Cell Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Stem Cell Transplants Treat Alzheimers And Parkinsons Disease
… standard therapy for those with Parkinson’s disease. But lifestyle changes, approved drugs, and surgical operations can be recommended to address symptoms. Nevertheless, stem cell research has shown a lot of promise in helping to restore and regenerate destroyed brain tissues and is, therefore, currently being tested to … as Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease. This work looks at what the evidence is saying about the efficacy of stem cell transplants approach in the treatment of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. It also investigates the possible drawbacks of using the approach.
Introduction
Expectations from … dopaminergic neuron degeneration within the pars compacta area of the brain's substantia nigra (Hwang, Gill, Pathak, & Subramanian, 2018). The degeneration occurs due to dopamine-generating nerve cell degeneration within the substantia nigra, which is a mesencephalon area responsible for controlling movement. The degeneration leads to lower levels of neurotransmitter, dopamine, … scholars claim the disease emerges……
References
References
Alzheimer’s Association. (2015). 2015 Alzheimer\\\\'s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer\\\\'s & Dementia, 11(3), 332-384. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.02.003.
Bali, P., Lahiri, D., Banik, A., Nehru, B., & Anand, A. (2017). Potential for Stem Cells Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease: Do Neurotrophic Factors Play Critical Role? Current Alzheimer Research, 14(2), 208-220. doi:10.2174/1567205013666160314145347
Goodarzi, P., Aghayan, H. R., Larijani, B., Soleimani, M., Dehpour, A. R., Sahebjam, M., … Arjmand, B. (2015). Stem cell-based approach for the treatment of Parkinson\\\\'s disease. Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 29, 168.
Herberts, C. A., Kwa, M. S., & Hermsen, H. P. (2011). Risk factors in the development of stem cell therapy. Journal of Translational Medicine, 9(1). doi:10.1186/1479-5876-9-29
Hwang, S., Gill, S., Pathak, S., & Subramanian, S. (2018, March 30). A Comparison of Stem Cell Therapies for Parkinson Disease | Published in Georgetown Medical Review. Retrieved June 11, 2019, from https://gmr.scholasticahq.com/article/3420-a-comparison-of-stem-cell-therapies-for-parkinson-disease
Railton, D. (2019, February 18). Stem cells: Therapy, controversy, and research. Retrieved June 11, 2019, from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/200904.php
The Research Journal. (2017, September 20). Alzheimer\\\\'s and Parkinson\\\\'s - the current state of research. Retrieved June 11, 2019, from https://www.pasteur.fr/en/research-journal/reports/alzheimer-s-and-parkinson-s-current-state-research
Study Document
Genetic Science Sickle Cell Anemia
Sickle cell anemia is among the highly prevalent diseases in the contemporary society. Sickle cell anemia is a disorder of the blood that is caused by the inheritance of the gene that alters the shape of the sickle … anemia is a disorder of the blood that is caused by the inheritance of the gene that alters the shape of the sickle cell. Therefore, the gene interferes with the working of hemoglobin in the movement of oxygen. The prevalence of the sickle cell anemia varies regarding the geographical position and the ethnic identity. In the United States, the sickle cell anemia is most prevalent among African Americans. The disease also shows a relatively higher prevalence of the disease in the Hispanics followed by … followed by the Whites. However, the prevalence also varies from one place to another in the United States (Lervolino et al. 2011).
Sickle cell anemia is……
Study Document
Henrietta Lacks And The Social Covenant Of Nursing
… two physicians, George Gey and Richard TeLinde, plays an important role in Henrietta Lacks’ story. Gey was trying to develop and grow immortal cell lines in the lab for research, while TeLinde was a renowned cervical cancer doctor who at the time was investigating how cervical cancer … doctor who at the time was investigating how cervical cancer types are related (Skloot, 2010; Stump, 2014).
Just 21 days into utilizing Lacks’ cells for research, Gey made a breakthrough in his research. Lacks’ cells were special and enabled him to make the first immortal cell line from humans. He called them HeLa cells by combining the first two letters of Lacks’ first and second names (Stump, 2014). From then on, the cells have been used to develop cancer treatments, HPV vaccines, smallpox vaccines, and polio vaccines. They have also been utilized in over 80,000 studies … cancer. She died at……
References
References
American Nurses Association. (2010). Nursing\\'s social policy statement: The essence of the profession. Nursesbooks. org.
