Research Questions Essays (Examples)
Study Document
General Strain Theory Bullying Childhood Abuse
… treated. In this paper, we have analyzed two articles all focusing on GST. However, the two articles differ in the negative stimuli being research. Cullen, Unnever, Hartman, Turner, and Agnew (2008) is analyzing the impact of bullying while Watts and McNulty (2013) is analyzing the impact of … demonstrated, anger is one of the major factors of GST. The effect of anger towards deviant behavior has been well articulated by other research and the two articles have managed to create a link that demonstrates that with bullying and childhood abuse, a person does develop anger … cause criminogenic effects.
Cullen et al. (2008) and Watts and McNulty (2013) are both testing general strain theory in their different criminal justice research articles. General strain theory (GST) offers a unique explanation of delinquency and crime, which is in direct contrast to control and learning theories. ……
References
References
Agnew, R. (2002). Experienced, vicarious, and anticipated strain: An exploratory study on physical victimization and delinquency. Justice Quarterly, 19(4), 603-632.
Agnew, R. (2007). Pressured into crime: An overview of general strain theory. Los Angeles,CA: Roxbury.
Cullen, F. T., Unnever, J. D., Hartman, J. L., Turner, M. G., & Agnew, R. (2008). Gender, bullying victimization, and juvenile delinquency: A test of general strain theory. Victims and Offenders, 3(4), 346-364.
Warner, B. D., & Fowler, S. K. (2003). Strain and violence: Testing a general strain theory model of community violence. Journal of Criminal Justice, 31(6), 511-521.
Watts, S. J., & McNulty, T. L. (2013). Childhood abuse and criminal behavior: Testing a general strain theory model. Journal of interpersonal violence, 28(15), 3023-3040.
Study Document
Why Uber Refuses To Hire Drivers As Full Time Employees
...Research questions Problem at Uber
Introduction
Uber has 22,000 employees worldwide and approximately half of its employees work inside the US. The company has nearly 1 million drivers in the US and approximately 4 million worldwide (Sainato, 2019). The problem that Uber has is that it does not consider its drivers as actual employees even though this categorization has been challenged at the federal level. Regulators have argued in the past that the company should count its drivers as employees rather than as freelancers or contractors. Drivers too have argued that they deserve the benefits, protections and compensation that regular employees receive (Rapier, 2019). However, the National Labor Relations Board's general counsel recently revealed that Uber’s drivers will continue to be classified as contractors. Though the company has viewed this as a victory for its business model, there are plenty of problems that remain as a result of this continuation of what……
References
References
Bhuiyan, J. (2018). Uber’s sleek new product? Your safety. Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/2018/9/6/17824294/uber-safety-product-feature s
Bond, S. (2019). Uber Received Nearly 6,000 U.S. Sexual Assault Claims In Past 2 Years. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2019/12/05/785037245/uber-received-nearly-6-000-u-s-sexual-assault-claims-in-past-2-year s
Kaltner, J. (2018). Employment status of uber and lyft drivers: Unsettlingly settled. Hastings Women's LJ, 29, 29.
Malos, S., Lester, G. V., & Virick, M. (2018). Uber drivers and employment status in the gig economy: Should corporate social responsibility tip the scales?. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 30(4), 239-251.
North, A. (2019). It’s not just passengers being assaulted in Ubers. Drivers are at risk, too. Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/2019/12/7/20998646/uber-safety-report-sexual-assault-lyft-case s
Rapier, G. (2019). Uber scored a major victory when the US government ruled drivers aren't employees, but not everyone is happy. Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com/uber-drivers-disappointed-ruling-not-employees-2019-5
Reingold, J. (2013). Southwest’s Herb Kelleher: Still crazy after all these years. Retrieved from http://fortune.com/2013/01/14/southwests-herb-kelleher-still-crazy-after-all-these-years/
Rogers, B. (2016). Employment rights in the platform economy: Getting back to basics. Harv. L. & Pol'y Rev., 10, 479.
