Symptoms Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Chronic GI GU Condition
… the present scenario would be gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The diagnosis in this case has been made on the strength of the presenting symptoms. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases – NIDDK (2014), some of the symptoms associated with GERD include a “regular heartburn, a painful, burning feeling in the middle of your chest, behind your breastbone, and in the … of your chest, behind your breastbone, and in the middle of your abdomen.” The 46-year-old male in this case presents the very same symptoms. In essence, the symptoms that the patient presents are as a consequence of the flow-back stomach contents/stomach from his stomach into his esophagus. Given that this is … over the past couple of months, the lining of his esophagus is irritated – hence the need for immediate medical attention to ease symptoms. The differential diagnosis in the present……
References
References
Fisichella, P.M., Allaix, M.E., Morino, M. & Patti, M.G. (Eds.). (2014). Esophageal Diseases: Evaluation and Treatment. New York, NY: Springer.
Lacy, B.E. & Patel, B.K. (2017). Rome Criteria and a Diagnostic Approach to Irritable Bowel Syndrome. J Clin Med., 6(11), 95-101.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases – NIDDK (2014). Symptoms & Causes of GER & GERD. Retrieved from https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults/symptoms-causes
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases – NIDDK (2019). Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Retrieved from https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/irritable-bowel-syndrome
National Cancer Institute (2019). NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/benign-prostatic-hypertrophy
Study Document
Psychological Test Evaluation Beck Anxiety Inventory BAI
… for multicultural populations?
The respondents are requested to report how much they have been bothered during the week by each of the 21 symptoms before the BAI testing completion, including the day of completion. Each of the symptoms is provided with four answer options considered to be all possible, i.e., Not at all= 0; mild moderately=2, severely=3(Beck et al., 1988). The … groups. The results in the study concur with earlier findings that the strongest aspect of the BAI is its effectiveness in assessing anxiety symptoms. This review expounds the notion by emphasizing that BAI can and should be used as an effective and efficient screening tool for anxiety ……
References
References
Arnold, L. M., Clauw, D., Wang, F., Ahl, J., Gaynor, P. J., &Wohlreich, M. M. (2010). Flexible dosed duloxetine in the treatment of fibromyalgia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Journal of rheumatology, 37(12), 2578-2586.
Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1993). Beck Anxiety Inventory manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G. & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893–897.
Biggs, Q. M. (2008). Transportation trauma and psychological morbidity: Anxiety, depression, PTSD, and perceived control in a hospitalized sample. (Doctoral dissertation, University of North Texas).
DeFeo, J. (2005). Beck Anxiety Inventory. NCTSN Measure Review Database. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.506.4912&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Gillis, M. M., Haaga, D. A., & Ford, G. T. (1995). Normative values for the beck anxiety inventory, fear questionnaire, Penn state worry questionnaire, and social phobia and anxiety inventory. Psychological Assessment, 7(4), 450.
Halfaker, D. A., Akeson, S. T., Hathcock, D. R., Mattson, C., &Wunderlich, T. L. (2011). Psychological aspects of pain. Pain procedures in clinical practice (pp. 13-22). Hanley &Belfus.
Julian, L. J. (2011). Measures of anxiety: state?trait anxiety inventory (STAI), Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale?anxiety (HADS?A). Arthritis care & research, 63(S11), S467-S472.
Study Document
COVID 19 Evaluation And Assessment
… to note that the patient suffers from gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. The patient is a 54-year-old male. Some of the symptoms that the patient presents are consistent with COVID-19 symptoms. The main COVID-19 symptoms are inclusive of difficulty breathing/shortness of breath, cough, and fever (Adhikari, 2020). Yet another key consideration in making a decision to test is … out of the U.S. He could, thus, be categories as a person under investigation (PUI), i.e. on the basis of the respiratory illness symptoms presented and based on the fact that he had traveled to a country having local transmission. Testing in this case would be consistent … 2020). If the lab results come back positive for the novel virus, the treatment plan would be focused on the alleviation of the symptoms being experienced by the patient. This is more so the case given that at present, COVID-19……
References
References
Adhikari, S.P., Meng, S., Wi, Y., Mao, Y., Ye., R., Wang, Q. …Zhou, H. (2020). Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 9(29) 78-83.
CDC (2020). Evaluating and Testing Persons for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-criteria.html
Pung, R., Chiew, C.J., Young, B.E., Chin, S., Chen, M., Clapham, H.E. …Lee, V.J. (2020). Investigation of three clusters of COVID-19 in Singapore: implications for surveillance and response measures. The Lancet, 395(10229), P1039-1046.
Schiffrin, E.L., Flack, J.M., Sadayoshi, I., Muntner, P. & Webb, R.C. (2020). Hypertension and COVID-19. American Journal of Hypertension, 057.
