Genetic Testing Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Genetic Testing
genetic testing is a term used to refer to some type of medical test carried out to identify changes in genes, chromosomes or proteins. It … refer to some type of medical test carried out to identify changes in genes, chromosomes or proteins. It is also known as DNA testing as it helps to detect changes in chromosome structure or DNA sequence. Over the past few decades, this biotechnology has become more popular … changes in chromosome structure or DNA sequence. Over the past few decades, this biotechnology has become more popular to an extent that various genetic tests have emerged and expanded. Despite its popularity, genetic testing is associated with some risks and limitations including physical risks. Consequently, numerous arguments have been raised to support and disapprove the use of … use of this biotechnology. This paper examines reasons for and against the use of this technology and provides……
References
References
Bertolotti, M. (2015, October). Opportunities, Risks, and Limitations of Genetic Testing: Looking to the Future from Patients’ Point of View. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 90(10), 1311-1313.
DeFilippis, E.M., Rehm, H., Cirino, A.L. & Lakdawala, N.K. (2018, September). The Lifespan of Genetic Testing. The American Journal of Medicine, 131(9), 991-992.
Glick, M. (2016, March). Genetic Testing. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 147(3), 157-159.
Zimmern, R.L. & Kroese, M. (2007, September). The Evaluation of Genetic Tests. Journal of Public Health, 29(3), 246-250.
Study Document
Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic Fibrosis Impact on Lungs
Introduction
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic and possible genetic inherited disease that affects lungs. It is characterized by buildup of thick and stick mucus that is had to cough out of the … Cystic fibrosis. U.S. National Library of Medicine, U.S. gov. https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cystic-fibrosis. Published January 21, 2020. Accessed January 24, 2020]
Diagnosis
Because CF is a genetic disorder, diagnosis can and should be done early, possibly at birth. Early diagnosis allows for early treatment and thus increases the chances for … is relevant because persons with CF has abnormally high levels of IRT in their blood.
ii. DNA test – because CF is a genetic disorder, it means there is a gene anomaly, which can be detected through DNA testing. A DNA test therefore looks for the abnormal gene in the CFTR gene.
iii. Sweat test – this test determines the level of ………
References
Bibliography
Cystic fibrosis. U.S. National Library of Medicine, U.S. gov. https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cystic-fibrosis . Published January 21, 2020. Accessed January 24, 2020
Cystic Fibrosis, WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/children/what-is-cystic-fibrosis#2 , December 12, 2019. Accessed January 24, 2020.
Lung Transplant, Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/lung-transplant/about/pac-20384754 , July 11, 2019. Accessed January 24, 2020.
Livingston Jr. FR, Cystic Fibrosis. KidsHealth. https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cf.html?WT.ac=ctg April, 2014. Accessed January 24, 2020.
Study Document
Hepatitis B Virus Infection
… incidence rate of HBV is higher in men (2.7 per 100,000) compared to women (1.6 per 100,000).…[break]…HBV, nurse practitioners carry out screening and testing programs given that most cases of this infection are asymptomatic. They work with primary care physicians to develop interventions for patients depending on … infection is common among people aged between 25-44 years. The development of this infection is influenced by social factors such as barriers to testing, cultural factors, ecological factors, lack of access to medical care, and country of origin. Given the lack of a specific treatment, the management ……
References
References
American Association of Nurse Practitioners. (2019, January 28). Nurse Practitioner Role Grows to More Than 270,000. Retrieved July 23, 2020, from https://www.aanp.org/news-feed/nurse-practitioner-role-continues-to-grow-to-meet-primary-care-provider-shortages-and-patient-demands
Greene, K.M., Duffus, W.A., Xing, J., & King, H. (2017). Social Determinants of Health Associated with HBV Testing and Access to Care among Foreign-born Persons Residing in the United States: 2009-2012. Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice, 10(2), 1-20.
Healthy People. (2020). Determinants of Health. Retrieved from U.S. Department of Health and Human Services website: https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/foundation-health-measures/Determinants-of-Health
Kim, H. & Kim, W.R. (2018, August 22). Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States. Clinical Liver Disease, 12(1), 1-4.
