Deception Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Counterintelligence Issues Within The United States
… to collaborate with the private sector in the 21st century. Therefore, the themes this review will examine are: 1) the problematic nature of deception in intelligence work; 2) the role of ethics in counterintelligence; 3) a framework for analyzing the past; and 4) the need for clarity … past; and 4) the need for clarity and collaboration in counterintelligence efforts among the various agencies, organizations and actors.
The Problematic Nature of Deception
Deception is at the core of counterintelligence: yet, it is a problematic core because of the corruption associated with deception in ethical systems. Mattox (2002), for example, observed that the practice of deception “is subject to limitations imposed by the demands of morality” (4). Mattox (2002) makes the good point that intelligence professionals must “act in … (4). Yet, this point is not supported by all researchers, including Cohen (2016), who argues that there are no moral……
References
Bibliography
2020-2022 National Counterintelligence Strategy of the United States. 2020. Washington, DC: National Counterintelligence and Security Center
Bailey, Christopher and Susan M. Galich. 2012. “Codes of Ethics: The Intelligence Community.” International Journal of Intelligence Ethics 35 (2): 77-99.
Bernardi, Beatrice. 2013. "The Role of Intelligence in the Fight Against International Terrorism: Legal Profiles." Bachelor's thesis, Università Ca'Foscari Venezia.
Carson, Thomas L. 2010. Lying and Deception: Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press.
Cohen, Shlomo. 2016. "Are There Moral Limits to Military Deception?." Philosophia 44 (4): 1305-1318.
Coyne, John, Peter Bell, and Shannon Merrington. 2013. "Exploring ethics in intelligence and the role of leadership." Interntional Journal of Business and Commerce 2 (10): 27-37.
Erskine, Toni. 2004. "'As Rays of Light to the Human Soul'? Moral Agents and Intelligence Gathering." Intelligence & National Security 19 (2): 359-381.
Godson, Roy, and James J. Wirtz. 2000. "Strategic denial and deception." International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 13 (4): 424-437.
Study Document
Counterintelligence Issues Within United States
Morality of Counterintelligence Ethical Implications and the Need for a Theoretical Framework
CI Literature Review
Deception is at the core of counterintelligence: yet, it is a problematic core because of the corruption associated with deception in ethical systems. Mattox (2002), for example, observed that the practice of deception “is subject to limitations imposed by the demands of morality” (4). Unfortunately, morality within the realm of counterintelligence is often the first casualty, … (Valentine 2016). The official beginnings of counterintelligence under the leadership of James Jesus Angleton have illustrated the extent to which the art of deception can create problems within the intelligence community (Morley 2017, 69). Within this community itself there is no standard ethical framework applied (Bailey and … The ultimate purpose of this study is to propose a standardized ethical framework for guiding the counterintelligence program…[break]…which used to state, “By way of deception, thou shalt conduct war” (86). Nations thus……
References
Bibliography
2020-2022 National Counterintelligence Strategy of the United States. 2020. Washington, DC: National Counterintelligence and Security Center
Bailey, Christopher and Susan M. Galich. 2012. “Codes of Ethics: The Intelligence Community.” International Journal of Intelligence Ethics 35 (2): 77-99.
Bernardi, Beatrice. 2013. \\\\\\"The Role of Intelligence in the Fight Against International Terrorism: Legal Profiles.\\\\\\" Bachelor\\\\\\'s thesis, Università Ca\\\\\\'Foscari Venezia.
Carson, Thomas L. 2010. Lying and Deception: Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press.
Erskine, Toni. 2004. \\\\\\"\\\\\\'As Rays of Light to the Human Soul\\\\\\'? Moral Agents and Intelligence Gathering.\\\\\\" Intelligence & National Security 19 (2): 359-381.
Godson, Roy, and James J. Wirtz. 2000. \\\\\\"Strategic denial and deception.\\\\\\" International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 13 (4): 424-437.
