American Culture Essays (Examples)
Study Document
How Media Perpetuate Racism
When Willie Lynch wrote his letter to white slave owners in America in the 17th century, laying out the blueprint for the american Establishment on how to create racial tensions in order to facilitate the white slave owners’ rule over their African slave, he unwittingly laid … create racial tensions in order to facilitate the white slave owners’ rule over their African slave, he unwittingly laid the foundation stone for american elitism and racism that has since come to characterize the ruling class’ use of mass media in controlling the population (Heaggans). As Horkheimer … class’ use of mass media in controlling the population (Heaggans). As Horkheimer and Adorno later showed in their analysis and dissection of the culture Industry, the controllers of mass media have essentially used the basic framework of Lynch to perpetuate the idea of racism and to use … Today, leaders are simply prevented from being……
References
Works Cited
Adorno, Theodor and M. Horkheimer. The culture industry: Enlightenment as mass deception. Stardom and celebrity: A reader, 34, 2007.
Aldrige, Derick. “From Civil Rights to Hip Hop: Toward a Nexus of Ideas.” http://www.thehiphopproject.org/site/pdfs/hhp_civilRights.pdf
Blair, Elizabeth. “The Strange Story of the Man behind Strange Fruit.” NPR. http://www.npr.org/2012/09/05/158933012/the-strange-story-of-the-man-behind-strange-fruit
Cashmore, Ellis. The Black culture industry. Routledge, 2006.
Collins, Patricia Hill. "New commodities, new consumers: Selling blackness in a global marketplace." Ethnicities 6.3 (2006): 297-317.
Davis, Angela. The Meaning of Freedom. San Francisco, CA: City Light Books, 2012.
Guy, Talmadge C. "Gangsta rap and adult education." New directions for adult and continuing education 2004.101 (2004): 43-57.
Heaggans, Raphael C. "When the oppressed becomes the oppressor: Willie Lynch and the politics of race and racism in hip-hop music." West Virginia University Philological Papers 50 (2003): 77-81.
Study Document
Race And Incarceration Rates
… in today’s criminal justice system. James (2018:30) has shown that current “research on police officers has found that they tend to associate African american with threat” (30). A significantly higher percentage of the African american population is incarcerated than any other population in the U.S. And, worse, as Lopez (2018) points out, “Black people accounted for 31 percent … of police killing victims in 2012, even though they made up just 13 percent of the US population.” The evidence indicates that African american receive a disproportionate amount of attention from police and are disproportionately punished and incarcerated because of institutionalized racism within the american ruling class. This racist worldview was evident from the early days of the nation, when the concept of Manifest Destiny was put forward … a right—i.e., it was their manifest destiny—to rule others, take their land, and lord it over them. This worldview became so……
References
References
Aguirre, A., & Baker, D. V. (Eds.). 2008. Structured inequality in the United States: Critical discussions on the continuing significance of race, ethnicity, and gender. New York: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Alexander, Michelle. 2012. The New Jim Crow. New York: New Press.
Davis, Angela. 2012. The Meaning of Freedom. San Francisco: City Light Books.
James, Lois. 2018. The stability of implicit racial bias in police officers. Police Quarterly 21(1):0-52.
Lopez, German. 2018. There are huge racial disparities in how US police use force. Retrieved July 30, 2019 ( https://www.vox.com/identities/2016/8/13/17938186/police-shootings-killings-racism-racial-disparities ).
O’Sullivan, John. 1845. Annexation. United States Magazine and Democratic Review 17(1):5-10.
Pettit, Becky, and Bruce Western. 2004. Mass imprisonment and the life course: Race and class inequality in US incarceration." American sociological review 69(2):151-169.
Plessy v. Ferguson. 1896. Retrieved July 30, 2019 ( https://www.oyez.org/cases/1850-1900/163us537 ).
Study Document
Racial Equality And Justice
Racial injustice is a part of american history. In spite of legislation like the Civil Rights Act of 1964, racial injustice remains rampant in the United States. Police brutality is … Floyd was only one of many similar instances, the majority of which go unreported due to the “blue wall of silence” in police culture. Even if poor leadership in policing is more to blame than racism itself, the fact that black males experience a disproportionate number of … number of such instances and are also stopped and arrested more often than their white counterparts, shows that racial bias is endemic in american society.
This sample essay provides an example of how to write about racial equality and justice in America. Several topics will be discussed … in America require a total overhaul of institutions like law enforcement.
Racism in the Age of Covid
2020 brought about massive changes in……
References
References
Black Lives Matter (2020). Retrieved from: https://blacklivesmatter.com/about/
Cole, B. (2020). Minnesota asks Trump to declare ‘major disaster’ over riots damage. Newsweek. 3 July, 2020. Retrieved from: https://www.newsweek.com/minnesota-riots-tim-walz-clean-george-floyd-1515335
Glover, S., Richards, C., Devine, C., et al. (2020). A key miscalculation by officers contributed to the tragic death of Breonna Taylor. CNN. 23 July, 2020. Retrieved from: https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/23/us/breonna-taylor-police-shooting-invs/index.html
“History of Juneteenth,” (2020). juneteenth.com. Retrieved from: https://www.juneteenth.com/history.htm
Ray, R. (2020). What does ‘defund the police’ mean and does it have merit? Brookings. Retrieved from: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/fixgov/2020/06/19/what-does-defund-the-police-mean-and-does-it-have-merit/
“Seven Things You Need to Know About Antifa,” (2020). BBC. Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/X56rQkDgd0qqB7R68t6t7C/seven-things-you-need-to-know-about-antifa
“Who Are Antifa?” (2020). ADL. Retrieved from : https://www.adl.org/resources/backgrounders/who-are-antifa
Study Document
Pro Death Penalty
… penalty stance. The arguments in favor of the death penalty include the following. First, the death penalty stems from ancient traditions that define american culture and society. Second, the death penalty encourages respect for the law and possibly prevents some crimes from being committed in the first place … is to retain the death penalty.
