Hypothesis Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Hypothesis Testing
-Provide an example of a hypothesis where a one-tailed hypothesis
test would be used.
An example of a one-tailed test is testing the claim that the mean score of the gender male is … mean score of the gender male is higher than the scores of the gender female in public institutions.
-Provide an example of a hypothesis where a two-tailed hypothesis
test would be used.
An example in this case is testing the claim that the mean scores between the gender male and the … the female are different in public high schools in the United States.
-If a researcher has set alpha at 0.05 for a two-tailed hypothesis test,
what is the p-value required to reject the null hypothesis?
The null hypothesis is rejected when the p-value is less than or equal to 0.05
-A researcher has set alpha at 0.05. When the researcher analyzes … experiment using……
Study Document
Developing A Research Hypothesis
...Hypothesis Abstract
Developing a researchable question is one of the challenging tasks a researcher encounters when initiating a project. In current clinical practice, both unanswered issues or when experiences dictate alternative therapies may provoke an investigator to formulate a clinical research question. This paper describes PICO (population, intervention, control, and outcomes) criteria in framing a research question. Finally, it assesses the characteristics of a peer-reviewed article on urinary tract infections.
Part 1
EBM, shorthand for Evidence-Based Medicine, is a core aspect of the medical profession. EBM provides statistical analyses and matters of clinical concern. It is based on research, reading, analysis, and combining many papers generated within the medical fraternity. EBM applications based on research evidence and clinical knowledge and reviews of the system go a long way in improving clinical decisions. Usually, the PICO guideline is applied in developing a comprehensive, focused definition of clinical concern. In such a system,……
References
References
Considine, J., Shaban, R. Z., Fry, M., & Curtis, K. (2017). Evidence-based emergency nursing: designing a research question and searching the literature. International emergency nursing, 32, 78-82.
Eriksen, M. B., & Frandsen, T. F. (2018). The impact of patient, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) as a search strategy tool on literature search quality: a systematic review. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, 106(4), 420.
Yuan, X., Xiaoli, L., Shilei, L., Qinwen, S., & Ke, L. (2019, May). Extracting PICO elements from RCT abstracts using 1-2gram analysis and multitask classification. In Proceedings of the third International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics 2019 (pp. 194-199).
Scells, H., Zuccon, G., Koopman, B., Deacon, A., Azzopardi, L., &Geva, S. (2017, November). Integrating the framing of clinical questions via PICO into the retrieval of medical literature for systematic reviews. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (pp. 2291-2294).
Basmaci, R., Vazouras, K., Bielicki, J., Folgori, L., Hsia, Y., Zaoutis, T., &Sharland, M. (2017). Urinary tract infection antibiotic trial study design: a systematic review. Pediatrics, 140(6).
Misra, D. P., & Agarwal, V. (2018). Systematic reviews: challenges for their justification, related comprehensive searches, and implications. Journal of Korean medical science, 33(12).
Belcher, B. M., Rasmussen, K. E., Kemshaw, M. R., &Zornes, D. A. (2016). Defining and assessing research quality in a transdisciplinary context. Research Evaluation, 25(1), 1-17.
Fu, D. Y., & Hughey, J. J. (2019). Meta-Research: Releasing a preprint is associated with more attention and citations for the peer-reviewed article. Elife, 8, e52646.
Study Document
Terrorist Group IRA
… quantitative studies can have hypotheses, the reality is that quantitative studies tend to have testable hypotheses while qualitative studies tend to formulate an hypothesis during the iterative process of obtaining and analyzing data. In other words, a quantitative study will pose hypotheses at the outset and then … accepted or rejected. A qualitative study on the other hand will pose central questions at the outset and then arrive at a possible hypothesis to explain the data collected at the end of the study. It is common for qualitative research to serve as the foundation for … qualitative research.
The strengths of the qualitative method are that it allows for a deep down understanding of a phenomenon so that a hypothesis can be developed and then tested using a quantitative method. The weaknesses of the qualitative method are that it is mainly subjective and … formation could be prevented in……
References
References
Bamford, B. (2005). The Role and Effectiveness of Intelligence in Northern Ireland. Intelligence and National Security, 20(4), 581-607.
