Trial Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Reforming The Criminal System
… Defenders, which work with national organizations to reform the justice system (Ziegelheim, 2018).
The current arrest and detention process is as follows:
The pretrial process consists of
Bail reform statistics in New Jersey show signs of progress. According to the Drug Policy Alliance (2019), the pretrial prison population has declined almost by half over the past 3 years, which means fewer people are sitting in jail while awaiting trial and are instead able to get back to their lives thanks to bail reform. Less than 1% of those arrested were hit with … the person agrees to plead guilty, usually to a lesser charge with the expectation of receiving a lighter sentence and avoiding a costly trial; most cases end at this stage without a trial ever becoming necessary; many advocates for reform view this as an abuse because prosecutors put pressure on defendants to accept a plea deal……
References
References
ACLU. (2019). ACLU lawsuit goes after $2 billion bail industry that profits off poor people. Retrieved from https://www.aclu.org/press-releases/aclu-lawsuit-goes-after-2-billion-bail-industry-profits-poor-people " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
Veterans Back Pain Exercise And Therapy
...Trial PICOT Question
Introduction
Low back pain is a common health challenge for both active and former military service members. Among the military veterans, low back pain places higher risk and has been indicated to be bear the potential for long-term disability (Bagg et al., 2017). There is a lack of effective treatment strategies, and thus, military veterans rely on pain management strategies and other medical strategies, e.g., medical imaging, opioids, injections, and surgery. To both the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Department of Veteran Affairs (VA), the costs of care for members with low back pain have been on the rise; necessitating the need for research on the effectiveness of some of the available methods for treating and managing low back pain. Some of the methods available are non-narcotic pain medication, yoga stretches, and physiotherapy. These interventions can be administered in combination or singly (Bagg et al., 2017). This……
References
References
Bagg, M. K., Hübscher, M., Rabey, M., Wand, B. M., O’Hagan, E., Moseley, G. L., ... & O’Connell, N. E. (2017). The RESOLVE Trial for people with chronic low back pain: protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Journal of physiotherapy, 63(1), 47-48.
Chou, R., Deyo, R., Friedly, J., Skelly, A., Hashimoto, R., Weimer, M., ... & Grusing, S. (2017). Nonpharmacologic therapies for low back pain: a systematic review for an American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline. Annals of internal medicine, 166(7), 493-505.
Dehghan, M., & FarahbOD, F. (2014). The efficacy of thermotherapy and cryotherapy on pain relief in patients with acute low back pain, a clinical trial study. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 8(9), LC01.
Denneson, L. M., Corson, K., & Dobscha, S. K. (2011). Complementary and alternative medicine use among veterans with chronic noncancer pain—Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 48(9).
Guzmán, J., Esmail, R., Karjalainen, K., Malmivaara, A., Irvin, E., & Bombardier, C. (2001). Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for chronic low back pain: systematic review. BMJ, 322(7301), 1511-1516.
Hayden, J. A., Van Tulder, M. W., & Tomlinson, G. (2005). Systematic review: strategies for using exercise therapy to improve outcomes in chronic low back pain. Annals of internal medicine, 142(9), 776-785.
Kim, E. J., Choi, Y. D., Lim, C. Y., Kim, K. H., & Lee, S. D. (2015). Effect of heating and cooling combination therapy on patients with chronic low back pain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 16(1), 285.
Nitsure, P. V., Pathania, T. S., & Bilgi, T. A. (2014). Comparison of elastic resistance band exercises and yoga in physiotherapy students with chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Yoga & Physical Therapy, 5, 180.
Study Document
Criminal Justice Reform And Bail Reform
… which reform is needed is the issue of bail. Bail is the bond that allows an arrested individual to leave jail while awaiting trial, which could last for many months. If the individual has the money, he may post bail. If not, he is stuck in jail. … Essentially, the system favors the rich over the poor (ACLU, 2019). There are many examples of abuses regarding bail—from the woman mistakenly jailed pre-trial, who ended up losing her job and kids as a result (Woods & Rosnick, 2019) to the $2 billion bail industry that profits … of incarceration, the rise in racial profiling, and other abuses—such as prosecutors essentially cornering suspects into pleading guilty just to avoid a lengthy trial and a potentially harsher sentence if the defense should fail to persuade of innocence (Vitiello, 2003). Reform measures have been around for as … bond, recognizance, property bond, immigration……
References
References
ACLU. (2019). ACLU lawsuit goes after $2 billion bail industry that profits off poor people. Retrieved from https://www.aclu.org/press-releases/aclu-lawsuit-goes-after-2-billion-bail-industry-profits-poor-people " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
Diabetes
Critique
The article by Lynch et al. (2019) is entitled “Randomized Trial of a Lifestyle Intervention for Urban Low-Income African Americans with Type 2 Diabetes” and appeared in JGIM: Journal of General Internal Medicine. The … entitled “The Feasibility of Health Trainer Improved Patient Self-Management in Patients with Low Health Literacy and Poorly Controlled Diabetes: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial” and appeared in Journal of Diabetes Research. This paper will critique the two articles by evaluating information pertaining to their titles, abstracts, introductions, … et al. (2019). Both…[break]…they met the rest of Polit and Beck’s (2017) criteria.