Kim, W.R. (2012, March 1). Epidemiology of Hepatitis B in the United States. Hepatology, 49(5), S28-S34.
MacLachlan, J.H. & Cowie, B.C. (2015, May). Hepatitis B Virus Epidemiology. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 5(5). doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a021410
World Health Organization. (2019, July 18). Hepatitis B. Retrieved July 23, 2020, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b
Zhang, Z., Wang, C., Liu, Z., Zou, G., Li, J. & Lu, M. (2019, August 13). Host Genetic Determinants of Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Frontiers in Genetics, 10(696),1-24.
Study Document
Formulating An Effective National Response To Ebola In Nigeria
...Genetic testing Abstract
Today, there are dozens of deadly diseases in the world, but the Ebola virus disease (alternatively “EVD” or “Ebola”) is among the most virulent and lethal. Although intensive research is underway, there is no cure currently available for Ebola and the death toll attributable to this disease continues to increase. To date, there have been nearly 30,000 cases of Ebola infections that caused more than 11,000 deaths, primarily in West Africa, but the disease has the potential to spread worldwide unless first responders, emergency management managers and the health care community take aggressive steps to identify infections and contain outbreaks. The main purpose of this study is to provide a systematic and critical review of the relevant juried, scholarly and governmental literature about the Ebola virus disease to create an awareness manual that is targeted at educating Nigerian citizens concerning this disease. A secondary purpose of this study is……
References
References
Allam, M. F. (2014, September). Ebola hemorrhagic fever: Case fatality rate 90%? Central European Journal of Public Health 22(3), 207-210.
Allam, M. F. & Vonka, V. (2015, March). Ebola virus disease: Temperature checks for travelers? Central European Journal of Public Health, 23(1), 84.
Brand, J. E. & Stela, D. (2014, October). Ebola is here: Knowledge, identification, and appropriate infection control are key. American Nurse Today, 9(10), 37-39.
Brown, G. (2015, Winter). Ebola in America: An epidemic or a pandemic? ABNF Journal, 26(1), 3-5.
Ebola. (2019). Doctors without Borders. Retrieved from https://www.doctorswithout borders.org/what-we-do/medical-issues/ebola.
Ebola outbreak. (2019). U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/history/2014-2016-outbreak/index.html .
Ebola virus disease. (2019). U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/index.html .
Hancock, M. (2019, September). After Ebola. African Business, 422, 56-58.
Study Document
Coronavirus COVID 19
… along with the death toll, though the actual rate of infection and the mortality rate is unknown due to a lack of randomized testing in the US. The media is playing a big part in spreading fear, and those who distrust the media and see it as ……
References
References
Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., ... & Yu, T. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet, 395(10223), 507-513.
Kekatos, M. (2020). Ventilating too soon. Retrieved from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-8201783/Some-doctors-moving-away-ventilators-virus-patients.html
Myers, S. L. (2020). China Spins Tale That the U.S. Army Started the Coronavirus Epidemic. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/13/world/asia/coronavirus-china-conspiracy-theory.html
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2015). Improving diagnosis in health care. National Academies Press.
Oliver, D. (2020). Coronavirus genetic material stayed on surfaces for up to 17 days on Diamond Princess cruise, CDC says. Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/cruises/2020/03/24/coronavirus-diamond-princess-cabin-surfaces-contaminated-cdc-report/2905924001/
Study Document
Developing A Research Hypothesis
...Genetic testing Abstract
Developing a researchable question is one of the challenging tasks a researcher encounters when initiating a project. In current clinical practice, both unanswered issues or when experiences dictate alternative therapies may provoke an investigator to formulate a clinical research question. This paper describes PICO (population, intervention, control, and outcomes) criteria in framing a research question. Finally, it assesses the characteristics of a peer-reviewed article on urinary tract infections.