Study Document
Transgender The Behaviors Acts And Transitions
… alleviating gender dysphoria symptoms. In this setting, gender reassignment, surgery, and hormonal treatment play a pivotal role.
Substance Abuse and relation to transgender
research has indicated that there is a high prevalence of substance abuse amongst transgender people. Clinical studies have demonstrated that high percentages of substance … other persons (Bockting et al., 2013).
Glynn & van den Berg (2017) indicate that in investigating this incongruence between transgender and non-transgender persons, research has demonstrated that there are correlations between substance abuse and trans-specific discrimination and bias. These research findings are in line with the Minority Stress Model, which asserts that protracted exposure to inequality, prejudice, and discrimination faced by members of … part, demographic data about Americans emanate from nationwide or population-oriented surveys such as the census. The downside is that these sources hardly incorporate questions to ascertain transgender respondents, thereby generating significant knowledge gaps in transgender populations. Also,……
References
References
Bockting, W. O., Miner, M. H., Swinburne Romine, R. E., Hamilton, A., & Coleman, E. (2013). Stigma, mental health, and resilience in an online sample of the US transgender population. American journal of public health, 103(5), 943-951.
Bockting, W., Coleman, E., Deutsch, M. B., Guillamon, A., Meyer, I., Meyer III, W., ... & Ettner, R. (2016). Adult development and quality of life of transgender and gender-nonconforming people. Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity, 23(2), 188.
Catelan, R. F., Costa, A. B., & Lisboa, C. S. D. M. (2017). Psychological interventions for transgender persons: a scoping review. International Journal of Sexual Health, 29(4), 325-337.
Divan, V., Cortez, C., Smelyanskaya, M., & Keatley, J. (2016). Transgender social inclusion and equality: a pivotal path to development. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 19, 20803.
Drydakis, N. (2020). Trans People, Transitioning, Mental Health, Life, and Job Satisfaction. Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, 1-22.
Glynn, T. R., & van den Berg, J. J. (2017). A systematic review of interventions to reduce problematic substance use among transgender individuals: A call to action. Transgender Health, 2(1), 45-59.
Grossman, A. H., Haney, A. P., Edwards, P., Alessi, E. J., Ardon, M., & Howell, T. J. (2009). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth talk about experiencing and coping with school violence: A qualitative study. Journal of LGBT Youth, 6(1), 24-46.
Jellestad, L., Jäggi, T., Corbisiero, S., Schaefer, D. J., Jenewein, J., Schneeberger, A., ... & Garcia Nuñez, D. (2018). Quality of life in transitioned trans persons: a retrospective cross-sectional cohort study. BioMed research international, 2018.
Study Document
Theory Practice Of Business Psychology In Johnson & Johnson Company
… Theory is considered to be one of the most prevalent and noticeable theories in the area of psychology and human motivation. According to research conducted by Kreitner et al. (1999), this theory is one of the first approaches that attempt to explain human behavior concerning the satisfaction ……
References
References
Asim, M., 2013. Impact of Motivation on Employee Performance with effect of training: Specific to Education Sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(9), 1-9.
Heneman, H. G., & Schwab, D. P., 1972. Evaluation of research on expectancy theory predictions of employee performance. Psychological Bulletin, 78(1), 1.
Herzberg, F., 1987. One More Time: How Do You Motivate Employees? Harvard Business Review, 65, 5.
Herzberg, F., Mausner, B. & Snyderman, B. 1959. The motivation to work. New York. John Wiley.
Hilgert, R. L., Leonard, E. C., 2001. Supervision: Concepts and practices of management. New York: South-Western College Publication.
Johnson & Johnson., 2020. Wellness 360: 9 Innovative Johnson & Johnson Employee Benefits for Mind, Body, and Budget. Retrieved 25 February 2020 from https://www.jnj.com/health-and-wellness/innovative-employee-benefits-and-wellness-programs-from-johnson-johnson
Johnson & Johnson., 2020. Careers: Healthiest Finances. Retrieved 25 February 2020 from https://www.careers.jnj.com/employee-benefits/financial-benefits .
