Morality Essays (Examples)
Study Document
The Character Of Polonius In Hamlet
...Morality Polonius: A Literature Review
As chief counselor to the king of Denmark, Polonius plays an important and nefarious role in Shakespeare’s Hamlet—yet his words are often quoted out of context and it is Polonius, the spying, lying, manipulating old fool of a father and counselor who gives one of Shakespeare’s most memorable lines: “To thine own self be true!” (Shakespeare 1.3.564). Polonius shows of course that it matters not if one is being true to one’s self because the self is a chameleon that shifts and changes depending on the environment: Polonius adapts his character to the situation, as does Hamlet, Ophelia, Claudius, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and so on (Wilson; Landy). Horatio is one of the few characters who consistently expresses himself from scene to scene; the others attempt to deceive regularly, and deceive themselves throughout. Instead of being true to God or to others, Polonius’s counsel is essentially a……
References
Works Cited
Cox, Roger L. Between earth and heaven: Shakespeare, Dostoevsky, and the meaning of Christian tragedy. Holt McDougal, 1969.
Di, Poona Mtrive. \\\\\\"Unraveling Hamlet’s Spiritual and Sexual Journeys: An Inter- critical Detour via the Gita and Gandhi.\\\\\\" Shakespeare’s Asian Journeys. Routledge, 2016. 75-86.
Farahmandfar, Masoud, and Gholamreza Samigorganroodi. \\\\\\"\\\\\\" To Thine Own Self Be True\\\\\\": Existentialism in Hamlet and The Blind Owl.\\\\\\" International Journal of Comparative Literature and Translation Studies 3.2 (2015): 25-31.
Felce, Ian. \\\\\\"In Search of Amlóða saga: The Saga of Hamlet the Icelander.\\\\\\" Studies in the Transmission and Reception of Old Norse Literature: The Hyperborean Muse in European Culture. Edited by Judy Quinn and Adele Cipolla (2016): 101-22.
Hadfield, Andrew. \\\\\\"Jonson and Shakespeare in an Age of Lying.\\\\\\" Ben Jonson Journal 23.1 (2016): 52-74.
Landy, Joshua. \\\\\\"To Thine Own Selves Be True-ish.\\\\\\" Shakespeare\\\\\\'s Hamlet: Philosophical Perspectives (2017): 154.
Wilson, Jeffrey R. What Shakespeare Says About Sending Our Children Off to College. No. 402071. 2016. https://www.aaup.org/article/what-shakespeare-says-about-sending-our-children-college
Study Document
Rights And The French Revolution
...Morality The Rights of Man and Revolution in France
Introduction
Despite the push to eradicate a class based system during the Enlightenment and events leading up to the French Revolution, it was replaced instead by classes based on property and wealth rather than nobility. Two leading figures for and against the new classes were Robespierre and Sieyes. Sieyes supported separating voting rights from human rights while Robespierre believed voting rights were inherent rights of man. Robespierre’s ideals deteriorated as he gained power. The rights of man were essentially an Enlightenment notion. Thomas Paine had written The Rights of Man in 1791 as the French Revolution was underway and he had even gone there to show his support for it; however, Robespierre had him locked away and schedule for execution, not trusting the American. In short, France was a hotbed of insurrection, chaos, mistrust, and change. The politics of governance were in……
References
Bibliography
Abbe Sieyes. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Preliminary to the French Constitution.\\\\\\\\\\\\" In The French Revolution and Human Rights: A Brief History with Documents, 2nd Edition, edited by Lynn Hunt, 78. Boston: Bedford, 2016.
Cook, Malcolm. Elections in the French Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
“French Constitution, Rights of Man and Citizen,” Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, accessed November 8, 2019, http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/55
Higonnet, Patrice. “The Harmonization of the Spheres,” The French Revolution and the Creation of Modern Political Culture, vol. 4, The Terror. Emerald Publishing, 1994.