Research Design
Protheroe et al. (2016) used a randomized control trial for their research design. Lynch et al. (2019) did the same. According to Polit and Beck (2017), “a control group is a key part of … for their research design. Lynch et al. (2019) did the same. According to Polit and Beck (2017), “a control group……
References
References
Lynch, E. B., Mack, L., Avery, E., Wang, Y., Dawar, R., Richardson, D., … Fogelfeld, L. (2019). Randomized Trial of a Lifestyle Intervention for Urban Low-Income African Americans with Type 2 Diabetes. JGIM: Journal of General Internal Medicine, 34(7), 1174–1183. https://doi-org.ezproxy.loyno.edu/10.1007/s11606-019-04894-y
Protheroe, J., Rathod, T., Bartlam, B., Rowlands, G., Richardson, G., & Reeves, D. (2016). The Feasibility of Health Trainer Improved Patient Self-Management in Patients with Low Health Literacy and Poorly Controlled Diabetes: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial. Journal of Diabetes Research, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6903245
Study Document
Importance Of Ethics Within The Criminal Justice
… entirely dismissed (Indiana Supreme Court Disciplinary Commission vs. Dan E. F. Daniels, 2015).
2.1. What happened and the liabilities the lawyer suffered
The trial officer discovered the following facts: (1) The respondent had faced prior punishment for such misconduct; (2) the respondent’s negligence was inspired by selfish … not cooperating with officers during the investigation; and (5) the respondent refused to accept their misconduct (Indiana Supreme Court v DANIELS, 2015). The trial officer did not find any facts in mitigation.
Violations: The court found that the respondent breached the Indiana Conduct Rules that prohibit the ……
References
References
Braswell, M. C., McCarthy, B. R., & McCarthy, B. J. (2017). Justice, crime, and ethics. Taylor & Francis.
Kramer, L. (2018). Why Is Ethics Important in Criminal Justice? Legal Beagle. Retrieved from https://legalbeagle.com/6386561-ethics-important-criminal-justice.html
News Services (2008, June 13). Woman gets $7.7M in false arrest case, Chicago Tribune. Retrieved from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2008-06-13-0806130382-story.html
Sahakian, W. S., & Sahakian, M. L. (1966). Ideas of the great philosophers (No. 218). Barnes & Noble Publishing.
Souryal, S. S., & Whitehead, J. T. (2019). Ethics in criminal justice: In search of the truth. Routledge. Case law
Indiana Supreme Court Disciplinary Commission vs. Dana E. F. DANIELS, Supreme Court Cause No. 49S00-1402-DI-133, (2015).
Jackson v. City of Chicago, No. 03 C 8289, (July 31, 2006).
Study Document
Developing A Research Hypothesis
...Trial Abstract
Developing a researchable question is one of the challenging tasks a researcher encounters when initiating a project. In current clinical practice, both unanswered issues or when experiences dictate alternative therapies may provoke an investigator to formulate a clinical research question. This paper describes PICO (population, intervention, control, and outcomes) criteria in framing a research question. Finally, it assesses the characteristics of a peer-reviewed article on urinary tract infections.
Part 1
EBM, shorthand for Evidence-Based Medicine, is a core aspect of the medical profession. EBM provides statistical analyses and matters of clinical concern. It is based on research, reading, analysis, and combining many papers generated within the medical fraternity. EBM applications based on research evidence and clinical knowledge and reviews of the system go a long way in improving clinical decisions. Usually, the PICO guideline is applied in developing a comprehensive, focused definition of clinical concern. In such a system,……
References
References
Considine, J., Shaban, R. Z., Fry, M., & Curtis, K. (2017). Evidence-based emergency nursing: designing a research question and searching the literature. International emergency nursing, 32, 78-82.