Part 1
EBM, shorthand for Evidence-Based Medicine, is a core aspect of the medical profession. EBM provides statistical analyses and matters of clinical concern. It is based on research, reading, analysis, and combining many papers generated within the medical fraternity. EBM applications based on research evidence and clinical knowledge and reviews of the system go a long way in improving clinical decisions. Usually, the PICO guideline is applied in developing a comprehensive, focused definition of clinical concern. In such a system,……
References
References
Considine, J., Shaban, R. Z., Fry, M., & Curtis, K. (2017). Evidence-based emergency nursing: designing a research question and searching the literature. International emergency nursing, 32, 78-82.
Eriksen, M. B., & Frandsen, T. F. (2018). The impact of patient, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) as a search strategy tool on literature search quality: a systematic review. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, 106(4), 420.
Yuan, X., Xiaoli, L., Shilei, L., Qinwen, S., & Ke, L. (2019, May). Extracting PICO elements from RCT abstracts using 1-2gram analysis and multitask classification. In Proceedings of the third International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics 2019 (pp. 194-199).
Scells, H., Zuccon, G., Koopman, B., Deacon, A., Azzopardi, L., &Geva, S. (2017, November). Integrating the framing of clinical questions via PICO into the retrieval of medical literature for systematic reviews. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (pp. 2291-2294).
Basmaci, R., Vazouras, K., Bielicki, J., Folgori, L., Hsia, Y., Zaoutis, T., &Sharland, M. (2017). Urinary tract infection antibiotic trial study design: a systematic review. Pediatrics, 140(6).
Misra, D. P., & Agarwal, V. (2018). Systematic reviews: challenges for their justification, related comprehensive searches, and implications. Journal of Korean medical science, 33(12).
Belcher, B. M., Rasmussen, K. E., Kemshaw, M. R., &Zornes, D. A. (2016). Defining and assessing research quality in a transdisciplinary context. Research Evaluation, 25(1), 1-17.
Fu, D. Y., & Hughey, J. J. (2019). Meta-Research: Releasing a preprint is associated with more attention and citations for the peer-reviewed article. Elife, 8, e52646.
Study Document
Rosacea Skin Condition
...Genetic testing Rosacea
Outline
· Introduction
· Signs and symptoms
· Impact of the disease on healthy body functions, and relates to symptoms
· Risk factors and preventive steps
· Maintenance of quality of life
· Diagnostic and therapeutic tools
· Expected outcomes and prognosis
· Current research into prevention, treatment or even cure
· Possible areas of research into prevention, treatment or cure
· Conclusion
Introduction
Rosacea is a skin condition that affects white people in most cases. However, it may also affect any type of skin for people aged 40 to 60 years old. The skin condition is observed more commonly in women than in men. However, when it occurs in men, it is more severe. The condition is chronic and may continue for pronged periods in any person. The severity of people fluctuates. The condition commonly affects the chin, forehead, and nose. It usually manifests by a reddening nose……
References
References
Biggers, A. (Reviewer) (2020). Can Rosacea Be Cured? New Treatments and Research. Healthline. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/rosacea/research-cure-update
Gallo, R. L., Granstein, R. D., Kang, S., Mannis, M., Steinhoff, M., Tan, J., & Thiboutot, D. (2018). Standard classification and pathophysiology of rosacea: The 2017 update by the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 78(1), 148-155.
Iyengar, S., Williamson, P. R., Schmitt, J., Johannsen, L., Maher, I. A., Sobanko, J. F., ... & Alam, M. (2016). Development of a core outcome set for clinical trials in rosacea: study protocol for a systematic review of the literature and identification of a core outcome set using a Delphi survey. Trials, 17(1), 429.
Oge, L. K., Muncie Jr, H. L., & Phillips-Savoy, A. R. (2015). Rosacea: diagnosis and treatment. American family physician, 92(3), 187-196.
Steinhoff, M., Schauber, J., & Leyden, J. J. (2013). New insights into rosacea pathophysiology: a review of recent findings. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 69(6), S15-S26.
Van Zuuren, E. J. (2017). Rosacea. New England Journal of Medicine, 377(18), 1754-1764.
Van Zuuren, E. J., Fedorowicz, Z., Carter, B., van der Linden, M. M., & Charland, L. (2015). Interventions for rosacea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (4).
