Study Document
...Enlightenment Introduction
Paulo Freire rejected the traditional method of teaching, which consists mainly of passive learning, and advocated a more active learning approach. The style of learning he said worked best at shaping students was something similar to the Socratic method of dialogue and inquiry. This made students more engaged. Instead of sitting in their desks like passive receptacles waiting for information to be downloaded into their brains, they become more like participants in their own education, taking ownership of the educative process (Micheletti). The focus on active learning and the Socratic Method is what high schools need now more than ever. Considering that the U.S. Department of Education has found that every 26 seconds a student drops out of high school for a total of 7,000 students per day quitting school before they graduate, one can see that there is a veritable mass exodus of children from the education system (DoSomething.org).……
Works Cited
Adorno, Theodor and Max Horkheimer. The culture industry: Enlightenment as mass deception. Stardom and celebrity: A reader, 34, 2007.
DoSomething.org. “11 Facts about High School Dropout Rates.” https://www.dosomething.org/us/facts/11-facts-about-high-school-dropout-rates#fn1
Freire, Paulo. Pedagogy of the oppressed. Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 2018.
Kristjánsson, Kristján. \\\\\\\\\\\\"There is Something About Aristotle: The Pros and Cons of Aristotelianism in Contemporary Moral Education.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Journal of philosophy of education 48.1 (2014): 48-68.
Lickona, Thomas. \\\\\\\\\\\\"The return of character education.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Educational leadership 51.3 (1993): 6-11.
Micheletti, Gabrielle. “Re-Envisioning Paulo Freire\\\\\\\\\\\\'s “Banking Concept of Education’.” Inquiries Journal 2.2 (2010): 1. http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/171/re-envisioning-paulo-freires-banking-concept-of-education
Plato. Allegory of the Cave. https://web.stanford.edu/class/ihum40/cave.pdf
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… in the 19th century. It was romantic, vibrant, dark, brooding, frightening, exciting, and visceral. It resonated with readers because after a century of Enlightenment (hyper-emphasis on reason and naturalism), the romantic era had ushered in something desperately needed: feeling. Thus, authors of the 19th century, like Duncan ……
Works Cited
Gray, Charlotte, and Clara Thomas. "Flint and feather: the life and times of E Pauline Johnson, Tekahionwake." Canadian Woman Studies 23.1 (2003): 183.
Johnson, E. Pauline. “Pagan in St. Paul’s Cathedral.” http://fullonlinebook.com/essays/a-pagan-in-st-paul-s-cathedral/jhfy.html
Mulvey-Roberts, Marie, ed. The Handbook to Gothic literature. NYU Press, 1998.
Salem-Wiseman, Lisa. ""Verily, the White Man's Ways Were the Best": Duncan Campbell Scott, Native Culture, and Assimilation." Studies in Canadian Literature/Études en littérature canadienne (1996): 121-144.
Scott, D. C. “The Onondaga Madonna.”
Smith, Andrew. Gothic Literature. Edinburgh University Press, 2007.
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… they need to engage in leisure in the same manner? For the sake of some egalitarian principle that comes from the Age of Enlightenment?—itself an outdated and outmoded philosophical era rooted in naturalism?
The gender leisure gap is essentially an artificial construct meant to stir up antagonism ……
References
Balish, S. M., Deaner, R. O., Rathwell, S., Rainham, D., & Blanchard, C. (2016). Gender equality predicts leisure-time physical activity: Benefits for both sexes across 34 countries. Cogent Psychology, 3(1), 1174183.
Codina, N., & Pestana, J. V. (2019). Time Matters Differently in Leisure Experience for Men and Women: Leisure Dedication and Time Perspective. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(14), 2513.
Dallmeyer, S., Wicker, P., & Breuer, C. (2017). How an aging society affects the economic costs of inactivity in Germany: empirical evidence and projections. European review of aging and physical activity, 14(1), 18.
