (Working Paper). Retrieved from SSRN website https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3434037
Dacin, M.T., Goodstein, J. & Scott, W.R. (2002). Institutional theory and institutional change: Introduction to the special research forum. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), 45- 47. DOI: 10.2307/3069284
Escandon-Barbosa, D.M., Urbano, D., Hurtado-Ayala, A., Paramo, J.S. & Dominguez, A.Z. (2019). Formal institutions, informal institutions, and entrepreneurial activity: A comparative relationship between rural and urban areas in Colombia. Journal of Urban Management, 8(3), 458-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2019.06.002
Estrin, S. & Prevezer, M. (2010). The role of informal institutions in corporate governance: Brazil, Russia, India, and China compared. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 28, 41- 67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-010-9229-1
Kaufmann, W., Hooghiemstra, R. & Feeney, M.K. (2018). Formal institutions, informal institutions, and red tape: A comparative study. Public Administration, 96(2), 386-403. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12397
Meluch, A.L. (2016, August). Understanding the organizational and institutional origins of social support in a cancer support center. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=kent1466944822&disposition=inline
Torniainen, T.J. & Sasstamoinen, O.J. (2007). Formal and informal institutions and their hierarchy in the regulation of the forest lease in Russia. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, 80(5), 489-501. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpm033
Study Document
Counterintelligence Issues Within The United States
… the world; but of course Israeli intelligence never stopped in terms of practice, which is why nations that support a multi-polar world, like Russia, Syria, Iran and China, are often at odds with Israeli aims (Kent 2019). Israel, like the US, is focused primarily on a zero ……
References
Bibliography
2020-2022 National Counterintelligence Strategy of the United States. 2020. Washington, DC: National Counterintelligence and Security Center
Bailey, Christopher and Susan M. Galich. 2012. “Codes of Ethics: The Intelligence Community.” International Journal of Intelligence Ethics 35 (2): 77-99.
Bernardi, Beatrice. 2013. "The Role of Intelligence in the Fight Against International Terrorism: Legal Profiles." Bachelor's thesis, Università Ca'Foscari Venezia.
Carson, Thomas L. 2010. Lying and Deception: Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press.
Cohen, Shlomo. 2016. "Are There Moral Limits to Military Deception?." Philosophia 44 (4): 1305-1318.
Coyne, John, Peter Bell, and Shannon Merrington. 2013. "Exploring ethics in intelligence and the role of leadership." Interntional Journal of Business and Commerce 2 (10): 27-37.
Erskine, Toni. 2004. "'As Rays of Light to the Human Soul'? Moral Agents and Intelligence Gathering." Intelligence & National Security 19 (2): 359-381.
Godson, Roy, and James J. Wirtz. 2000. "Strategic denial and deception." International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 13 (4): 424-437.
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