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… contract. Because of his desire for personal power, Eisner did not delegate duties. To further this endeavor, he adopted a top-down decision making model where the company fade criticism as lacking engagement in many of the critical decisions made by the top management (Bright & Eisner, 1987). … many of the critical decisions made by the top management (Bright & Eisner, 1987). To avoid any efforts by the Board challenging his leadership style, Eisner ensured that the Board was made up of individuals who were loyal to him, and the top leadership positions in the company were held by persons who has a personal relationship with him.
The second political factor that precipitated the downfall … “Toxic Triangle” and how it informs Eisner’s case
The Toxic Triangle, as described by Forbes and Watson (2010), is a destructive form of leadership that is characterized by loyalty biases in the Board……
References
Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (2017). Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. John Wiley & Sons.
Bright, R., & Eisner, M. (1987). Disneyland: Inside Story. Harry N. Abrams, Incorporated, Publishers.
Downes, M., Russ, G. S., & Ryan, P. A. (2007). Michael Eisner and His Reign at Disney. Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies, 13(3), 71-81.
Forbes, W., & Watson, R. (2010, July). Destructive Corporate Leadership and Board Loyalty Bias: A case study of Michael Eisner’s long tenure at Disney Corporation. In Working Paper presented at the Behavioural Finance Working Group Conference, Cass Business School.
Sasnett, B., & Ross, T. (2007). Leadership frames and perceptions of effectiveness among health information management program directors. Perspectives in health information management/AHIMA, American Health Information Management Association, 4.
van Weezel, A. (2006). A Behavioural Approach to Leadership: The case of Michael Eisner and Disney. In Leadership in the Media Industry: Changing Contexts, Emerging Challenges (pp. 169–178). Jönköping: Media Management and Transformation Centre, Jönköping International Business School.
Study Document
...Leadership model Theory and Practice of Business Psychology
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 3
2 Motivators in the Workplace 3
2.1 Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of Workplace Motivation 3
2.2 Vroom’s Expectancy Theory 5
2.3 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory 7
2.3.1 Primary Motivators in the Workplace 8
2.3.2 Secondary Motivators in the Workplace 10
2.4 Extent of the Impact of Primary Motivators 12
3 References 12
Introduction
Motivation can be delineated as a psychosomatic feature, which urges individuals to achieve both personal and organizational objectives. In the workplace context, it is deemed to be the incentives that trigger and drive the employees to obtain better job performance and make a contribution to more substantial efforts (Asim, 2013). For an organization to compete efficaciously in the international market, it is essential to design jobs, and duties in a way that stress id diminished, and the levels of employee satisfaction and motivation, as well……
References
Asim, M., 2013. Impact of Motivation on Employee Performance with effect of training: Specific to Education Sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(9), 1-9.
Heneman, H. G., & Schwab, D. P., 1972. Evaluation of research on expectancy theory predictions of employee performance. Psychological Bulletin, 78(1), 1.
Herzberg, F., 1987. One More Time: How Do You Motivate Employees? Harvard Business Review, 65, 5.
Herzberg, F., Mausner, B. & Snyderman, B. 1959. The motivation to work. New York. John Wiley.
Hilgert, R. L., Leonard, E. C., 2001. Supervision: Concepts and practices of management. New York: South-Western College Publication.
Johnson & Johnson., 2020. Wellness 360: 9 Innovative Johnson & Johnson Employee Benefits for Mind, Body, and Budget. Retrieved 25 February 2020 from https://www.jnj.com/health-and-wellness/innovative-employee-benefits-and-wellness-programs-from-johnson-johnson
Johnson & Johnson., 2020. Careers: Healthiest Finances. Retrieved 25 February 2020 from https://www.careers.jnj.com/employee-benefits/financial-benefits .