Eriksen, M. B., & Frandsen, T. F. (2018). The impact of patient, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) as a search strategy tool on literature search quality: a systematic review. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, 106(4), 420.
Yuan, X., Xiaoli, L., Shilei, L., Qinwen, S., & Ke, L. (2019, May). Extracting PICO elements from RCT abstracts using 1-2gram analysis and multitask classification. In Proceedings of the third International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics 2019 (pp. 194-199).
Scells, H., Zuccon, G., Koopman, B., Deacon, A., Azzopardi, L., &Geva, S. (2017, November). Integrating the framing of clinical questions via PICO into the retrieval of medical literature for systematic reviews. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (pp. 2291-2294).
Basmaci, R., Vazouras, K., Bielicki, J., Folgori, L., Hsia, Y., Zaoutis, T., &Sharland, M. (2017). Urinary tract infection antibiotic trial study design: a systematic review. Pediatrics, 140(6).
Misra, D. P., & Agarwal, V. (2018). Systematic reviews: challenges for their justification, related comprehensive searches, and implications. Journal of Korean medical science, 33(12).
Belcher, B. M., Rasmussen, K. E., Kemshaw, M. R., &Zornes, D. A. (2016). Defining and assessing research quality in a transdisciplinary context. Research Evaluation, 25(1), 1-17.
Fu, D. Y., & Hughey, J. J. (2019). Meta-Research: Releasing a preprint is associated with more attention and citations for the peer-reviewed article. Elife, 8, e52646.
Study Document
Psychological Health
… treatments have been developed mainly founded on cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, or interpersonal approaches. According to one latest huge network meta-analysis involving 198 random trials conducted on patients suffering from depression, even though the amount of proof differed across the individual treatments, the health impacts appeared to be … differed across the individual treatments, the health impacts appeared to be of the same magnitude (Barth et al., 2016).
The majority of the trials involved in this huge meta-analysis were conducted in specialized mental healthcare surroundings. Two questions arise about the treatment and management of depression, particularly … healthcare surroundings. Two questions arise about the treatment and management of depression, particularly in primary care.
One, can we infer the discoveries from trials conducted in specialized metal healthcare surroundings to primary care? Patients suffering from depression in primary care at times have more somatic or less … if the journal was peer-reviewed.……
References
References
Australian Psychological Society. (2010). Evidence?based psychological interventions in the treatment of mental disorders: A literature review. Victoria: Australian Psychological Association.
Barth, J., Munder, T., Gerger, H., Nüesch, E., Trelle, S., Znoj, H., ... & Cuijpers, P. (2016). Comparative efficacy of seven psychotherapeutic interventions for patients with depression: a network meta-analysis. Focus, 14(2), 229-243.
Castelnuovo, G. (2017). New and old adventures of clinical health psychology in the twenty-first century: standing on the shoulders of giants. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 1214.
Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J., Sawyer, A. T., & Fang, A. (2012). The efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Cognitive therapy and research, 36(5), 427-440.
Hughes, A. M., Gordon, R., Chalder, T., Hirsch, C. R., & Moss?Morris, R. (2016). Maximizing the potential impact of experimental research into cognitive processes in health psychology: A systematic approach to material development. British journal of health psychology, 21(4), 764-780.
Kirkham, J. G., Choi, N., & Seitz, D. P. (2016). Meta?analysis of problem solving therapy for the treatment of major depressive disorder in older adults. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 31(5), 526-535.
Lenz, A. S., Hall, J., & Bailey Smith, L. (2016). Meta-analysis of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for decreasing symptoms of acute depression. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 41(1), 44-70.
Linde, K., Rücker, G., Sigterman, K., Jamil, S., Meissner, K., Schneider, A., & Kriston, L. (2015). Comparative effectiveness of psychological treatments for depressive disorders in primary care: network meta-analysis. BMC family practice, 16(1), 103.
Study Document
Alzhemier S Prevention Healthcare
…
Article 2:
Kwok, T. C. Y., Lam, L. C. W., Sea, M. M. M., Goggins, W., & Woo, J. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of dietetic interventions to prevent cognitive decline in old age hostel residents. European journal of clinical nutrition, 66(10), 1135.