Cruess, R. L., & Cruess, S. R. (2008). Expectations and obligations: professionalism and medicine\\'s social contract with society. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 51(4), 579-598.
Fowler, M. D. M. (2015). Guide to nursing\\'s social policy statement: Understanding the profession from social contract to social covenant. Silver Spring, MD: American Nurses Association.
Palmd, (2010). More on Lacks ethics. Science blogs. Retrieved from https://scienceblogs.com/whitecoatunderground/2010/02/03/more-on-lacks-ethics
Quinlan, C. (2018). Trust in Medical Research: The Legacy of Henrietta Lacks, Part 1. Science 36 Trial Mix. Retrived from https://www.science37.com/blog/medical-research-trust-and-henrietta-lacks/
Reeves, S., van Soeren, M., MacMillan, K., & Zwarenstein, M. (2013). Medicine and nursing: A social contract to improve collaboration and patient-centred care. Journal of interprofessional care, 27(6), 441-442.
Skloot, R. (2010). The immortal life of Henrietta Lacks. Broadway Books.
Stump, J. L. (2014). Henrietta Lacks and The HeLa Cell: Rights of Patients and Responsibilities of Medical Researchers. The History Teacher, 48(1), 127-180.
Study Document
Can Aging Be Reversed
… have found that human aging may be able to be delayed or even reversed, at least at the most basic level of human cell lines.” Previous scientists had theorized that aging was the result of a mutation in the DNA structure. What the researchers in Japan discovered … elderly persons with the DNA of 12 year olds and found the sequence structure to be the same. The only difference was reduced cellular respiration, which the researchers linked to epigenetic regulation—basically “changes that alter the physical structure of DNA without affecting the DNA sequence itself, causing … be required to reverse the aging process is for someone to flip the switch of a kind of genetic breaker box in human cells.
The researchers tested the theory by isolating two genes that retained mitochondrial functionality. The scientists flipped the switches on the genes and were … genes that retained mitochondrial functionality.……
References
References
Alvarado, K. A., Templer, D. I., Bresler, C., & Thomas?Dobson, S. (1995). The relationship of religious variables to death depression and death anxiety. Journal of clinical psychology, 51(2), 202-204.
Drugs. (2019). Sprycel. Retrieved from https://www.drugs.com/price-guide/sprycel
Easwaran, E. (1996). The undiscovered country: Exploring the promise of death. Nilgiri Press.
Hashizume, O., Ohnishi, S., Mito, T., Shimizu, A., Ishikawa, K., Nakada, K., ... & Okita, K. (2015). Epigenetic regulation of the nuclear-coded GCAT and SHMT2 genes confers human age-associated mitochondrial respiration defects. Scientific reports, 5, 10434.
Liu, J., Yu, H., & Ning, X. (2006). Effect of quercetin on chronic enhancement of spatial learning and memory of mice. Science in China Series C: Life Sciences, 49(6), 583-590.
Mack, E. (2015). Researchers may have discovered fountain of youth by reversing aging in human cells. Retrieved from https://newatlas.com/reversal-of-aging-human-cell-lines/37721/
Quick, D. (2015). Senolytics: A new class of drugs with the potential to slow the aging process. Retrieved from https://newatlas.com/senolytics-drug-slow-aging/36472/
Study Document
FBI Drugs And WMDs
… was hit in Aden harbor, the FBI began focusing on suspects who would later be tied to 9/11 and the spread of terror cells throughout the Middle East.[footnoteRef:2] It was not, of course, the only incident to spark that focus—but it was an important factor in the … and enemy groups has always been a mainstay of U.S. intelligence. From COINTELPRO to today, covert action is an important process in preventing cells or groups from taking steps to undermine or attack the interests of America. [8: The Commission to Assess the Organization of the Federal ……
References
Bibliography
Arnold, Aaron and Daniel Salisbury, “The Long Arm,” Belfer Center, 2019. https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/long-arm
Carter, Ashton B. "Overhauling counterproliferation." Technology in Society 26, no. 2-3 (2004): 257-269.
The Commission to Assess the Organization of the Federal Government to Combat the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. “Combating Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction,” Washington, D.C., 1999.