Johnson & Johnson. , 2018. 2018 Health for Humanity Report: Creating Unique Career Opportunities. Retrieved 25 February 2020 from https://healthforhumanityreport.jnj.com/our-people/creating-unique-career-opportunities
Study Document
...Leadership model Human Resource Frame
Overview of the Organization
The Walt Disney Company is one of the largest media and entertainment companies in the world. Its products and services meet the needs of billions of consumers around the world, through storytelling and the creation of fantasy and entertainment. In order to produce these outcomes, the Disney Company needs to engage around 200,000 employees (Forbes, 2018). The Walt Disney Company is ranked as one of the best companies to work for. The essential strategy of Disney is that they company requires its employees to create amazing experiences for guests and consumers. In order to do this, the employees themselves must be inspired, and committed to delivering those types of experiences. The human resources frame can be utilized to explain how Disney is able to inspire 200,000 employees to deliver amazing experiences.
Human Resources Frame
Bolman and Deal describe the four frames by which……
References
BLS (2020). The employment situation – January 2020. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved March 2, 2020 from https://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/empsit.pdf
Bricker, J. (2020) Disney World investing millions on cast morale. Disney Tourist Blog Retrieved March 2, 2020 from https://www.disneytouristblog.com/disney-world-investing-millions-cast-morale/
Business Balls (2020) Four frame model – Bolman and Deal. Business Balls. Retrieved March 2, 2020 from https://www.businessballs.com/leadership-models/four-frame-model-bolman-and-deal/
Forbes (2018) World’s best employers. Forbes. Retrieved March 2, 2020 from https://www.forbes.com/companies/walt-disney/?list=world-best-employers/#394d24715730
Jones, B. (2018) How Disney empowers its employees to deliver exceptional customer service. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved March 2, 2020 from https://hbr.org/sponsored/2018/02/how-disney-empowers-its-employees-to-deliver-exceptional-customer-service
McLeod, S. (2011) Bolman & Deal frameworks. Big Think. Retrieved March 2, 2020 from https://bigthink.com/bolman-deal-frameworks
Sammer, J. (2019) 5 takeaways from Disney’s tuition benefits. SRHM.org. Retrieved March 2, 2020 from https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/hr-topics/benefits/pages/5-takeaways-from-disney-tuition-benefits-approach.aspx
Walt Disney Company (2020) website, various pages. Retrieved March 2, 2020 from https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/forbes-ranks-disney-among-worlds-best-employers-for-2018/
Study Document
...Leadership model Followers and what they need from Leaders during Crisis
Introduction
A crisis is a serious event with the potential to disrupt an organization. The fact that a crisis can negatively affect a business is the reason why leaders need to prepare for and resolve crises when they occur (Carrington, Combe & Mumford, 2019). Perhaps one of the most important things leaders must do to resolve crises is to understand them thoroughly. This is because crises can have several obvious and hidden meanings and consequences. Upon thoroughly understanding crises, leaders can then form teams to plan on what to do. So leaders play an important role in resolving crises. This is the reason why when crises emerge, followers often seek direction/ guidance from their leaders. This paper investigates what exactly followers seek or need from their leaders during crises.
Methodology and results
This research involved the use of a qualitative design……
References
Birnbaum, T., & Friedman, H. H. (2014). Ezra and Nehemiah: Lessons in Moral and Spiritual Leadership. Available at SSRN 2390230.
Carrington, D. J., Combe, I. A., & Mumford, M. D. (2019). Cognitive shifts within leader and follower teams: Where consensus develops in mental models during an organizational crisis. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(3), 335-350.
Harter, J. (2019). Why Some Leaders Have Their Employees\\\\\\' Trust, and Some Don\\\\\\'t. Workplace. Gallup.
Hofmeyr, K., Cook, J., & Richardson, A. (2011). How leaders generate hope in their followers. South African Journal of Labour Relations, 35(2), 47-66.
Kranke, D., Gin, J., Der-Martirosian, C., Weiss, E. L., & Dobalian, A. (2020). VA social work leadership and compassion fatigue during the 2017 hurricane season. Social Work in Mental Health, 18(2), 188-199.