Bell, J. B. (2008). The Secret Army: The IRA. London: Transaction Publishers.
IRA Green Book. (1977). Accessed 14 Dec 2015 from https://tensmiths.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/15914572-ira-green-book-volumes-1-and-2.pdf
Maloney, E. (2010). Voices from the Grave: Two Men’s War in Ireland. NY: Faber, Faber.
O’Brien, B. (1999). The Long War: The IRA and Sinn Fein. NY: Syracuse University Press.
Rooney, N. (2007). Violent nationalism in catholic communities: The Provisional IRA and ETA. Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism, 7(3), 64-77.
Shanahan, Timothy. (2008). The Provisional IRA and the Morality of Terrorism. UK: Edinburgh University Press.
Taylor, P. (2001). Brits. UK: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Study Document
Scientific Method Applied To Forensic Science Paper
… Forensic Science in Crime Scene Investigation
The scientific method begins with the identification of a problem. Questions are asked, data is collected, a hypothesis is formed and then tested. The scientific method is essentially no different from the kind of investigative work that investigators of a crime … primary witness and other anamnestic evidence
2. Anticipation of future questions
3. Acquisition of physical evidence
4. Comparison of consistency of alleged events (hypothesis) with physical findings, obtaining additional data as needed
5. Assessment only to a reasonable degree of scientific certainty, recognizing the limitations of science … the crime scene investigator to ensure that the scientific analysis of data collected at the scene will inform the development of the investigator’s hypothesis.
The first step in forensic science is to observe and describe the scene. To analyze evidence, one must provide context. For example, the … be developed by implementing traditional……
References
References
Gaensslen, R. E., & Larsen, K. (2019). Introductory forensic science (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://content.ashford.edu/
Shaler, R. C. (2011). Crime scene forensics: A scientific method approach. Taylor & Francis.
Young, T. (2020). Forensic Science and the Scientific Method. Retrieved from http://www.heartlandforensic.com/writing/forensic-science-and-the-scientific-method#table3
Study Document
Safety Of SSRI Drug Fluoxetine
… is safe relative to drugs that had hit the market before; and to see what the use the drug offers in treatments today.
Hypothesis Tested
The authors did not clearly identify a hypothesis that they were testing. However, they did state that upon reviewing the literature on fluoxetine’s effect on treating depression that all the studies … were testing. However, they did state that upon reviewing the literature on fluoxetine’s effect on treating depression that all the studies confirmed the hypothesis that the drug is more effective at treating depression when given at the lower common dosage of 20 mg/die than at higher dosages ……
References
References
Rossi, A., Barraco, A., & Donda, P. (2004). Fluoxetine: a review on evidence based medicine. Annals of General Hospital Psychiatry, 3(1), 2.
Study Document
The Extent To Which Group Policy Evaluation Vs Individual Evaluation
… firsthand what the subjects experience. The data collected is usually analyzed in a subjective manner. Quantitative research is more concerned with testing a hypothesis and identifying variables to see what their relationship is. It collects data that is more objectively analyzed via statistical analysis, such as t-tests ……
References
References
Briggs, S., & Helms, L. B. (2015). The practice of American public policymaking. New York: Routlege Taylor & Francis Group.
Reich, R. (Harvard Book Store, Producer). (2010). Robert B. Reich: The next economy and Americla's future. Frontline: Inside the Meltdown Series. [Video] Retrieved from [ https://forum-network.org/lectures/robert-b-reich-the-next-economy-and-america-s-future/ ]
Schaufele, B., McMillian, M. L., Boxall, P. C., Adamowicz, W. L., & Rivera, C. S. (2010). Measuring social preferences in groups versus as individuals: Income inequality aversion using the leaky bucket method. Journal of Applied Economics and Policy, 29(1), 1-1
Study Document
Traumatic Stress In Age Of COVID 19 Student Teacher Syllabus
… on the overall TBC ratings, especially on questions that suggest the teacher as creative, caring, enthusiastic, and with a positive attitude. The second hypothesis was also validated, as the same students with the learner-centered syllabus rated the teacher as possessing a higher professor-student rapport. This result validates … the suggestions from the study by Saville et al. (2010) and Harrington and Gabert-Quillen (2015), which formed the basis of their first research hypothesis. The evidence suggested that students are likely to perceive a faculty providing learner-centered syllabi as having higher master-teacher attributes than those that offer … to a negative perception. Reading and reviewing this study has informed me of the scientific method of conducting experimental studies, as well as hypothesis formulation. Also, I have learned a valuable lesson that is significant beyond the scope of syllabus design. “When people feel that activity has ……
References
References
Richmond, A., Slattery, J., Mitchell, N., & Morgan, R. (2016). Can a learner-centered syllabus change students’ perceptions of student-professor rapport and master teacher behaviors? Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology, 2(3), 159-168.