Johnson & Johnson. , 2018. 2018 Health for Humanity Report: Creating Unique Career Opportunities. Retrieved 25 February 2020 from https://healthforhumanityreport.jnj.com/our-people/creating-unique-career-opportunities
Study Document
How Men And Women Experience Leisure Differently
… to engage in leisure in the same way that men do.
The point that Codina and Pestana (2019) make stems from their own research into this issue. Their argument comes from the findings of their own study of nearly 900 male and female participants, in which they … unnecessary. Men and women need to realize now more than ever that they serve complementary roles—not necessarily the same roles. The focus of research should be on how the two genders can complement one another rather than on how one gender is getting more advantages than the … how the two genders can complement one another rather than on how one gender is getting more advantages than the other.
In conclusion, research into the leisure gap has shown that men and women experience leisure differently. Moreover when there is gender equality, equal leisure time among ……
References
References
Balish, S. M., Deaner, R. O., Rathwell, S., Rainham, D., & Blanchard, C. (2016). Gender equality predicts leisure-time physical activity: Benefits for both sexes across 34 countries. Cogent Psychology, 3(1), 1174183.
Codina, N., & Pestana, J. V. (2019). Time Matters Differently in Leisure Experience for Men and Women: Leisure Dedication and Time Perspective. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(14), 2513.
Dallmeyer, S., Wicker, P., & Breuer, C. (2017). How an aging society affects the economic costs of inactivity in Germany: empirical evidence and projections. European review of aging and physical activity, 14(1), 18.
Goldhill, O. (2018). Scientific research shows gender is not just a social construct. Retrieved from https://qz.com/1190996/scientific-research-shows-gender-is-not-just-a-social-construct/
Porter, J. (2014). The gender leisure gap: Why women are losing their time to just chill out. Retrieved from https://www.fastcompany.com/3034205/the-gender-leisure-gap-why-women-are-losing-their-time-to-just-chill-out
Vadum, M. (2020). Transgender Trailblazer Legally Reclaims Original Sex. Retrieved from https://www.theepochtimes.com/transgender-trailblazer-legally-reclaims-male-sex_3192279.html
Study Document
The Rise Of The Opium Trade In Afghanistan Following The US Invasion
...Research questions Evaluating a Counterterrorism Strategy
Introduction
One of the problems with the “war on terror” as first conceived in the wake of 9/11 was that it lacked objectivity and realism (Taddeo, 2010). The mission calculus was unclear, the operation involved lacking in all the variables of iSTART (ideology, strategy, tactics, accounting/financing, recruitment, targets). What was the aim of the counterterrorism operation in Afghanistan? Numerous negative consequences of the mission followed: the liberation of the poppy fields and the spike in the heroin trade around the world that decimated communities, including American ones back home (Felbab-Brown, 2017); the rise of the Islamic State throughout the Middle East (Barton, 2016); two trillion dollars in costs in addition to the loss of 2,400 US soldiers and the deaths of nearly 40,000 Afghani civilians (Almukhtar & Nordland, 2019). Because the US lacked an adequate iSTART framework going into its counterterrorism operation in Afghanistan, the result……
References
References
Almukhtar, S. & Nordland, R. (2019). What Did the U.S. Get for $2 Trillion in Afghanistan? Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/12/09/world/middleeast/afghanistan-war-cost.html
Barno, D. (2007). The Other War: Counterinsurgency Strategy in Afghanistan 2003– 20. Military Review, 87(5), 32–44.
Barton, G. (2016). Out of the ashes of Afghanistan and Iraq: the rise and rise of Islamic State. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/out-of-the-ashes-of-afghanistan-and-iraq-the-rise-and-rise-of-islamic-state-55437
Felbab-Brown, V. (2017). Afghanistan’s opium production is through the roof—why Washington shouldn’t overreact. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2017/11/21/afghanistans-opium-production-is-through-the-roof-why-washington-shouldnt-overreact/
FM 3-24. (2014). Retrieved from https://fas.org/irp/doddir/army/fm3-24.pdf
Hitz, F. P. (1999). Obscuring Propriety: The CIA and Drugs. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 12(4), 448-462.