Horkheimer, Max. 1972. Critical Theory. New York: Seabury Press.
Intelligence and National Security Alliance. 2020. Counterintelligence for the 21st Century. Arlington, VA.
Study Document
Angleton S Counterintelligence Program And What Went Wrong
… deceive one’s nation is in fact an ancient one, identified by Sun Tzu thousands of years ago (Select Committee on Intelligence 1986). Practicing deception while remaining free from the corrupting influences of deceivers has proven to be a challenge, however (Valentine 2016, 45). The circumstances under which … the proper degree of compartmentation of CI information, methods of operation, approaches to security, research priorities, extent of liaison cooperation, and emphasis on deception activities” (Church Committee 1976, 172). One dominant issue the Senate uncovered was the lack of cooperation among the various agencies on the counterintelligence ……
References
Reference List
Bailey, Christopher and Susan M. Galich. “Codes of Ethics: The Intelligence Community.” International Journal of Intelligence Ethics 35.2 (2012), 77-99.
Bartos, C. and P. Wehr. 2002. Using conflict theory. UK: University of Cambridge.
Bellaby, Ross. "What's the Harm? The Ethics of Intelligence Collection." Intelligence and National Security 27, no. 1 (2012): 93-117.
Church Committee. “Final report of the Select committee to study governmental operations With respect to Intelligence activities United states senate Together with Additional, supplemental, and separate Views.” Intelligence.senate.gov, 1976. https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/94755_I.pdf
Coyne, John, Peter Bell, and Shannon Merrington. "Exploring ethics in intelligence and the role of leadership." Interntional Journal of Business and Commerce 2, no. 10 (2013): 27-37.
Erskine, Toni. "'As Rays of Light to the Human Soul'? Moral Agents and Intelligence Gathering." Intelligence & National Security 19, no. 2 (2004): 359-381.
Nakashima, Ellen. “Top counterintelligence official challenges the private sector to step up defenses against foreign spying.” Washington Post, 2020. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/top-counterintelligence-official-challenges-the-private-sector-to-step-up-defenses-against-foreign-spying/2020/02/10/d842d83c-4c15-11ea-9b5c-eac5b16dafaa_story.html
Study Document
Shareholder Vs Stakeholder Theory
… business environment, stakeholder theory needs to be pursued instead of shareholder theory, and it will explain why starting with Friedman’s own words.
Without Deception or Fraud
Friedman believed that if a corporation is doing right by shareholders, the rest will take care of itself. The problem is … was permitted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) (Reda, 2018). That is significant because Friedman qualified his statement with the words “without deception or fraud.” The reason corporate share buybacks were illegal prior to 1982 was precisely because it was viewed as a form of market … problems of what happens when corporations stop acting ethically. They become destroyers rather than supporters of communities. When they engage in fraud and deception they undermine their own sustainability, which is exactly what one is likely to see in the long run with companies like Tesla—as has ……
References
References
Augustine. (n.d.). Commentaries on Sermon on the Mount. http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/16011.htm
Chen, J. (2019). Market Milestones as the Bull Market Turns 10. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/market-milestones-as-the-bull-market-turns-10-4588903
Egan, M. (2018). Tax cut triggers $437 billion explosion of stock buybacks. Retrieved from https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/10/investing/stock-buybacks-record-tax-cuts/index.html
Henrich, S. (2019). Unholy alliance. Retrieved from https://northmantrader.com/2019/11/30/unholy-alliance/
Laux, C., & Leuz, C. (2010). Did fair-value accounting contribute to the financial crisis?. Journal of economic perspectives, 24(1), 93-118.