Goldhill, O. (2018). Scientific research shows gender is not just a social construct. Retrieved from https://qz.com/1190996/scientific-research-shows-gender-is-not-just-a-social-construct/
Porter, J. (2014). The gender leisure gap: Why women are losing their time to just chill out. Retrieved from https://www.fastcompany.com/3034205/the-gender-leisure-gap-why-women-are-losing-their-time-to-just-chill-out
Vadum, M. (2020). Transgender Trailblazer Legally Reclaims Original Sex. Retrieved from https://www.theepochtimes.com/transgender-trailblazer-legally-reclaims-male-sex_3192279.html
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...Enlightenment Proud Boys vs Antifa War of Words
Introduction and Research Question
When it comes to domestic extremism, there are groups on both the Right and the Left of the socio-political spectrum in America. And while they may differ ideologically, they can also have a great deal of similarities. This paper looks at two extremist groups in particular—Antifa on the Left and Proud Boys on the Right. The questions this paper poses are: What is the nature of Antifa and how does Proud Boys mirror the group from the opposite spectrum? How can these extremist groups best be countered? The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to compare and contrast the two groups while showing that they both represent deep sub-cultural trends among the American populace that are emerging into popular culture and have the potential of disrupting and subverting mainstream cultural norms. To accomplish this objective, this paper first reviews……
References
Breger, M. L. (2017). Reforming by re-norming: How the legal system has the potential to change a toxic culture of domestic violence. J. Legis., 44, 170.
Beinart, P. (2017). The rise of the violent left. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/the-rise-of-the-violent-left/534192/
Brockhoff, S., Krieger, T. & Meierrieks, D. (2014). Great expectations and hard times: the (nontrivial) impact of education on domestic terrorism. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 59(7), 1186-1215.
Brown, D. (2017). Proud boys founder. Retrieved from https://www.portlandmercury.com/blogtown/2017/12/12/19540403/proud-boys-founder-wants-to-trigger-the-entire-state-of-oregon-by-helping-patriot-prayers-joey-gibson-win-the-oregon-person-of-the-year- p
Cramer, E. P., Choi, Y. J., & Ross, A. I. (2017). Race, Culture, and Abuse of Persons with Disabilities. In Religion, Disability, and Interpersonal Violence (pp. 89-110). Springer, Cham.
Dalgaard-Nielsen, A. (2016). Countering violent extremism with governance networks. Perspectives on Terrorism, 10(6), 135-139.
DeCook, J. R. (2018). Memes and symbolic violence:# proudboys and the use of memes for propaganda and the construction of collective identity. Learning, Media and Technology, 43(4), 485-504.
Doyle, E. (Ed.). (2018). Antifa and the Radical Left. Greenhaven Publishing LLC.
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...Enlightenment “Where Do We Go From Here?”
Democracy was meant to be government by the rule of the people. Athens is most famous for being the ancient city-state to represent democratic government and in a way the city-state was best situated for democracy: the people were educated and keen on performing their civic duty—at least for a generation or two. By the time the playwright Aristophanes came along, some Athenians were shirking their civic duty to the extent that the satirist penned his most attack on Athenian complacency. The point is that democracy is only as effective as the people within the community are at performing their civic duty. When the very concept of civic-mindedness is lost or when the community becomes so large that it is impossible for people to govern directly, the concept of democracy can become a screen hiding a much more nefarious system of power like what……
Works Cited
Dahl, Robert. On Democracy.
Ferejohn, John. Is Inequality a Threat to Democracy?
Friedman, Milton. Capitalism and Freedom. University of Chicago Press.
Mansbridge, Jane. On the Importance of Getting Things Done. PS, 2012.
Runciman, David. The Confidence Trap. Princeton University Press.
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… Paine (1791) had identified the “Rights of Man” in his treatise by the same name, the Americans were not really interested in applying Enlightenment philosophy to its fullest, for they still wished to deny the Negro his fair share of equality. Slavery persisted for nearly another century ……
References
Declaration of Independence. (1776). Retrieved from http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/document/compare.html
Guelzo, A. C. (2000). Lincoln and the Abolitionists. The Wilson Quarterly, 24(4), 58-70.
O’Sullivan, J. (1845). Annexation. United States Magazine and Democratic Review, 17(1), 5-10.
Paine, T. (1791). The rights of man. Retrieved from https://www.ushistory.org/Paine/rights/
Van Voris, J. (1996). Carrie Chapman Catt: A Public Life. New York City: Feminist Press at CUNY.