Walsh, R. K., Endicott, A. A., & Shinkai, K. (2018). Diagnosis and treatment of rosacea fulminans: a comprehensive review. American journal of clinical dermatology, 19(1), 79-86.
Study Document
Urinary Tract Infection And Osteoporosis In Women
...Genetic testing Healthcare professionals usually encounter challenges to address the health conditions facing female patients. In light of the changing nature of today’s society, chronic and acute illnesses among women have become more prevalent. The prevalence of such illnesses is attributable to the unique health issues and conditions that women experience in their day-to-day life. While some of these health conditions affect men too, they are more severe among women. Given the unique health conditions, women experience chronic and acute illnesses that affect their overall health and wellbeing. Some of the chronic and acute health conditions affecting women include urinary tract infections and osteoporosis. This paper examines the management of these two conditions through comparison of common and non-traditional treatment modalities.
Urinary Tract Infection and Osteoporosis
A urinary tract infection is defined as an infection involving organs that create urine and carry it out of the human body (Harvard Health Publishing, 2017).……
References
References
Baars et al. (2019, February 3). The Contribution of Complementary and Alternative Medicine to Reduce Antibiotic Use: A Narrative Review of Health Concepts, Prevention, and Treatment Strategies. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1-29. doi: 10.1155/2019/5365608
Carbone et al. (2015, November). Urinary Tract Stones and Osteoporosis: Findings From the Women’s Health Initiative. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 30(11), 2096-2102.
Eells, S.J., Bharadwa, K., McKinnell, J.A. & Miller, L.G. (2014, January 15). Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections Among Women: Comparative Effectiveness of 5 Prevention and Management Strategies Using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo Model. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 58(2), 147-160.
Harvard Health Publishing. (2017, May). Urinary Tract Infection in Women. Retrieved from Harvard Medical School website: https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/urinary-tract-infection-in-women-a-to-z
Khadilkar, A. & Mandlik, R.M. (2015). Epidemiology and Treatment of Osteoporosis in Women: An Indian Perspective. International Journal of Women’s Health, 7, 841-850.
Tian et al. (2017, October). Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Related Lifestyle and Metabolic Factors of Postmenopausal Women and Elderl Men. Medicine, 96(43), doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000008294
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2018, June 26). Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures – U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA, 319(24), 2521-2531.
Study Document
Can Aging Be Reversed
… year olds and found the sequence structure to be the same. The only difference was reduced cellular respiration, which the researchers linked to genetic regulation—basically “changes that alter the physical structure of DNA without affecting the DNA sequence itself, causing genes to be turned on or off” … In essence, all that may be required to reverse the aging process is for someone to flip the switch of a kind of genetic breaker box in human cells.
The researchers tested the theory by isolating two genes that retained mitochondrial functionality. The scientists flipped the switches ……
References
References
Alvarado, K. A., Templer, D. I., Bresler, C., & Thomas?Dobson, S. (1995). The relationship of religious variables to death depression and death anxiety. Journal of clinical psychology, 51(2), 202-204.
Drugs. (2019). Sprycel. Retrieved from https://www.drugs.com/price-guide/sprycel
Easwaran, E. (1996). The undiscovered country: Exploring the promise of death. Nilgiri Press.
Hashizume, O., Ohnishi, S., Mito, T., Shimizu, A., Ishikawa, K., Nakada, K., ... & Okita, K. (2015). Epigenetic regulation of the nuclear-coded GCAT and SHMT2 genes confers human age-associated mitochondrial respiration defects. Scientific reports, 5, 10434.
Liu, J., Yu, H., & Ning, X. (2006). Effect of quercetin on chronic enhancement of spatial learning and memory of mice. Science in China Series C: Life Sciences, 49(6), 583-590.
Mack, E. (2015). Researchers may have discovered fountain of youth by reversing aging in human cells. Retrieved from https://newatlas.com/reversal-of-aging-human-cell-lines/37721/
Quick, D. (2015). Senolytics: A new class of drugs with the potential to slow the aging process. Retrieved from https://newatlas.com/senolytics-drug-slow-aging/36472/
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