Article 3:
Dangour, A. D., Whitehouse, … dietary interventions for prevention of dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
The scope of the study is randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials, published or unpublished, reported in any language
The rationale for the study is that forthcoming prevalence and financial consequences of dementia are such … Ernesto C, Grundman M, Sano M, Bieliauskas L, Geldmacher D, Clark C, Thal LJ (1997) Development of cognitive instruments for use in clinical trials of antidementia drugs: additions to the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale that broaden its scope. The Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord ……
References
References
Abraham, R. P., Denton, D. A., Al?Assaf, A. S., Rutjes, A. W., Chong, L. Y., Malik, M. A., & Tabet, N. (2015). Vitamin and mineral supplementation for prevention of dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (10).
Kwok, T. C. Y., Lam, L. C. W., Sea, M. M. M., Goggins, W., & Woo, J. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of dietetic interventions to prevent cognitive decline in old age hostel residents. European journal of clinical nutrition, 66(10), 1135.
Dangour, A. D., Whitehouse, P. J., Rafferty, K., Mitchell, S. A., Smith, L., Hawkesworth, S., & Vellas, B. (2010). B-vitamins and fatty acids in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer\\'s disease and dementia: a systematic review. Journal of Alzheimer\\'s disease, 22(1), 205-224.
Study Document
Rosacea Skin Condition
… Zuuren, 2017)
Some common prescriptions such as Benzyl peroxide for topical application, singly or in combination with antibiotics, the topical retinoids
Randomized controlled trials on Azithromycin and erythromycin have either not produced the desired results or not been conducted at all. There is no tangible evidence for … treatment and how long it takes for a response to occur.
Using standardized and outcome measures that are validated would aid comparisons across trials and meta-analysis data synthesis (Iyengar et al., 2016). A procedure for developing a primary list of outcomes to be examined in clinical trials for rosacea treatment was recently published.
Conclusion
Rosacea is a long term ailment affecting your skin and, sometimes, your eyes too. It reddens ……
References
References
Biggers, A. (Reviewer) (2020). Can Rosacea Be Cured? New Treatments and Research. Healthline. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/rosacea/research-cure-update
Gallo, R. L., Granstein, R. D., Kang, S., Mannis, M., Steinhoff, M., Tan, J., & Thiboutot, D. (2018). Standard classification and pathophysiology of rosacea: The 2017 update by the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 78(1), 148-155.
Iyengar, S., Williamson, P. R., Schmitt, J., Johannsen, L., Maher, I. A., Sobanko, J. F., ... & Alam, M. (2016). Development of a core outcome set for clinical trials in rosacea: study protocol for a systematic review of the literature and identification of a core outcome set using a Delphi survey. Trials, 17(1), 429.
Oge, L. K., Muncie Jr, H. L., & Phillips-Savoy, A. R. (2015). Rosacea: diagnosis and treatment. American family physician, 92(3), 187-196.
Steinhoff, M., Schauber, J., & Leyden, J. J. (2013). New insights into rosacea pathophysiology: a review of recent findings. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 69(6), S15-S26.
Van Zuuren, E. J. (2017). Rosacea. New England Journal of Medicine, 377(18), 1754-1764.
Van Zuuren, E. J., Fedorowicz, Z., Carter, B., van der Linden, M. M., & Charland, L. (2015). Interventions for rosacea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (4).
Walsh, R. K., Endicott, A. A., & Shinkai, K. (2018). Diagnosis and treatment of rosacea fulminans: a comprehensive review. American journal of clinical dermatology, 19(1), 79-86.
Study Document
Dementia Inevitable Or Preventable
… study did indicate that for people with high tHcy vitamin B could improve episodic memory. McCleery et al. (2018) recommended that the study’s trial be duplicated and further evidence with a larger sample be provided to support that finding.
Recommendations for Future Research
The role that vitamins ……
References
References
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2015). Non-pharmacologic Interventions for Agitation and Aggression in Dementia. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from http://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/index.cfm/search-for-guides-reviews-and-reports/?productid=1999&pageaction=displayproduct
Livingston, G., Sommerlad, A., Orgeta, V., Costafreda, S. G., Huntley, J., Ames, D., ... & Cooper, C. (2017). Dementia prevention, intervention, and care. The Lancet, 390(10113), 2673-2734.
McCleery, J., Abraham, R. P., Denton, D. A., Rutjes, A. W., Chong, L. Y., Al?Assaf, A.S., ... & Di Nisio, M. (2018). Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (11).
Van Baal, P. H., Hoogendoorn, M., & Fischer, A. (2016). Preventing dementia by promoting physical activity and the long-term impact on health and social care expenditures. Preventive medicine, 85, 78-83.
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