Hunt, Lynn. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Introduction: The Revolutionary Origins of Human Rights.\\\\\\\\\\\\" In The French Revolution and Human Rights: A Brief History with Documents, 2nd Edition, edited by Lynn Hunt, 1-31. Boston: Bedford, 2016
Jones, Colin. The Great Nation. London: Penguin Books, 2003
Lembcke, Oliver, and Weber, Florian. “Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès : The Essential Political Writings.” 1 st ed. Vol. 9
Montesquieu. “Montesquieu on Government Systems (1748).” French Revolution, January 18, 2018. Accessed November 4, 2019, https://alphahistory.com/frenchrevolution/montesquieu-on-government-systems-1748/
Study Document
Angleton S Counterintelligence Program And What Went Wrong
...Morality Counterintelligence Thesis Proposal
Abstract
This proposal describes the need for an ethical standard in counterintelligence. It discusses how an analysis of the formation of the counterintelligence program under Angleton can provide insight into what went wrong with counterintelligence and how those problems can be prevented in the future. It uses a combination of conflict theory, structural functionalism and critical theory to explore the dimensions of counterintelligence in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. The research design is qualitative with the case study approach to Angleton’s counterintelligence serving as the method. The aim of the research is to provide an ethical framework that could be used to help the counterintelligence enterprise collaborate more effectively with the private sector in the future.
Introduction
Intelligence and counterintelligence operations have always been a part of the American Republic (Federation of American Scientists 1996). General Washington was aware of the threat of foreign espionage and the……
References
Reference List
Bailey, Christopher and Susan M. Galich. “Codes of Ethics: The Intelligence Community.” International Journal of Intelligence Ethics 35.2 (2012), 77-99.
Bartos, C. and P. Wehr. 2002. Using conflict theory. UK: University of Cambridge.
Bellaby, Ross. "What's the Harm? The Ethics of Intelligence Collection." Intelligence and National Security 27, no. 1 (2012): 93-117.
Church Committee. “Final report of the Select committee to study governmental operations With respect to Intelligence activities United states senate Together with Additional, supplemental, and separate Views.” Intelligence.senate.gov, 1976. https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/94755_I.pdf
Coyne, John, Peter Bell, and Shannon Merrington. "Exploring ethics in intelligence and the role of leadership." Interntional Journal of Business and Commerce 2, no. 10 (2013): 27-37.
Erskine, Toni. "'As Rays of Light to the Human Soul'? Moral Agents and Intelligence Gathering." Intelligence & National Security 19, no. 2 (2004): 359-381.
Nakashima, Ellen. “Top counterintelligence official challenges the private sector to step up defenses against foreign spying.” Washington Post, 2020. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/top-counterintelligence-official-challenges-the-private-sector-to-step-up-defenses-against-foreign-spying/2020/02/10/d842d83c-4c15-11ea-9b5c-eac5b16dafaa_story.html Pfaff, T., & Tiel, J. R. (2004). The ethics of espionage. Journal of Military Ethics, 3(1), 1-15.
Study Document
Foxtrot Phone Scandal
...Morality Foxtrot Phone Scandal - Case Study
Ethical dilemmas and issues are common in different areas in public and private sectors. These dilemmas and issues are attributable to the emergence of different situations in the work setting. Therefore, addressing these issues is critical toward promoting a suitable work environment and interactions with others. Cooper (2012) states that a decision making model is essential in addressing ethical issues as it helps in moving from a problem to developing a course of action to resolve the issue. An example of an ethical dilemma or issue relates to Foxtrot Phone Scandal. Foxtrot Company comprises nearly one hundred cadets from all four classes in the United States Coast Guard Academy. The company is one of the eight firms that constitute the Corps of Cadets. Cadets in this class at the academy are committed to the values of honor and dedication to duty. The ethical dilemma……
References
References
Cooper, T.L. (2012). The responsible administrator: An approach to ethics for the administrative role (6th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
European Ombudsman. (2012, November 15). Ensuring Ethics in Public Administration: The Role of the Ombudsman. Retrieved June 7, 2020, from https://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/en/speech/en/49379
Kapstein, M. (2015). The Battle for Business Ethics: A Struggle Theory. Journal of Business Ethics, 144, 343-361.