Patton, C. (2017). What made Nehemiah an effective leader?. Journal of Applied Christian Leadership, 1(1), 8-14.
Rogers, A. P., & Barber, L. K. (2019). Workplace intrusions and employee strain: the interactive effects of extraversion and emotional stability. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 32(3), 312-328.
Skeet, A. (2020, April 4). Ethical Followership in Times of Crisis. Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, Santa Clara University.
Study Document
… Musk of Tesla, Alex Gorsky of Johnson & Johnson, and Jeff Skilling of Enron. These leaders have various strengths and faults and their leadership approaches are all different and to some extent based on their own personalities and styles of management. Some have met with more success … some have met with more failure. Gorsky has succeeded at leading Johnson & Johnson for the past 8 years. Skilling failed in his leadership role at Enron and was jailed for fraud. Musk has seen a string of successes and failures during the course of his tenure … that it is an action a leader takes to have an impact on followers immediately and the organization overall. Lunenburg (2012) states that leadership itself is an influence process, and by this he means that what are often called leadership styles—such as transformational leadership, servant leadership, democratic leadership, or authoritarian leadership—are really influence……
References
Bromley, H. R. (2007). Are you a transformational leader?. Physician Executive, 33(6), 54.
Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2014). Do role models matter? An investigation of role modeling as an antecedent of perceived ethical leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(4), 587-598.
Chamers, M.M. (2014). An Integrative Theory of Leadership (4thed.). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
De Vries, M.F.K. (1998). Charisma in action: The transformational abilities of Virgin's Richard Branson and ABB's Percy Barnevik. Organizational Dynamics, 26(3), 7-21.
Healthcare Technology Report. (2019). Alex Gorsky is the all-American CEO. Retrieved from https://thehealthcaretechnologyreport.com/alex-gorsky-is-the-all-american-ceo/
Holmes, A. (2007). Ethics: Approaching moral decisions. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.
Kameda, T., Ohtsubo, Y., & Takezawa, M. (1997). Centrality in sociocognitive networks and social influence: An illustration in a group decision-making context. Journal of personality and social psychology, 73(2), 296.
Kolodny, L. (2018). Elon Musk’s extreme micromanagement has wasted time and money at Tesla, insiders say. Retrieved from https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/19/tesla-ceo-elon-musk-extreme-micro-manager.html
Study Document
Life of a historical leader: Nelson Mandela
Introduction
Efficient leadership constitutes the main force resulting in ethical culture formation and bolstered ethicality in making decisions (Ferrell & Fraedrich, 2015). The term leadership denotes intrinsic capability of commanding and leading other people towards any specified goal. The process of leadership entails formulation of a vision and ideas, adopting and sticking to values which support the aforementioned visions, engaging in tricky decision-making whenever needed, … aforementioned visions, engaging in tricky decision-making whenever needed, and utilizing one's innate charisma for inspiring followers to also stick to those values. Sound leadership aids companies with vision creation that serves as the basis for corporate values. Ethical decisions form an important component of efficient leaders, in … defense and recommendation of the concepts of correct and incorrect conduct (Fisher & Lovell, 2006). Every professional must necessarily follow ethics codes. Ethical leadership results in the development of……
References
Daft, R. L. (2010). Organization theory and design, 10th Edition. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Ferrell, O. C., & Fraedrich, J. (2015). Business ethics: Ethical decision making & cases. Nelson Education.
Fisher, C., & Lovell, A. (2006). Business Ethics and Values: Individual, Corporate and International Perspectives. FT Prentice Hall.
Glad, B., & Blanton, R. (1997). FW de Klerk and Nelson Mandela: A study in cooperative transformational leadership. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 27(3), 565-590.