FBI. “COINTELPRO.” https://vault.fbi.gov/cointel-pro
FBI Counterproliferation Center. “About.” https://www.fbi.gov/about/leadership-and-structure/national-security-branch/fbi-counterproliferation-center
Fischer, Rowena Rege. “Guide to the Study of Intelligence: Counterproliferation,” Journal of U.S. Intelligence Studies 21, no. 1 (Winter 2014-15), 78-82.
Liow, Joseph Chinyong. "The Mahathir administration's war against Islamic militancy: operational and ideological challenges." Australian Journal of International Affairs 58, no. 2 (2004): 241-256.
Manchikanti, Laxmaiah, Jaya Sanapati, Ramsin M. Benyamin, Sairam Atluri, Alan D. Kaye, and Joshua A. Hirsch. "Reframing the prevention strategies of the opioid crisis: focusing on prescription opioids, fentanyl, and heroin epidemic." Pain physician 21, no. 4 (2018): 309-326.
Study Document
Including Deaf And Hard Of Hearing Students In The General Education
...Cell Abstract
This paper provides an extensive review of literature on deaf students and deafness. The purpose of the literature review is to obtain an understanding of what deafness is, what causes deafness, how it occurs, and what deaf culture is like for deaf people. The review identifies schools and programs that are used to help the deaf community and it also examines the outcomes of deaf students in general education. It discusses whether deaf students are better served in an inclusive environment or whether they are better served in a deaf community based learning environment. It examines the characteristics of hearing loss and how there are different tools and ways to treat hearing loss when it occurs in cases where reversing the hearing loss is possible. In some cases, reversal is not possible but surgical solutions may exist.
Introduction
One of the more remarkable qualities of deaf culture is that……
References
References
Arizona Office for Americans with Disabilities. (2007). Retrieved from https://know-the-ada.com/t4/history-deafness.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hearingloss/language.html
Curhan, G., & Curhan, S. (2016). Epidemiology of hearing impairment. In Hearing Aids (pp. 21-58). Springer, Cham.
Gallaudet University. (2019). Retrieved from https://www3.gallaudet.edu/clerc-center/info-to-go/national-resources-and-directories/schools-and-programs.html
Hill, M. (2019). Embryology Sensory - Hearing Abnormalities. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Sensory_-_Hearing_Abnormalities
Hyde, M., Nikolaraizi, M., Powell, D., & Stinson, M. (2016). Critical factors toward the Inclusion of deaf and hard-of-hearing students in higher education. Diversity in deaf education, 441-472.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. (2006). Retrieved from https://sites.ed.gov/idea/
Padden, C. A. & Humphries, T. (2005). Inside Deaf Culture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Study Document
Evaluating The Ideology Of The IRA
… a formal fighting force up until the 1970s when fears of British infiltration caused the IRA to become a secret organization with a cell structure. The IRA published its Green Book, which laid out the rules of being an IRA volunteer. Meanwhile, on the political front was … was to cripple the economy of Belfast through a terror campaign (Maloney, 2010). Five years later, the Provisional IRA converted itself into a cell structure as mass arrests were occurring and the ranks of the IRA were being dismantled by British intelligence. Co-founder and devout Catholic Sean … British protected informants and looked the other way when those informants committed crimes, as it was important to be able to penetrated IRA cells and this meant that a certain discretion had to be allowed in terms of operating within the realm of the criminal underworld. Eventually ……
References
References
Bamford, B. (2005). The Role and Effectiveness of Intelligence in Northern Ireland. Intelligence and National Security, 20(4), 581-607.
Branch, S., Shallcross, L., Barker, M., Ramsay, S., & Murray, J. P. (2018). Theoretical Frameworks That Have Explained Workplace Bullying: Retracing Contributions Across the Decades. Concepts, Approaches and Methods, 1-44.
Coogan, T. P. (2002). The IRA. New York: Palgrave.
Hilton, J. L., & Von Hippel, W. (1996). Stereotypes. Annual review of psychology, 47(1), 237-271.
IRA Green Book. (1977). Accessed 14 Dec 2015 from https://tensmiths.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/15914572-ira-green-book-volumes-1-and-2.pdf
Lumen. (2019). Theoretical perspectives on deviance. Retrieved from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sociology/chapter/theoretical-perspectives-on-deviance/
Maloney, E. (2010). Voices from the Grave: Two Men’s War in Ireland. NY: Faber, Faber.
