Court Case Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Arguments For And Against Parole For Juvenile Offenders Sentenced
… crimes.
3
The documentary does a good job of showing both sides of the issue, giving air time to those who oppose the court decision to allow teen offenders to be eligible for parole even though they have been given life sentences. The victims’ families give their ……
Study Document
Trolley Problems And Self Driving Cars
…
Introduction
The trolley problem is an old moral quandary that essentially has no wrong or right answer. It is a kind of worst case scenario in which one must choose the lesser of two evils. For example, a runaway trolley is set to crash and kill five … a connecting set of tracks. Is there a morally wrong or right answer to the question? And how does it apply in the case of self-driving cars? How should an engineer program an autonomous vehicle to respond to such a worst case scenario? Should the machine be programmed to swerve and take the life of an innocent man on the sidewalk so as to avoid … happen all the time. Teslas are notorious for crashing in auto pilot mode. They are sold as being fully self-driving, yet a German court recently found that Teslas are not self-driving and that marketing them……
References
Works Cited
Carter, Stacy M. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Overdiagnosis, ethics, and trolley problems: why factors other than outcomes matter—an essay by Stacy Carter.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Bmj 358 (2017): j3872.
Ewing, J. “German Court Says Tesla Self-Driving Claims Are Misleading.” New York Times, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/14/business/tesla-autopilot-germany.html
Himmelreich, Johannes. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Never mind the trolley: The ethics of autonomous vehicles in mundane situations.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 21.3 (2018): 669-684.
Marshall, Aarian. “What Can the Trolley Problem Teach Self-Driving Car Engineers?” Wired, 2010. https://www.wired.com/story/trolley-problem-teach-self-driving-car-engineers/
Nyholm, Sven. \\\\\\\\\\\\"The ethics of crashes with self?driving cars: A roadmap, I.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Philosophy Compass 13.7 (2018): e12507.
Nyholm, Sven, and Jilles Smids. \\\\\\\\\\\\"The ethics of accident-algorithms for self-driving cars: An applied trolley problem?.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Ethical theory and moral practice 19.5 (2016): 1275-1289.
Pojman, L. and J. Fieser. Ethics: Discovering Right and Wrong. Cengage, 2012.
Snow, Nancy E. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Neo-Aristotelian Virtue Ethics.\\\\\\\\\\\\" The Oxford Handbook of Virtue. Oxford University Press, 2018. 321.
Study Document
Compare Between Monarchy And Democracy
… monarch can be implemented over a life time instead of rushed through in the brief span of a few years as is the case in democratic countries where elected leaders have term limits. The monarch can proceed more slowly and cautiously and adopt a long-term vision, whereas … the opportunity to engage in reform and root out corruption. However, if the monarch himself is corrupt or appoints corrupt officials throughout his court, corruption can undermine the advantages of the system. This can lead to civil unrest, especially if the governed feel that the monarch looks … constitution, yet he can also rule by edict with Executive Orders, so long as they are not challenged and overturned by the Supreme court (Lumen, 2020).
In conclusion, on the surface it may seem that monarchical systems of government and democratic systems of government are very different, ……
References
References
Brookings Institute. (2013). Kings for all seasons. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Resilience-Arab-Monarchies_English.pdf
Katz, N. (2019). How super pacs shape u.s. Elections with advertisements that portraym candidates in ways publicly identified campaign ads often avoid. Retrieved from https://scholars.org/contribution/how-super-pacs-shape-us-elections-advertisements-portray-candidates-ways-publicly
Lumen. (2020). Forms of government. Retrieved from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-herkimer-introsociology/chapter/reading-forms-of-government/
Soskis, B. (2017). George Soros and the Demonization of Philanthropy. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/12/soros-philanthropy/547247/
Study Document
Criminal Justice Ethical Issues
… just a recognition that people in society are going to have vices and will want to indulge them.