Masbagusdanta, K. (2013). Everyone Can Be a Moral Leader. Global ethics network. Retrieved from https://www.globalethicsnetwork.org/profiles/blogs/everyone-can-be-a-moral-leader
Schoemaker, P.J.H. & Krupp, S. (2014). 6 principles that made Nelson Mandela a renowned leader. Fortune. Retrieved from https://fortune.com/2014/12/05/6-principles-that-made-nelson-mandela-a-renowned-leader/
Tutu, D. (2013). Nelson Mandela: A colossus of unimpeachable moral character. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/nelson-mandela-a-colossus-of-unimpeachable-moral-character/2013/12/06/0a2cd28a-5ec9-11e3-be07-006c776266ed_story.html
Study Document
Annotated bibliography: Management and Accounting Challenges facing Transformational Leaders: Service and Technology
Carreiro, H., & Oliveira, T. (2019). Impact of transformational leadership on the diffusion of innovation in firms: Application to mobile cloud computing. Computers in Industry, 107, 104-113.
The authors of this article maintain that leadership forms one of the main factors for organizational adoption of successful innovation. But researchers have yet to delve into the subject of leadership elements impacting adoption stages (namely, initiation, implementation, and ‘routinization’). This research involved authors formulating and empirically testing a model based on transformational leadership elements as well as diffusion of innovation model phases, utilizing PLS technique and information from as many as 154 companies, for studying the implementation of novel technology, namely MCC (mobile cloud … to implementation intent. In contrast, supportive leaders are a driving factor for implementation as well as ‘routinization.’ This research work’s outcomes reveal that leadership vision, together with……
References
Al Ahmad, S., Easa, N. F., & Mostapha, N. (2019). The Effect of Transformational Leadership on Innovation: Evidence from Lebanese Banks. European Research Studies Journal, 22(4), 215-240.
Aldholay, A. H., Isaac, O., Abdullah, Z., & Ramayah, T. (2018). The role of transformational leadership as a mediating variable in DeLone and McLean information system success model: The context of online learning usage in Yemen. Telematics and Informatics, 35(5), 1421-1437.
Carreiro, H., & Oliveira, T. (2019). Impact of transformational leadership on the diffusion of innovation in firms: Application to mobile cloud computing. Computers in Industry, 107, 104-113.
Zappalà, S., & Toscano, F. (2019). Transformational leadership and innovation adoption: Is there a moderation role of personal initiative and job control?. Psychologica, 119.
Zhang, Y., Zheng, J., & Darko, A. (2018). How does transformational leadership promote innovation in construction? The mediating role of innovation climate and the multilevel moderation role of project requirements. Sustainability, 10(5), 1506.
Study Document
… defined mission statement acts as a “guideline for employee behavior and decision making,” (p. 59). The protocols for inter-departmental and intra-departmental communication, for leadership, and for all types of strategic planning impact the structure of the organization. By the same token, the structure of the organization will ……
References
Ahmed, A. (2019). Importance of mission vision in organizational strategy. The Chronicle. Retrieved from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/importance-mission-vision-organizational-strategy-16000.html
Daft, R.L. (2013). Organizational theory and design. Boston: Cengage.
Metcalf, T. (n.d.). Contingency theory of organization. The Chronicle. Retrieved from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/contingency-theory-organization-73865.html
Morgan, G. (2006). Images of organization. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Sire, J.W. (2009). The universe next door. Intervarsity.
Suhomlinova, O. & Currie, G. (2016). Organizational contingencies. The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405165518.wbeoso019.pub2
Study Document
… revealed that Uber’s drivers will continue to be classified as contractors. Though the company has viewed this as a victory for its business model, there are plenty of problems that remain as a result of this continuation of what many drivers view as an inappropriate classification. This … is the ones who rely upon the work full-time who feel exploited and rightly so. Uber has displaced the traditional taxi cab business model and undermined the taxi driver’s occupation with its app business that contracts out driving services to independent drivers.
There are indirect issues with … the traditional driver for hire industry with its app. The fact that federal…[break]…issue of driver employment status.