Saville, B. K., Zinn, T. E., Brown, A. R., & Marchuk, K. A. (2010). Syllabus Detail and Students’ Perceptions of Teacher Effectiveness. Teaching of Psychology, 37(3), 186–189. DOI:10.1080/00986283.2010.488523
Harrington, C. M., & Gabert-Quillen, C. A. (2015). Syllabus length and use of images: An empirical investigation of student perceptions. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology, 1(3), 235.
Wilson, J. H., & Ryan, R. G. (2013). Professor–student rapport scale: Six items predict student outcomes. Teaching of Psychology, 40(2), 130-133.
Cullen, R., & Harris, M. (2009). Assessing learner?centredness through course syllabi. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 34(1), 115-125.
Study Document
Alzhemier S Prevention Healthcare
… of the study?
· What is the scope of the study?
· What is the rational for the study?
· What is the hypothesis or research question?
· What key concepts and terms are noted?
· Is a review of the literature provided?
The purpose of this … or on the incidence of dementia may have a significant impact on healthcare costs and the general encumbrance of dementia
There is no hypothesis or research question
The key concepts and terms noted include mild cognitive impairment and dementia
A review of the literature is provided
The … dietary intervention.
The rationale of the study is that dietary factors have been linked to cognitive function in older individuals.
There is not hypothesis or research question delineated in the article
A review of the literature is not provided in this particular article
The purpose of the ……
References
References
Abraham, R. P., Denton, D. A., Al?Assaf, A. S., Rutjes, A. W., Chong, L. Y., Malik, M. A., & Tabet, N. (2015). Vitamin and mineral supplementation for prevention of dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (10).
Kwok, T. C. Y., Lam, L. C. W., Sea, M. M. M., Goggins, W., & Woo, J. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of dietetic interventions to prevent cognitive decline in old age hostel residents. European journal of clinical nutrition, 66(10), 1135.
Dangour, A. D., Whitehouse, P. J., Rafferty, K., Mitchell, S. A., Smith, L., Hawkesworth, S., & Vellas, B. (2010). B-vitamins and fatty acids in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer\\'s disease and dementia: a systematic review. Journal of Alzheimer\\'s disease, 22(1), 205-224.
Study Document
Autism Spectrum Disorder And Childhood Onset Schizophrenia
… Children who have low levels of social support have been found to be at a greater risk of increased internalizing and externalizing problems.
Hypothesis
Youth with childhood and adolescent schizophrenia would have less social support than children with autism spectrum disorder.
Children with the least amount of … researchers wanted to measure the amount of social support that is received by children with schizophrenia in comparison to children with autism. The hypothesis of the study was disproven as it was established that children with schizophrenia did receive more social support. Their other hypothesis was also disproven as the results indicate that children with the least amount of social support did not report the lowest level of ……
References
Allen, A. R., & Pidano, A. E. (2017). Childhood Schizophrenia and Autism: An Empirical Study of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(6), 1664-1670.
Jerrell, J. M., McIntyre, R. S., & Deroche, C. B. (2017). Diagnostic clusters associated with an early onset schizophrenia diagnosis among children and adolescents. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 32(2), e2589.
Pina-Camacho, L., Parellada, M., & Kyriakopoulos, M. (2016). Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia: boundaries and uncertainties. BJPsych Advances, 22(5), 316-324.
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