Light, L. (2019). More than Half of All Stock Buybacks are Now Financed by Debt. Here’s Why That’s a Problem. Retrieved from https://fortune.com/2019/08/20/stock-buybacks-debt-financed/
Mullen, C. (2019). People want to buy \\\\\\'local\\\\\\' food, but they\\\\\\'re not sure what it means. Retrieved from https://www.bizjournals.com/bizwomen/news/latest-news/2019/05/people-want-to-buy-local-food-but-theyre-not-sure.html?page=all
Putka, G. (2019). Insiders are selling. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/company-insiders-are-selling-stock-during-buyback-programs-and-making-additional-profits-when-stock-prices-jump-and-its-legal/2019/11/06/fc592f58-e493-11e9-a331-2df12d56a80b_story.html
Study Document
Disguise In Fairy Tales
… will show how disguise in the fairy tale is used to deceive and how these tales themselves can serve as a kind of deception when they do not tell all the truth.
In “The Cat and Mouse in Partnership,” by the Brothers Grimm, there is no formal … Mouse in Partnership,” by the Brothers Grimm, there is no formal disguise donned by either the cat or the mouse, but there is deception that leads to a very real world ending—which makes this fairy tale one of the more grim and haunting of all the tales ……
References
Works Cited
“The Ballad of Mulan.”
Brothers Grimm. “The Cat and Mouse in Partnership.” https://www.pitt.edu/~dash/grimm002.html
Brothers Grimm. “Red Riding Hood.” https://www.pitt.edu/~dash/grimm026.html
Jurich, Marilyn. Scheherazade's sisters: Trickster heroines and their stories in world literature. No. 167. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1998. Sexton, Anne. “Cinderella.”
Tatar, Maria. "Female tricksters as double agents." The Cambridge Companion to Fairy Tales (2015): 39-59.
Study Document
Fake News Detection
… categorizing news along a continuum of veracity, with an associated measure of certainty” (1). They determined that veracity (truthfulness) is damaged when intentional deceptions are put out in the media. Because the nature of digital media and online news publication is so rapid, there is no mechanism ……
References
References
Conroy, Niall J., Victoria L. Rubin, and Yimin Chen. "Automatic deception detection: Methods for finding fake news." Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology 52.1 (2015): 1-4.
Rubin, Victoria L., Yimin Chen, and Niall J. Conroy. "Deception detection for news: three types of fakes." Proceedings of the 78th ASIS&T Annual Meeting: Information Science with Impact: Research in and for the Community. American Society for Information Science, 2015.
Ruchansky, Natali, Sungyong Seo, and Yan Liu. "Csi: A hybrid deep model for fake news detection." Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. ACM, 2017.
Shu, Kai, et al. "Fake news detection on social media: A data mining perspective." ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter19.1 (2017): 22-36.
Wang, William Yang. "" liar, liar pants on fire": A new benchmark dataset for fake news detection." arXiv preprint arXiv:1705.00648 (2017).
Study Document
Israel And Palestine A Problem Of Two Cultures
… demonstrate the church’s commitment to exposing deceptive powers that deny people the fullness of life. If they themselves are taking part in the deception by living a life of luxury and ignoring the plight of the common man they are not going to able to give the ……
References
Works Cited
Keum, Jooseop, ed. Together towards life: Mission and evangelism in changing landscapes: With a practical guide. World Council of Churches Publications, 2013.
Study Document
Moral Reasoning Human Trafficking
Introduction
Human trafficking is defined as “the acquisition of people by improper means such as force, fraud or deception, with the aim of exploiting them” (UNODC, 2015). However, as with any definition or label, there is a subjective interpretation that exists alongside … shaped. If information from the government and from NGOs is inaccurate the view of people in communities will be based on falsehoods and deceptions used for political purposes. A truly moral approach to the issue of human trafficking depends not upon sensationalized messaging but rather upon the ……
References
References
Beatson, J., & Hanley, J. (2017). The intersection of exploitation and coercion in cases of Canadian labour trafficking. Journal of law and social policy, 26, 137.