Reflection from a Christian Perspective
Christian leadership focuses on servant leadership. It puts the needs of others first—i.e., it puts stakeholder interests ahead of its own. Another way to put it is that the … of……
References
Bhuiyan, J. (2018). Uber’s sleek new product? Your safety. Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/2018/9/6/17824294/uber-safety-product-feature s
Bond, S. (2019). Uber Received Nearly 6,000 U.S. Sexual Assault Claims In Past 2 Years. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2019/12/05/785037245/uber-received-nearly-6-000-u-s-sexual-assault-claims-in-past-2-year s
Kaltner, J. (2018). Employment status of uber and lyft drivers: Unsettlingly settled. Hastings Women's LJ, 29, 29.
Malos, S., Lester, G. V., & Virick, M. (2018). Uber drivers and employment status in the gig economy: Should corporate social responsibility tip the scales?. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 30(4), 239-251.
North, A. (2019). It’s not just passengers being assaulted in Ubers. Drivers are at risk, too. Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/2019/12/7/20998646/uber-safety-report-sexual-assault-lyft-case s
Rapier, G. (2019). Uber scored a major victory when the US government ruled drivers aren't employees, but not everyone is happy. Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com/uber-drivers-disappointed-ruling-not-employees-2019-5
Reingold, J. (2013). Southwest’s Herb Kelleher: Still crazy after all these years. Retrieved from http://fortune.com/2013/01/14/southwests-herb-kelleher-still-crazy-after-all-these-years/
Rogers, B. (2016). Employment rights in the platform economy: Getting back to basics. Harv. L. & Pol'y Rev., 10, 479.
Study Document
Introduction to the Incident Command System (ICS)
The Incident Command System (ICS) is a standardized organization model or method for incident response and management during disasters. The system is made up of standard management and leadership hierarchy procedures, including processes meant to support various types of incidents. It does not just respect jurisdictional and agency authority, but also supports … the disaster response requires; standardized rules, tools, and routines maintenance; and deployment of reliable management methods as the major factors responsible for ICS model’s success. Cardwell and Cooney (2000) put emphasis on standardization as the major factor that leads to ICS application across and within agencies and … the major factor that leads to ICS application across and within agencies and organizations.
ICS has two major pros that include a standardized leadership structure within and among disaster response teams and external partners, and predetermined external and internal alignments. People with……
References
AmeriCorps St. Louis. (2016). “Missouri Winter Flooding 2016.” Retrieved from https://www. americorps-stl.org/our-teams/emergency-response-team/disaster-deployment-archive/missouri-winter-flooding-2016/.
Buck, Dick A., Joseph E. Trainor, and Benigno E. Aguirre. (2006). “A Critical Evaluation of the Incident Command System and NIMS.” Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 3(3).
Bigley, Gregory A. and Karlene H. Roberts. (2001). “The Incident Command System: High-Reliability Organizing for Complex and Volatile Task Environments.” Academy of Management Journal, 44(6): 1281-1299.
Butterfield, Karen. (2016, January 21). “AmeriCorps Helping Flood Victims Find Place to Stay.” The Missourian. Retrieved from http://www.emissourian.com/local_news/washington/americorps-helping-flood-victims-find-place-to-stay/article_56f75bab-87de-5198-843e-bdfdb8229b5a.html.
Cardwell, Michael D. and Patrick T. Cooney. (2000). “Nationwide Application of the Incident Command System: Standardization Is the Key.” FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 69.10: 10-16.
Cole, Dana. (2000). The Incident Command System: A 25-Year Evaluation by California Practitioners. National Fire Academy.
Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS). (2014). “Disaster Response Framework.” Retrieved from http://www.nationalservice.gov/sites/default/files/documents/CNCS%20DSU%20 Disaster%20Response%20Framework.pdf.
Dynes, Russell Rowe. (1970). Organized Behavior in Disaster. Lexington, MA: Heath Lexington.
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