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...Enlightenment Representations of Black Culture in the Media
Introduction
Culture theory is one theory that can be used to explain domestic violence. As Serrat (2017) notes, culture is the set of “distinctive ideas, beliefs, values, and knowledge” that define the way people behave and think (p. 31). This theory suggests that the way people act is based on the inputs they receive from their environment; and peers, groups, and media all go into shaping their perception of themselves and those around them (Bandura, 2018). If the culture in which they grow up signals to them that treating people in an inhumane way is acceptable, then those individuals are likely to engage in domestic violence acts as they feel or believe that it is an acceptable mode of behavior, sanctioned by the culture in which they live. The culture of media, friends, family, schools, churches and other organizations may all play a……
References
Adorno, T. & Horkheimer, M. (2007). The culture industry: Enlightenment as mass deception. Stardom and celebrity: A reader, 34, 2007.
Bandura, A. (2018). Toward a psychology of human agency: Pathways and reflections. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(2), 130-136. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617699280
Breger, M. L. (2017). Reforming by re-norming: How the legal system has the potential to change a toxic culture of domestic violence. J. Legis., 44, 170.
Cashmore, E. (2006). The Black culture industry. Routledge.
Coleman, L. (1974). Carl Van Vechten Presents the New Negro. Studies in the Literary Imagination, 7(2), 85.
Cramer, E. P., Choi, Y. J., & Ross, A. I. (2017). Race, Culture, and Abuse of Persons with Disabilities. In Religion, Disability, and Interpersonal Violence (pp. 89-110). Champaign, IL: Springer.
Davis, A. (2012). The Meaning of Freedom. San Francisco, CA: City Light Books.
Decker, J. L. (1993). The state of rap: Time and place in hip hop nationalism. Social Text, (34), 53-84.
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… new faces filled important provincial offices” when the Puritans took over the colony (197).
Hawthorne described life in…[break]…social structure, paid lip service to Enlightenment ideals while in practice only granting “equal rights” to land owning white men.
For that reason, women also had little status in colonial ……
Works Cited
Fantel, Hans. William Penn: Apostle of Dissent. NY: William Morrow & Co., 1974.
Graham, Michael. "Posish Plots: Protestant Fears in Early Colonial Maryland, 1676-1689." The Catholic historical review 79.2 (1993): 197-216.
Holton, W. Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.
Laux, John. Church History. New York: Benziger Brothers, 1933.
Melville, Herman. Clarel. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015005201424&view=1up&seq=9
Milder, R. Herman Melville. New York: Columbia University Press,1988.
Pyle, Ralph E., and James D. Davidson. "The origins of religious stratification in colonial America." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 42.1 (2003): 57-75.
Study Document
...Enlightenment Platform or app walkthrough – TikTok
Introduction
Social media has significantly transformed human interaction, and this is mainly due to the continuous innovations and applications that are being integrated into its ecosystem. One of such applications is the famous TikTok app. Developed and launched by ByteDance, a Beijing based company, TikTok offers its users a platform for creating and sharing lip-sync videos, short music, and looping videos, among others. Emerging in 2018 as the first most-downloaded Chinese app in the United States, TikTok has an approximate global userbase of over a billion people. In the context of its economic and infrastructural status and significance, TikTok is explored in this paper as regards its ownership, revenue (and source of the revenue), and market attributes.
Discussion
According to the platform concept proposed by Poell et al. (3), TikTok is a multi-sided market platform. This is because it efficiently connects the end-users, content……
Works-Cited List
Nieborg, David B., and Thomas Poell. "The platformization of cultural production: Theorizing the contingent cultural commodity." New Media & Society, vol. 20, no. 11, 2018, pp. 4275-4292.
Nieborg, David B., and Anne Helmond. "The political economy of Facebook’s platformization in the mobile ecosystem: Facebook Messenger as a platform instance." Media, Culture & Society, vol. 41, no. 2, 2018, pp. 196-218.
Plantin, Jean-Christophe, et al. "Infrastructure studies meet platform studies in the age of Google and Facebook." New Media & Society, vol. 20, no. 1, 2016, pp. 293-310.
Poell, Thomas and David Nieborg and José van Dijck. "Platformisation". Internet Policy Review 8.4 (2019). Web. 7 Mar. 2020.
Tiwana, Amrit. "The Value Proposition of Platforms." Platform Ecosystems, 2014, pp. 61-69.
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… England and Baptists in the South dominated the culture and politics of the colonies.
However, as time went on, revolutionary philosophers of the Enlightenment, including Thomas Paine, who rejected revealed religion (i.e., Christianity) and promoted the doctrines of the Revolution—liberty, fraternity and equality—helped to guide the colonies ……
References
Fantel, H. (1974). William Penn: Apostle of Dissent. NY: William Morrow & Co.
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