Brock, D., & Teixeira, R. (2014). Beyond exploitation and trafficking: Canadian critical perspectives on sex work. Labour: Journal of Canadian Labour Studies/Le Travail: revue d’Études Ouvrières Canadiennes, 74.
De Shalit, A., Heynen, R., & van der Meulen, E. (2014). Human trafficking and media myths: Federal funding, communication strategies, and Canadian anti-trafficking programs. Canadian Journal of Communication, 39(3).
Holmes, A. (2007). Ethics: Approaching moral decisions. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.
Lam, E., & Lepp, A. (2019). Butterfly: Resisting the harms of anti-trafficking policies and fostering peer-based organising in Canada. Anti-trafficking review, (12), 91-107.
UNODC. (2015). UNODC on human trafficking and migrant smuggling. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Retrieved from https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/
Study Document
Mahatama Gandhi
...Deception Gandhi
The year 2019 marked the 150th birthday of the “Father of the Indian Nation,” Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (1869- 1948), who is remembered as one among the key figures of India’s twentieth-century independence struggle. Several commemorative events were observed in the country as well as abroad in celebration of his legacy of a peaceful struggle against British colonialism and India’s ultimate freedom from colonial rule. One simply cannot underestimate the motivation provided by Gandhian nonviolence tactics to all kinds of freedom struggles to later crop up, right from the US Civil Rights Movement, other wars against colonialism (e.g., Ghana), anti-war, anti-nuclear, and peace movements, some elements of South Africa’s apartheid movement, and the latest Palestinian struggles, to the modern-day climate change-related Extinction Rebellion (Ahmed, 2019).
The degree of peaceful resistance employed against colonial forces was different for different nations: peaceful resistance was, perhaps, most actively utilized in the Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, and……
References
References
Ahmed, T. (2019). Mohandas Gandhi: Experiments in civil disobedience. USA: Pluto Press. Retrieved from https://s3.amazonaws.com/supadu-imgix/plutopress-uk/pdfs/look-inside/LI-9780745334288.pdf
Anthology. (n.d.). World war II and peace 1939-1945.
Isalska, A. (2018). A French village committed to deception. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20180806-a-french-village-committed-to-deception
Sinclair, I. (2017). Resisting the Nazis in numerous ways: nonviolence in occupied Europe. Retrieved from https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/non-violence-against-nazis-interview-with-george-paxton/
Study Document
Trust And Relationships In Negotiation
...Deception Trust and Relationships in Negotiation
Introduction
Successful negotiations rely heavily upon the ability of those involved to develop trust and build solid relationships. If parties to a negotiation cannot trust one another and do not develop the kind of relationships required, it is highly unlikely that they will arrive at the kind of satisfactory, win-win outcome that all sides desire. But how does one define trust? What steps can be taken to best support a working relationship? How can one tell if one is moving towards a successful negotiation or working against one’s own best interests? This paper will review the topic of trust and relationship development in negotiations to show how one can approach the problem of trust and relationship building while working on negotiating an outcome that satisfies all parties.
What is Trust?
Trust is a concept that has different meanings depending on how one thinks of its……
References
References
Butler Jr, J. K. (1999). Trust expectations, information sharing, climate of trust, and negotiation effectiveness and efficiency. Group & Organization Management, 24(2), 217-238.
Lewicki, R. J., & Stevenson, M. A. (1997). Trust development in negotiation: Proposed actions and a research agenda. Business & Professional Ethics Journal, 16(1/3), 99-132.
Olekalns, M., & Smith, P. L. (2009). Mutually dependent: Power, trust, affect and the use of deception in negotiation. Journal of Business Ethics, 85(3), 347-365.
Ross, W., & LaCroix, J. (1996). Multiple meanings of trust in negotiation theory and research: A literature review and integrative model. International Journal of Conflict Management. 7(4), 314–360.
Shell, G. R. (1991). Opportunism and trust in the negotiation of commercial contracts:Toward a new cause of action. Vand. L. Rev., 44, 221.
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