McLeod, S. (2008) Social Identity Theory. Simply Psychology. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/social-identity-theory.html
Study Document
Nursing And Adaptive Response
…
Acute tonsillitis begins with the infiltration of Group A Streptococcus to the epithelial layer of palatine tonsils. Once the invasion has occurred, the mast cells are triggered and inflammatory mediators (cytokines) are released. Cytokines then recruit polymorphonuclear leukocytes and its infiltration causes sore throat, fever, and tonsillitis. This … (Lee, Stieger, Yawalkar, & Kakeda, 2013). It occurs when a chemical agent causes direct injury to the skin leading to skin barrier disruption, cellular changes, and release of various proin?ammatory mediators (Eberting, 2014).
The pathogenesis of ICD is multifactorial (Hammer & McPhee, 2019). If chemical irritants such … ICD is multifactorial (Hammer & McPhee, 2019). If chemical irritants such as acetone come into contact with the skin, it damages the epidermal cells by extracting lipids from the stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the skin). Chemical irritants can also damage protein structures such as, involucrin, ……
Study Document
Cyberbullying
… bully.
B. Bullying is more than just isolated incidents of negative behavior; it requires repetitive behavior.
C. Cyberbullying occurs electronically, via the internet, cell phones, and social media.
II. Imbalance of power
A. Bullies have some type of power over victims.
B. There are different ways that … to be considered part of a repetitive pattern of bullying.
IV. Cyberbullying occurs electronically.
A. Cyberbullying can occur several ways:
1. Internet
2. Cell phones
3. Social Media
B. Cyberbullying may occur only online or can be combined with in-person bullying.
V. Conclusion
A. Cyberbullying occurs electronically.
… it is important to first develop a thorough understanding of what cyberbullying does. Cyberbullying is a form of bullying that uses the internet, cell phones, and social media to target its victims. Unlike more traditional in-person bullying, this means that the victims of cyberbullying never get a ……
References
Bazarova, Natalie. (14 May 2018). Key Questions in the Fight Against Cyberbullying. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/social-media-stories/201805/key-questions-in-the-fight-against-cyberbullying . Accessed 16 July 2020.
Ben-Joseph, Elena Pearl. (April 2018). Cyberbullying. TeensHealth. https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cyberbullying.html . Accessed 16 July 2020.
Scheff, Sue. (29 November 2019). Adult Cyberbullying Is More Common Than You Think. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/shame-nation/201911/adult-cyberbullying-is-more-common-you-think . Accessed 16 July 2020.
John, Ann et al., (2018). Self-Harm, Suicidal Behaviors, and Cyberbullying in Children and Young People: Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 20(4): e129 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.9044.
Oakes, Kelly. (15 September 2019). Why Children Become Bullies at School. BBC.com. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190913-why-some-children-become-merciless-bullies . Accessed 16 July 2020.
Study Document
Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders Of Motility
The Normal Pathophysiology of Gastric Acid Stimulation and Production
In the words of Phan, Benhammou, and Pisegna (2015), “gastric acid secretion by parietal cells occurs in the fundus of the stomach, and is intricately regulated by various neuronal (vagal), paracrine (histamine, somatostatin) and hormonal factors” (387). As … These are: gastrin, histamine, and acetylcholine. It is these three chemicals that trigger the secretion of hydrochloric acid through the stimulation of parietal cells. It should be noted that in reaction…[break]…Sugimoto, and Miki (2007) observe that “although GERD symptoms are common in adults of all ages, the ……
References
References
Braun, C.A. & Anderson, C.M. (2007). Pathophysiology: Functional Alterations in Human Health. New York, NY: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Krause, G., Malagelda, J.R. & Preuschoff, U. (2005). Functional Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Washington, DC: IOS Press.
Lacy, B.E., Crowell, M.D. & DiBaise, J.K. (2014). Functional and Motility Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Case Study Approach. New York, NY: Springer.
Lee, S.P., Sung, I. Kim, J.H., Lee, S., Park, H.S. & Shim, C.S. (2016). Risk Factors for the Presence of Symptoms in Peptic Ulcer Disease. Clin Endosc., 50(8), 578-584.
Phan, J., Benhammou, J.N. & Pisegna, J.R. (2015). Gastric Hypersecretory States: Investigation and Management. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol., 13(4), 386-397.
Wantabe, T., Urita, Y., Sugimoto, M. & Miki, K. (2007). Gastro-esophageal reflux disease symptoms are more common in general practice in Japan. World J Gastroenterol., 13(31), 4219-4223.
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