It used to be the case that vices were understood and accepted as part of human nature and so there would be the “red light” districts where people went ……
References
References
Rindels, M. (2018). How legal prostitution works in Nevada. Retrieved from https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/the-indy-explains-how-legal-prostitution-works-in-nevada
Wilhelm, R. (2019). Effective counsel. Retrieved from https://www.lawyers.com/legal-info/criminal/criminal-law-basics/effective-or-ineffective-assistance-of-counsel.html
Study Document
Gun Control Act Of 1968
… state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed” (Hayes, 2016, p. 33). There have been several court rulings that appear to reinforce or entrench this perspective. The said rulings include, but they are not limited to McDonald v. City of … of Chicago (2010) (Johnson, Kopel, and Mocsary, 2017). On the other hand, proponents of stricter gun control laws often cite the U.S. Supreme court majority opinion in District of Columbia et al. v. Heller (2008) in an attempt to advance their position that unlimited rights to gun … like the NRA have in as far as the general election process is concerned cannot also be overstated. This is more so the case given their tendency to make hefty contributions to their politicians of choice. All these factors come together to frustrate efforts for stricter gun … think tanks should come up……
References
References
Ausman, J.I. & Faria, M.A. (2019). Is Gun Control Really About People Control? Surgical Neurology International, 10(6), 195-204.
Bouton, L., Conconi, P., Pino, F. & Zanardi, M. (2014). Guns and Votes. Retrieved from https://www.nber.org/papers/w20253
Cole, G.F., Smith, C.E. & DeJong, C. (2016). Criminal Justice in America (9th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Gramlich, J. & Schaeffer, K. (2019). 7 facts about guns in the U.S. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/10/22/facts-about-guns-in-united-states/
Hayes, V. (2016). Gun Control in the United States. Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs, 4(2), 33-39.
Johnson, N.J., Kopel, D.B. & Mocsary, G.A. (2017). Firearms Law and the Second Amendment: Regulation, Rights, and Policy. New York, NY: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business.
Joslyn, M., Haider-Markel, D., Baggs, M. & Bilbo, A. (2017). Emerging Political Identities? Gun Ownership and Voting in Presidential Elections. Social Science Quarterly, 98(2), 382-396.
Webster, D.W. & Wintemute, G.J. (2015). Effects of Policies Designed to Keep Firearms from High-Risk Individuals. Annual Review of Public Health, 36, 21-37.
Study Document
US Marshals In Civil Rights Era
… signed into law the Judiciary act on September 24, 1789, which charged the marshals with the enforcement of laws and actions in federal court. They assisted the court to serve subpoenas, warrants, and capture federal fugitives even though they evolved to handle day to day law enforcement duties in counties that ……
References
References
Larry K. Gaines, V. E. (2014). Policing in America. New York: Routledge.
Skocpol, T. (1999). Advocates without Members: the recent transformation of American civic life. In T. Skocpol, Civic Engagement in American Democracy (pp. 461-480). Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Study Document
Intelligence Oversight Ethics
… have swung from collecting every piece of digital data on Internet users to being more mindful of the privacy rights of persons: from court to Congress to media firms and technology companies, changes have been introduced designed to protect the privacy rights of Internet users (Wizner 2017). … required if undertaken for law enforcement purposes, provided that such techniques shall not be undertaken unless the Attorney General has determined in each case that there is probable cause to believe that the technique is directed against a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power … swept both aside. Prior to Reagan’s EO, the federal government had struggled with the issue of IO, and had gone to the FISA court for surveillance requests (Brown and Cinquegrana 1985). Reagan’s EO, however, put an end to who had the authority to grant surveillance. What remained ……
References
References
Bailey, Christopher and Susan M. Galich. “Codes of Ethics: The Intelligence Community.” International Journal of Intelligence Ethics 35.2 (2012), 77-99.
Brown, William F., and Americo R. Cinquegrana. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Warrantless Physical Searches for Foreign Intelligence Purposes: Executive Order 12,333 and the Fourth Amendment.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Cath. UL Rev. 35 (1985): 97.
Cantarella, Michele. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Intelligence ethics in the digital age.\\\\\\\\\\\\" (2016).
Congressional Research Service, “CIA Ethics Education: Background and Perspectives” (2018).
Ferrari, Rachel. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Moral Relativism and Dangerous Ethical Dilemmas in the US Intelligence Community.\\\\\\\\\\\\" (2018).