World Health Organization – WHO (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public: Myth busters. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters
Wei, M., Yuan, J. & Liu, Y. (2020). Novel Coronavirus Infection in Hospitalized Infants Under 1 Year of Age in China. JAMA, 323(13), 1213-1314.
Study Document
Formulating An Effective National Response To Ebola In Nigeria
… of the Relevant Literature
Chapter Introduction
This chapter provides a review of the relevant literature concerning the Ebola virus disease, including transmission methods, symptoms, diagnosis, and current treatment strategies. In addition, this chapter provides an analysis concerning ways to identify optimal emergency management strategies for Ebola outbreaks ……
References
References
Allam, M. F. (2014, September). Ebola hemorrhagic fever: Case fatality rate 90%? Central European Journal of Public Health 22(3), 207-210.
Allam, M. F. & Vonka, V. (2015, March). Ebola virus disease: Temperature checks for travelers? Central European Journal of Public Health, 23(1), 84.
Brand, J. E. & Stela, D. (2014, October). Ebola is here: Knowledge, identification, and appropriate infection control are key. American Nurse Today, 9(10), 37-39.
Brown, G. (2015, Winter). Ebola in America: An epidemic or a pandemic? ABNF Journal, 26(1), 3-5.
Ebola. (2019). Doctors without Borders. Retrieved from https://www.doctorswithout borders.org/what-we-do/medical-issues/ebola.
Ebola outbreak. (2019). U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/history/2014-2016-outbreak/index.html .
Ebola virus disease. (2019). U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/index.html .
Hancock, M. (2019, September). After Ebola. African Business, 422, 56-58.
Study Document
Intake Information For Mental Health
Case information and intake information
Presenting Problem:
The patient is a Caucasian female that is 29 years old. She presented the symptoms and signs of a mental health condition. Apart from having sleepless nights, she stated that she often felt sad, had crying spells almost … health condition the patient is experiencing. DSM-5 lists the following criteria in making a depression diagnosis. The patient must experience more than five symptoms during a period of two weeks and one of the symptoms should either be a depressed mood or loss of pleasure/ interest.
Below are the some of the other symptoms:
1. Depressed mood for most part of the individual’s day, almost daily
2. Considerably reduced pleasure or interest in nearly all activities for … Recurrent suicidal thoughts without an specific plan, or a suicidal attempt or planning to commit suicide
To get a depression diagnosis, the above symptoms should cause……
References
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. BMC Med, 17, 133-137.
Buntrock, C., Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Smit, F., Riper, H., Berking, M., & Cuijpers, P. (2016). Effect of a web-based guided self-help intervention for prevention of major depression in adults with subthreshold depression: a randomized clinical trial. Jama, 315(17), 1854-1863.
Davaasambuu, S., Aira, T., Hamid, P., Wainberg, M., & Witte, S. (2017). Risk and resilience factors for depression and suicidal ideation in Mongolian college students. Mental health & prevention, 5, 33.
Gilbert, P. (2016). Depression: The evolution of powerlessness. Routledge.
Hammen, C. (2018). Risk factors for depression: An autobiographical review. Annual review of clinical psychology, 14, 1-28.
Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Macmillan.
Khoury, B., Langer, E. J., & Pagnini, F. (2014). The DSM: mindful science or mindless power? A critical review. Frontiers in psychology, 5, 602.
MacGill, M. (2017). What is depression and what can I do about it? Medical News Today. Retrieved from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/kc/depression-causes-symptoms-treatments-8933.
Study Document
Rosacea Skin Condition
Rosacea
Outline
· Introduction
· Signs and symptoms
· Impact of the disease on healthy body functions, and relates to symptoms
· Risk factors and preventive steps
· Maintenance of quality of life
· Diagnostic and therapeutic tools
· Expected outcomes and prognosis
· … its causes, and solutions in combating its incidence. You also learn how you can access help when you have the condition.
Signs and symptoms
The condition manifests with the following conditions
· Flushing of the face persistently: it is usually the initial symptom and could turn out … longer.
· Tiny blood vessels may also show on the face (telangiectasia). They may increase in number and become quite conspicuous.
· Eye symptoms appear in about 50% of the cases, but they are commonly mild. These include:
· Feeling like something is in the eyes
· … but grave complication that can impact one’s vision. One……
References
References
Biggers, A. (Reviewer) (2020). Can Rosacea Be Cured? New Treatments and Research. Healthline. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/rosacea/research-cure-update
Gallo, R. L., Granstein, R. D., Kang, S., Mannis, M., Steinhoff, M., Tan, J., & Thiboutot, D. (2018). Standard classification and pathophysiology of rosacea: The 2017 update by the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 78(1), 148-155.