Ondrova, D. (2017). Challenges of Modern Public Administration and Ethical Decision-Making. RAP, 3, 255-279.
Singh, A.K. & Mishra, N.K. (2018). Ethical Theory & Business – A Study Based on Utilitarianism and Kantianism. International Journal of Humanities and Social Development Research, 2(1), 97-113.
Stein, C. (2019, January 25). Ethical Considerations in Public Administration. PA Times. Retrieved June 7, 2020, from https://patimes.org/ethical-considerations-in-public-administration/
Study Document
Agency Theory And The Limitations Of Representative Government
...Morality The Political Nature of the Federal Budget Process
Introduction
The federal budget process is overseen by US Congressmen, who are fundamentally immersed in the political nature of government. As Elwood (2008) notes, members of Congress are influenced in three ways: 1) by money that is used to finance their political campaigns; 2) by obtaining the votes necessary for reelection; and 3) by obtaining expert advice on topics that are of personal importance to them. The federal budget process is particularly impactful on the first two and vice versa. For example, “the ability to funnel money into a congressional district or state provides an excellent opportunity for a legislator to remain in office” (Elwood, 2008, p. 3). This ability creates a conflict of interest among the politicians overseeing the budget process. On the one hand they are tasked with producing a budget resolution and allocating funds based on the duty to……
References
References
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Agency theory: An assessment and review. Academy of management review, 14(1), 57-74.
Elwood, T. W. (2008). Politics of the US Federal Budget Process. International quarterly of community health education, 28(1), 3-12.
Jennings, M. (2008). Business Ethics: Case Studies and Selected Readings. Cengage.
Machold, S., Ahmed, P.K., & Farquhar, S.S. (2007). Corporate Governance and Ethics: A Feminist Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics (2008) 81:665-678.
ProActive Solutions. (2020). Agency theory. Retrieved from http://knowledgegrab.com/learners-zone/study-support/performance-management-review/framework-introduction-to-hrm/agency-theory/
Study Document
Arguments To Vaccinate Or To Not Vaccinate
...Morality To vaccinate or to not?
In summary, the article takes into consideration the consequences that would come about if a parent would make the decision not to vaccinate his or her child. Significantly, the article provides a supposed instance whereby a child that is not vaccinated ends up infecting another child. The comprehension of epidemiological illnesses like measles makes it possible that a persuasive causal association can be created between the decision not to carry out vaccination, and a letdown of not undertaking suitable precautions to isolate a non-vaccinated child who might have been exposed to the illness from highly susceptible persons, and a demise. In a nutshell, the main argument made by the article is that regardless of whether a parent chooses not to vaccinate a child based on exemptions provided by state law, such a decision does not generate full safeguard against liability for the adverse ramifications of……
References
References
Caplan, A. L., Hoke, D., Diamond, N. J., & Karshenboyem, V. (2012). Free to choose but liable for the consequences: should non-vaccinators be penalized for the harm they do? The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 40(3), 606-611.