IrishTimes. (2001). Britain freezes £61m of suspected Taliban assets. Retrieved from https://www.irishtimes.com/news/britain-freezes-61m-of-suspected-taliban-assets-1.398565
Kiras, J. D. (2002). Terrorism and Irregular Warfare, in John Baylis, James Wirtz, Eliot Cohen and Colin Gray eds., Strategy in the Contemporary World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), 208–232.
Study Document
Domestic Terrorism And Extremist Groups
...Research questions Right and Left Wing Terror Groups in America
1
Extremism in the U.S. is on the rise, based on the rise in polarization throughout the country as the Left and the Right become more and more opposed to one another ideologically, politically, socially, and emotionally. There is a strong rift between the two and little sense of common ground. Much of this rise has come on the heels of the rise in social media use, which allows individuals to promote their views to the rest of the world in a way that was literally unheard of prior to the digital revolution (Freberg, Graham, McGaughey & Freberg, 2011). As social media use has essentially risen exponentially since its inception in the 2000s, the level of ideologically-driven Influencers in the space is a reflection and facilitator of the level of extremism in the United States.
As both the popularity of groups like……
References
References
Barnett, B. A. (2015). 20 Years Later: A Look Back at the Unabomber Manifesto. Perspectives on Terrorism, 9(6), 60-71.
Beinart, P. (2017). The rise of the violent left. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/the-rise-of-the-violent-left/534192/
Chatfield, A. T., Reddick, C. G., & Brajawidagda, U. (2015, May). Tweeting propaganda, radicalization and recruitment: Islamic state supporters multi-sided twitter networks. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (pp. 239-249).
Costello, M., & Hawdon, J. (2018). Who are the online extremists among us? Sociodemographic characteristics, social networking, and online experiences of those who produce online hate materials. Violence and gender, 5(1), 55-60.
DeCook, J. R. (2018). Memes and symbolic violence:# proudboys and the use of memes for propaganda and the construction of collective identity. Learning, Media and Technology, 43(4), 485-504.
Freberg, K., Graham, K., McGaughey, K., & Freberg, L. A. (2011). Who are the social media influencers? A study of public perceptions of personality. Public Relations Review, 37(1), 90-92.
Hamm, M &Spaaj, R. (2015). Lone wolf terrorism in America: Using knowledge of radicalization pathways to forge prevention strategies. U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/248691.pdf
Klein, A. (2019). From Twitter to Charlottesville: Analyzing the Fighting Words Between the Alt-Right and Antifa. International Journal of Communication, 13, 22.
Study Document
Governments Procurement Methods In Integrated Public Service
… are conflicting views regarding the process of negotiation, participation by the public and private financiers, and accountability. In recent days, a lot of research has been focusing on the implementation of PPPs. The Public-Private Partnership programs have been put to use in both developed and developing countries.
… and many have been adopted or tried. There are also case studies that have been widely used elsewhere. These initiatives have stimulated further research in PPPs. The result has been the development of new PPP models, frameworks, issues to do with concession, project financing, risk management, allocation, … While there have been numerous efforts to streamline PPPs, efforts to streamline their framework have been random.
Further, the development trends of PPP research are still unclear. There has been some research to establish the trends by analysis of the content of popular construction magazines, but the research still have little to show……
References
Bibliography
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Friedman, S. (2016). Successful public/private partnerships from principles to practices. Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute.
Ma, L., Li, J., Jin, R., &Ke, Y. (2019). A holistic review of public-private partnership literature published between 2008 and 2018. Advances in Civil Engineering. Retrieved from http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ace/2019/7094653.pdf
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Sekhri, N., Feachem, R., & Ni, A. (2011). Public-private integrated partnerships demonstrate the potential to improve health care access, quality, and efficiency. Health Affairs, 30(8).