Iyengar, S., Williamson, P. R., Schmitt, J., Johannsen, L., Maher, I. A., Sobanko, J. F., ... & Alam, M. (2016). Development of a core outcome set for clinical trials in rosacea: study protocol for a systematic review of the literature and identification of a core outcome set using a Delphi survey. Trials, 17(1), 429.
Oge, L. K., Muncie Jr, H. L., & Phillips-Savoy, A. R. (2015). Rosacea: diagnosis and treatment. American family physician, 92(3), 187-196.
Steinhoff, M., Schauber, J., & Leyden, J. J. (2013). New insights into rosacea pathophysiology: a review of recent findings. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 69(6), S15-S26.
Van Zuuren, E. J. (2017). Rosacea. New England Journal of Medicine, 377(18), 1754-1764.
Van Zuuren, E. J., Fedorowicz, Z., Carter, B., van der Linden, M. M., & Charland, L. (2015). Interventions for rosacea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (4).
Walsh, R. K., Endicott, A. A., & Shinkai, K. (2018). Diagnosis and treatment of rosacea fulminans: a comprehensive review. American journal of clinical dermatology, 19(1), 79-86.
Study Document
Assessing And Treating Pediatric Clients With Mood Disorders
Background
The client in the present scenario is an 8-year-old African American male who presents with signs of depression. Some of the reported symptoms include; feeling of sadness, occasional irritation, and decreased appetite. The score obtained upon the administration of the Children’s Depression Rating Scale indicates significant … me to raise the dose in the course of time as needed. I would in this case expect a favorable change in depressive symptoms during the next appointment.
The results of decision point one indicate that the client returned to the clinic in 4 weeks and there … results of decision point one indicate that the client returned to the clinic in 4 weeks and there was no change in the symptoms of depression. In this case, it appears that the 25 mg daily dose was low.
Decision Point 2: Increase dose to 37.5 mg … to 37.5 mg orally daily
The……
References
References
American Academy of Pediatrics (2020). Sertraline - Zoloft (Oral Solution). Retrieved from https://www.aap.org/en-us/professional-resources/Psychopharmacology/Pages/Sertraline-Zoloft-Oral-Solution.aspx
Fainzang, S. (2011). Discourse on safe drug use: symbolic logics and ethical aspects. Drug Saf., 33(8), 623-629.
Hritzak, K. & Culhane, N.S. (2004). Sertraline effective for children and adolescents with major depression. J Fam Pract., 53(1), 8-14.
Milev, D.R. (2015). Does Sleep Quality Change after Switch from Wellbutrin SR to Wellbutrin XL in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder? Retrieved from https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00616915
Mullen, S. (2018). Major depressive disorder in children and adolescents. Ment Health Clin., 8(6), 275-283.
Navels, R.M., Gentkovsky, S.T. & Williams, B.E. (2016). Paroxetine—The Antidepressant from Hell? Probably Not, But Caution Required. Psychopharmacol Bull., 46(1), 77-104.
Patel, K., Allen, S., Haque, M.N., Angelescu, L., Baumeister, D. & Tracy, D.K. (2016). Bupropion: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness as an antidepressant. The Adv Psychopharmacol., 6(2), 99-144.
Study Document
Postpartum Depression In New Moms
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Postpartum Depression
Introduction
Becoming a new mother can be a very overwhelming experience for some women and the symptoms of postpartum depression that follow birth can confuse and deject them. It is important that women receive the therapeutic help they need in … confuse and deject them. It is important that women receive the therapeutic help they need in these situations. This paper will discuss the symptoms and causes of postpartum depression, how a counselor can develop strategies to work with clients experiencing postpartum depression, how a counselor can build … experiencing postpartum depression, how a counselor can build rapport, barriers to care, and psychological interventions the counselor can use to treat the client.
Symptoms and Causes
Symptoms of postpartum depression for new mothers include a range of signs that can go from mild to extreme. On the mild end of … mood swings, anxiety, sadness,……
References
References
American Psychological Association. (2002). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychologist, 57, 1060-1073.
Badr, H. A., & Zauszniewski, J. A. (2017). Kangaroo care and postpartum depression: The role of oxytocin. International journal of nursing sciences, 4(2), 179-183.
Baka, J., Csakvari, E., Huzian, O., Dobos, N., Siklos, L., Leranth, C., ... & Hajszan, T. (2017). Stress induces equivalent remodeling of hippocampal spine synapses in a simulated postpartum environment and in a female rat model of major depression. Neuroscience, 343, 384-397.
Firman, D. (2009). Stepping up: Strategies for the new counselor. Counseling with confidence: From pre-service to professional practice, 15-28.