National Conference of State Legislatures. (2020). States With Religious and Philosophical Exemptions From School Immunization Requirements. Retrieved from: https://www.ncsl.org/research/health/school-immunization-exemption-state-laws.aspx
Nelson, K. E., & Williams, C. M. (Eds.). (2014). Infectious disease epidemiology: theory and practice. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
Study Document
The Bell Jar Shows How Shock Therapy Makes Women Strong
...Morality How Esther is a Model of a Self-Sufficient Woman in The Bell Jar
Introduction
Sylvia Plath’s first person narrator in The Bell Jar comes across as a Holden Caulfield type—a disaffected, somewhat lost, but highly intelligent individual capable of critical thought and therefore exceedingly lonely in a world of conformists, who seem to show no desire to question anything or to know themselves. The narrator of Plath’s novel is Esther Greenwood—a young woman living in New York, a city she loathes. As a result of an acute sense of not being able to fit in anywhere, Esther suffers from depression and tries to kill herself. She ends up receiving a number of shock therapies—such as insulin shock therapy and electroshock therapy—before finally beginning to feel free to be her own person without fear. From a Feminist Criticism perspective, it can be argued that Esther is the model of a strong,……
References
References
Alberga-Parisi, A., & Pope, B. (2018). Loss and the Perfection Crucible in The Bell Jar and The Catcher in the Rye. When Loss Gets Personal: Discussing Death through Literature in the Secondary ELA Classroom, 141.
Bell, E. (2016). Adolescence and Liminality in Carson McCullers’ Short Fiction. In Childhood through the Looking Glass (pp. 89-98). Brill.
Codina, N., & Pestana, J. V. (2019). Time Matters Differently in Leisure Experience for Men and Women: Leisure Dedication and Time Perspective. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(14), 2513.
Effthimiou, O., & Franco, Z. (2017). Heroic intelligence: The hero\\\\\\'s journey as an evolutionary and existential blueprint. Journal of Genius and Eminence, 2(2).
Plath, S. (1996). The bell jar. New York, NY: HarperCollins.
Short, E. C., ed. (1991). Forms of curriculum inquiry. New York, NY: SUNY Press.
Tyson, L. (2006). Critical theory today: A user-friendly guide. New York, NY: Routledge.
Study Document
Marcus Aurelius
...Morality Comparing Marcus Aurelius and His Stoicism with Rousseau s Libertinism
Marcus Aurelius: What Has Been Lost
Natural law ethics were articulated by Aristotle in classical Greek philosophy and have been a mainstay of Western philosophy ever since, being discussed by Roman philosophers, early Church Fathers and Scholastics in the Middle Ages. It was not until the Reformation and the Age of Enlightenment when modern society began to reject the Old World values where natural law conformed with moral law. Enlightenment philosophers like Jean-Jacques Rousseau abandoned the notion of Original Sin and of fallen human nature and viewed natural law from a liberal perspective in which every human impulse was deemed good regardless of whether form followed function (Laux). For Rousseau liberty was what mattered most, and that meant rejection of the order of the medieval Church and of the doctrines of sin and redemption. It also meant rejecting the natural……
References
Works Cited
Anderson, Ryan. “Sex Reassignment Doesn’t Work. Here Is the Evidence.” Heritage, 2018. https://www.heritage.org/gender/commentary/sex-reassignment-doesnt-work-here-the-evidence
Aurelius, Marcus. Book One. Meditations. http://classics.mit.edu/Antoninus/meditations.1.one.html
Aurelius, Marcus. Book Two. Meditations. http://classics.mit.edu/Antoninus/meditations.2.two.html
Laux, J. Church History. New York: Benziger Brothers, 1933.
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. Emile. https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/rousseau-emile-or-education
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. The Social Contract. https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/rousseau-the-social-contract-and-discourses
Strange, Steven (ed). Stoicism: Traditions and Transformations. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2004.
Study Document
Solitary Confinement And Mental Health Issues In Corrections
...Morality Functions, Issues, and Objectives in Corrections
Introduction
The functions of the historical state correctional system have changed since the founding of the nation more than 200 years ago. The Jacksonian Era, the Era of Reconstruction and the Progressive Era on up to the reform of the 1970s all effected different changes to the function—i.e., the goals and activities—of the correctional system. Pennsylvania’s state correctional system was the first to introduce solitary confinement as a way of removing the deviant element from society. This was part of William Penn’s attempt at social reform, a fundamental characteristic of his Quaker ideals (Fantel, 1974). The goal of Penn’s plan was to promote moral rehabilitation and it was believed that through the inmate’s lengthy time alone to reflect on his misdeeds he would begin to develop the moral resolve to reform himself and become a better contributing member of society. Today, solitary confinement is……
References
References
Clemmer, D. (1940). The prison community. New Braunfels, TX: Christopher Publishing House.