Study Document
Preparing For The Death Of A Spouse
… is important to be aware that grief incorporates physical, behavioral, emotional, and cognitive responses to loss (Kronaizl, 2019). Grieving children like to ask questions. They should be provided with an environment in which they can ask questions freely and get honest answers. Thus, they need to be treated with honesty and openness, provided with accurate information that is also sensitive ……
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References
Alvariza, A., Häger-Tibell, L., Holm, M., Steineck, G., & Kreicbergs, U. (2020). Increasing preparedness for caregiving and death in family caregivers of patients with severe illness who are cared for at-home–study protocol for a web-based intervention. BMC palliative care, 19(1), 1-8.
Glazer, H. R., Clark, M. D., Thomas, R., & Haxton, H. (2010). Parenting after the death of a spouse. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®, 27(8), 532-536.
Jones, E., Oka, M., Clark, J., Gardner, H., Hunt, R., & Dutson, S. (2019). Lived experience of young widowed individuals: A qualitative study. Death Studies, 43(3), 183-192.
Kronaizl, S. G. (2019). Discussing death with children: A developmental approach. Pediatric Nursing, 45(1), 47-50.
Kubler-Ross, E. (1969). On Death and Dying. New York: The MacMillan Company.
Madsen, R., Birkelund, R., & Uhrenfeldt, L. (2019). Transition experiences during courses of incurable cancer from the perspective of bereaved spouses. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 38, 28-35.
Turner, M., King, C., Milligan, C., Thomas, C., Brearley, S. G., Seamark, D., & Payne, S. (2016). Caring for a dying spouse at the end of life:‘It\\\\\\\\\\\\'s one of the things you volunteer for when you get married\\\\\\\\\\\\': a qualitative study of the oldest carers\\\\\\\\\\\\' experiences. Age and ageing, 45(3), 421-426.
Study Document
The Assassination Of Qassem Soleimani The Iranian General
...Research questions The assassination of Major General Qassem Soleimani
Introduction
In early 2020, January 3, the U.S. launched airstrike attacks around Baghdad International Airport and killed two of the most influential leaders in Iran, Iraq, and the surrounding regions. The strike killed Qassem Soleimani, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps- Quds Force's Major General, and Abu Mahdi Al-Muhandis, the Deputy head of the Popular Mobilization Commission, and also the founder of the militia known as Kata' ib Hezbollah (Jahanbani, 2020). The strikes happened when there was an escalating conflict between the US, Iran and Iraq. This was after December 27, 2019, when a famous proxy from Iran by the name Kata' ib Hezbollah killed several pro-Iranian Militia members and a U.S. citizen four days down the line. The hit triggered criticisms of the Trump administration of how he was using his diplomatic, executive powers and ethical judgment in leadership. He was accused of……
References
References
Jahanbani, N. (2020). Beyond Soleimani: Implications for Iran\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Proxy Network in Iraq and Syria. CTC Perspectives.
Vladeck, S. I. (2004). Emergency Power and the Militia Acts. Yale LJ, 114, 149.
Brands, H. (2019). Why America Can\\\\\\\\\\\\" t Quit the Middle East. Hoover Institution, 21.
Tillman, S. P. (1982). The United States in the Middle East: Interests and Obstacles (Vol. 82). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Terry, J. P. (1986). Countering State-Sponsored Terrorism: A Law-Policy Analysis. Naval L. Rev., 36, 159.
Maogoto, J. N. (2003). War on the enemy: self-defense and state-sponsored terrorism. Melb. J. Int\\\\\\\\\\\\'l L., 4, 406.
Lillich, R. B., & Paxman, J. M. (1976). State Responsibility for Injuries to Aliens Occasioned by Terrorist Activities. Am. U.L. Rev., 26, 217.
Parker, C. & Noack, R. (2020, January 2). Iran has invested in allies and proxies across the Middle East. Here\\\\\\\\\\\\'s where they stand after Soleimani\\\\\\\\\\\\'s death. Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2020/01/03/iran-has-invested-allies-proxies-across-middle-east-heres-where-they-stand-after-soleimanis-death/
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