Jones, J. & Lyddon, W. (2000). Cognitive Therapy and Empirically Validated Treatments. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 14(3): 337-345.
Ko, J. Y., Rockhill, K. M., Tong, V. T., Morrow, B., & Farr, S. L. (2017). Trends in postpartum depressive symptoms—27 states, 2004, 2008, and 2012. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 66(6), 153.
LoFrisco, B. (2012). How to build rapport with clients. Retrieved from https://www.mastersincounseling.org/counseling/client-rapport/
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370.
Study Document
Case Conceptualization Group Therapy CBT And Psychodynamics
… DSM-5 guidelines as follows.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Notoriously “challenging” to diagnose, GAD manifests differently for different people (Glasofer, 2019, p. 1). Primary symptoms include persistent worry that is “excessive,” difficult to manage, and which interferes with daily life for a period of at least six months … months (Glasofer, 2019, p. 1). To receive the formal diagnosis of GAD, the client must also exhibit at least three of the following symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, irritability, difficulty concentrating, muscle aches, and difficulty sleeping. Differential diagnoses allow the clinician to…[break]…B of the ACA (2014) Code of Ethics ……
References
References
American Counseling Association (2014). ACA Code of Ethics. Retrieved from: https://www.counseling.org/resources/aca-code-of-ethics.pdf
American Group Psychotherapy Association (2007). Practice guidelines for group psychotherapy. Retrieved from: https://www.agpa.org/docs/default-source/practice-resources/download-full-guidelines-(pdf-format)-group-works!-evidence-on-the-effectiveness-of-group-therapy.pdf?sfvrsn=ce6385a9_2
“Clinical Thinking Skills,” (n.d.). Retrieved from: https://in.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/44297_3.pdf
Glasofer, D.R. (2019). Generalized anxiety disorder. Retrieved from: https://www.verywellmind.com/dsm-5-criteria-for-generalized-anxiety-disorder-1393147
MacNamara, A., Kotov, R. & Hajcak, G. (2016). Diagnosis and symptom-based predictors of emotional processing in generalized anxiety disorder and Major Depressive Disorder: An Event-Related Potential Study. Cognitive Therapy and Research 40(2016): 275-289.
Plummer, F., Manea, L., Trepel, D., et al. (2016). Screening for anxiety disorders with the GAD-7 and GAD-2: a systematic review and diagnostic metaanalysis. General Hospital Psychiatry 39(2016): 24-31.
Suszek, H., Holas, P., Wyrzykowski, T., et al. (2015). Short-term intensive psychodynamic group therapy versus cognitive-behavioral group therapy in day treatment of anxiety disorders and comorbid depressive or personality disorders: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 16(2015): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4517633/
Thimm, J.C. & Antonsen, L. (2014). Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy for depression in routine practice. BMC Psychiatry 14(292): https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-014-0292-x
Study Document
Cholelithiasis Gallstones Gallbladder Disease
Introduction
Gallbladder disease, especially cholelithiasis (gallstones) affects over 20 million Americans every year. The condition often goes undiagnosed because cholelithiasis rarely presents symptoms. Abdominal discomfort, nausea, jaundice and biliary colic are some symptoms of the condition. Imaging techniques are the most accurate diagnosis tools for gallbladder diseases. However, laboratory values such as CBC, serum amylase, liver-function … gallbladder disease. Imaging techniques are used to diagnose gallbladder disease. The techniques have varying pros and cons, and rate of accuracy. The presenting symptoms and type of gallbladder disease determine the right imaging technique to use. Whereas surgical treatment is the most preferred for symptomatic patients, asymptomatic ……
References
References
Anderson, P. O., Knoben, J. E., & Troutman, W. G. (2010). Clinical drug data. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
Al-alem, F., Mattar, R. E., Madkhali, A., Alsharabi, A., Alsaif, F., & Hassanain, M. (April 26, 2017). Incidental Gallbladder Cancer.
Borzellino, G., & Cordiano, C. (2008). Biliary lithiasis: Basic science, current diagnosis, and management. Milan: Springer.
Bullock, ., Shane, ., & Hales, . (2012). Principles of Pathophysiology. Sydney: P. Ed Australia.
In Agresta, F., In Campanile, F. C., & In Vettoretto, N. (2014). Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: An Evidence-based Guide.
In Cox, M. R., In Eslick, G. D., & In Padbury, R. (2018). The management of gallstone disease: A practical and evidence-based approach.
In Wang, D. Q.-H., & In Portincasa, P. A. M. (2017). Gallstones: Recent advances in epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management.
Jugenheimer, M., Immenroth, M., Berg, T., & Brenner, J. (2008). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Heidelberg: Springer.
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