Ford, Christopher M. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Intelligence Demands in a Democratic State: Congressional Intelligence Oversight.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Tul. L. Rev. 81 (2006): 721.
Goldman, Jan. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Teaching About Intelligjence and Ethics.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Journal of US Intelligence Studies 20, no. 2 (2013): 79.
Hayes, Jonathan. \\\\\\\\\\\\"The Cinema of Oliver Stone: Art, Authorship and Activism by Ian
Study Document
Privacy In Social Networks Regarding Machine Learning
… issue of using machine learning to violate privacy rights on social networks. Just as legislation emerged following the embarrassment of a U.S. Supreme court Justice nominee in the 1980s, today’s legislators need to understand the parameters and risks of machine learning with respect to data privacy on ……
References
References
Balle, B., Gascón, A., Ohrimenko, O., Raykova, M., Schoppmmann, P., & Troncoso, C. (2019, November). PPML\\\\\\\\\\\\'19: Privacy Preserving Machine Learning. In Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (pp. 2717-2718). ACM.
Bilogrevic, I., Huguenin, K., Agir, B., Jadliwala, M., Gazaki, M., & Hubaux, J. P. (2016). A machine-learning based approach to privacy-aware information-sharing in mobile social networks. Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 25, 125-142.
Bonawitz, K., Ivanov, V., Kreuter, B., Marcedone, A., McMahan, H. B., Patel, S., ... & Seth, K. (2017, October). Practical secure aggregation for privacy-preserving machine learning. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (pp. 1175-1191). ACM.
Hunt, T., Song, C., Shokri, R., Shmatikov, V., & Witchel, E. (2018). Chiron: Privacy-preserving machine learning as a service. arXiv preprint arXiv:1803.05961.
Lindsey, N. (2019). New Research Study Shows That Social Media Privacy Might Not Be Possible. Retrieved from https://www.cpomagazine.com/data-privacy/new-research-study-shows-that-social-media-privacy-might-not-be-possible/
Mohassel, P., & Zhang, Y. (2017, May). Secureml: A system for scalable privacy-preserving machine learning. In 2017 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP) (pp. 19-38). IEEE.
Mooney, S. J., & Pejaver, V. (2018). Big data in public health: terminology, machine learning, and privacy. Annual review of public health, 39, 95-112.
Oh, S. J., Benenson, R., Fritz, M., & Schiele, B. (2016, October). Faceless person recognition: Privacy implications in social media. In European Conference on Computer Vision (pp. 19-35). Springer, Cham.
Study Document
Stephen Kings The Outsider Persuasive Argument
… is sufficient evidence to charge the alleged killer – a teacher by the name Terry Maitland. While the evidence police gather in this case directly connects Maitland to the crime, the teacher has what appears to be an irrefutable alibi. As a matter of fact, when he … Modern science has been of great relevance in as far as aiding detectives in their work is concerned. This is more so the case when it comes to forensic identification. To a large extent, it is possible to actively utilize trace evidence to identify specific objects. It … scout for trace evidence left behind by suspects in a bid to identify the actual perpetrators.
In an attempt to ensure fairness in court procedures…[break]…is cracked not by scientific ingenuity, but by the objectivity of an individual who is open to all possibilities – including those that ……
References
Works Cited
Kind, Stephen. The Outsider. Simon and Schuster, 2019.
Study Document
Learning Goals Real Life Experience And Personal Experience
… and support for offender community services, sex offender treatment, offender substance abuse treatment, and offender reintegration. I also helped offenders with housing and court costs. My main responsibility in my internship position was to provide assistance and support to probation officers so that they could effectively carry … to probation officers so that they could effectively carry out their duties. This means sometimes I could help with the management of some case, for example, through conducting interviews with offenders to find out their progress with finding housing, getting jobs, and any issues or challenges they … first-hand experience. As time went on, I got assigned to handle other tasks at the probation office. I worked with officers handling the case of different types of offenders and I usually managed to handle the tasks that they assigned to me.
I got to enjoy my … my time as an intern……
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