Compton, M. T., Anderson, S., Broussard, B., Ellis, S., Halpern, B., Pauselli, L., . . .Johnson, M. (2017). A potential new form of jail diversion and reconnection to mental health services: II. Demonstration of feasibility. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 35(5–6), 492–500. doi:10.1002/bsl.2319
Corrections Arizona Department. (2020). Retrieved from https://corrections.az.gov/location/110/kingman
Dryburgh, M. (2009). Policy implications of whistle-blowing: The case of Corcoran State Prison. Public Integrity, 11(2): 155-170.
Fantel, H. (1974). William Penn: Apostle of Dissent. NY: William Morrow & Co. Florida Department of Corrections. (2020). Retrieved from
https://twitter.com/FL_Corrections/status/1234884340296843266
Hensley, J. & Rough, G. (2011). Kingman prison still under scrutiny. Retrieved from http://archive.azcentral.com/news/articles/2011/01/30/20110130kingman-prison-still-under-scrutiny0130.html
HIV among Incarcerated Populations. (2015). CDC. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/group/correctional.html
Study Document
Effectiveness Of The War On Drugs
...Morality Outline
I. Introduction
A. History of drugs, cross-cultural perspective
1. Opium wars (ACLU, 2020)
2. Since Nixon, the modern “war on drugs” (Pearl, 2018)
3. History of drug use in different societies (ACLU, 2020)
B. History of government intervention in the private lives of individuals via drug policy (ACLU, 2020); Baumbauer, 2012).
C. Effects of the war on drugs
1. Is it effective? Quantify the deaths related to the WOD, as well as the social entropy in communities, families, and within individuals (London, 2005; Pearl, 2018)
2. Criminalization distracting attention from more central concerns linked to capitalism, psychological wellbeing, and healthcare (ACLU, 2020; Coyne & Hall, 2017; London, 2005).
3. National sovereignty issues and global perspective (Coomber, Moyle, Belackova, et al., 2018; Von Hoffman, 2016).
II. Theoretical Discussion
A. Race, class, power perspectives (Netherland & Hansen, 2017; Putt, Payne & Milner 2005; Taylor, Buchanan & Aynes, 2016).
B. Government, public……
References
References
ACLU (2020). Against drug prohibition. Retrieved from: https://www.aclu.org/other/against-drug-prohibition
“America is At War,” (n.d.). Retrieved from: https://web.stanford.edu/class/e297c/poverty_prejudice/paradox/htele.html
Bambauer, J. Y. (2012). How the war on drugs distorts privacy law. Stanford Law Review 62(2012). Retrieved from: https://www.stanfordlawreview.org/online/how-the-war-on-drugs-distorts-privacy-law/
Benson, B.L., Kim., I., Rasmussen, D.W., et al. (1992, 2006). Is property crime caused by drug use or by drug enforcement policy? Applied Economics 24(7): 679-692.
Best, D., Irving, J. & Albertson, K. (2016). Recovery and desistance: what the emerging recovery movement in the alcohol and drug area can learn from models of desistance from offending. Addiction Research & Theory 25(1): 1-10.
Coomber, R., Moyle, L., Belackova, V., et al. (2018). The burgeoning recognition and accommodation of the social supply of drugs in international criminal justice systems: An eleven-nation comparative overview. International Journal of Drug Policy 58(2018): 98-103.
Coyne, C.J. & Hall, A. R. (2017). Four decades and counting. CATO Institute. Retrieved from: https://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/four-decades-counting-continued-failure-war-drugs
Farabee, D., Prendergast, M. & Anglin, M.D. (1998). The effectiveness of coerced treatment for drug-abusing offenders. 62 Fed. Probation 3 (1998).
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