Introduction
The continuing use of the death penalty for specific crimes remains a distinguishing feature of the american penal system. Much criticism has been waged at the death penalty, and for good reason. After all, it is important to be fully … for a tooth,” was also echoed in the Bible, which is why the principle of retributive justice seems embedded into the fabric of american culture and consciousness.
Its ancient roots are not a sufficient reason to retain the death penalty. Many modern countries have in fact abolished the ……
References
References
ACLU (n.d.). The case against the death penalty. Retrieved from: https://www.aclu.org/other/case-against-death-penalty
The Code of Hammurabi. Trans. By L.W. King. Retrieved from: https://avalon.law.yale.edu/ancient/hamframe.asp
“Top 10 Pro & Con Arguments,” (2016). ProCon. Retrieved from: https://deathpenalty.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=002000
World Population Review (2019). Countries with death penalty 2019. Retrieved from: http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/countries-with-death-penalty/
Study Document
Baby Boom Soviet Launch Of Sputnik Into Space And Assassination Of
Baby Boom, Soviet launch of Sputnik into space and Assassination of JFK
The Baby Boom played into the Consumer culture of the 1950s because there was literally a population explosion in post-War America. People wanted to settle down, have families, and buy the … generations of the past. They had disposable income and keeping up with the Joneses became a reality for many, which fueled the Consumer culture even more.
Sputnik was the Soviets’ first satellite into space—launched into orbit in 1957. Sputnik II followed one month later, and the Space …
Sputnik was the Soviets’ first satellite into space—launched into orbit in 1957. Sputnik II followed one month later, and the Space Race began. american feared the Soviets would control space and be able to fire missiles at the U.S. from space. Thus, it became imperative that the ……
Study Document
McCarthyism Fear Of The Red Menace And The Cold War
Cold War’s Impact on american Life
As John David Skrentny points out, the Cold War helped to remove some of the obstacles that prevented African american from obtaining their civil rights in the 20th century. The Communists of the Soviet Union used american racism as a cudgel with which to browbeat America for its hypocritical values and so-called freedom. America was essentially forced to respond by … so-called freedom. America was essentially forced to respond by adopting a more liberal stance towards equal rights and to pursue a policy and culture of desegregation.
Middle class white american were shaped by the Cold War in other ways: rather than open up for them an avenue of social advancement as it did … by the Cold War in other ways: rather than open up for them an avenue of social advancement as it did for African american, many middle class white american……
References
References
Kennedy, John F. “Speech, 22 October 1962.” https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfkcubanmissilecrisis.html
Skrentny, John David. "The effect of the Cold War on African-American civil rights: America and the world audience, 1945-1968." Theory and Society 27.2 (1998): 237-285.
Study Document
Cultural Examination Of Portugal
Comparative culture: Portugal
Section I: Concrete Experience
I have been attracted to Portugal for most of my life, because I have some Portuguese ancestry. I … to Portugal for most of my life, because I have some Portuguese ancestry. I was curious, for example, about how much of the culture of family has been influenced by this background, and what elements. But as I got older I also started just to take an … growing up was Portuguese, or at least Portuguese adapted for the United States, so that was probably my first real exposure to the culture directly. But over time I started to research Portuguese music on the Internet and as I started to think about going there, I … my third week I think I started to have my sea legs and really became much more directly engaged with Portuguese people and culture, not in the idealized……
References
References
Hofstede Insights (2020) Country comparison: Portugal. Hofstede Insights. Retrieved May 24, 2020 from https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison/portugal/
Mudge, E. (2019) Portuguese culture: food, fado and festivals. Portugal.com. Retrieved May 24, 2020 from https://portugal.com/portugal-blogs/portuguese-culture
Study Document
Race And Ethnicity In The US Military
… issue of taking a knee, speaking out against oppression and standing up for the flag recalls to mind the tension that erupted among american citizens over how to protest the Vietnam War—with some veterans even feeling conflicted about where to stand on the issue. When it comes … Nadine Naber states that because of cultural racism in the wake of 9/11, othering has exploded and it has led to tensions throughout american communities. To address the issue of othering, Colin Kaepernick began taking a knee during NFL games when the National Anthem was sung. His … and the anthem played in certain associations made by the act of taking the knee during the anthem. Graber et al. analyzed ten american newspapers and “found that patriotic ideals—the american flag, military, and National Anthem, in particular—were used as a way to avoid completely discussions on racism” (1). In other words, by……
References
Works Cited
Carbado, Devon W. \\\\\\"Racial naturalization.\\\\\\" American Quarterly 57.3 (2005): 633-658.
Graber, Shane M., Ever J. Figueroa, and Krishnan Vasudevan. \\\\\\"Oh, Say, Can You Kneel: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Newspaper Coverage of Colin Kaepernick’s Racial Protest.\\\\\\" Howard Journal of Communications (2019): 1-17.
Morrison, Toni. “Recitatif.” Skin Deep. Doubleday, 1995.
Naber, Nadine. “Osama’s Daughters: Cultural Racism, Nation-Based Racism, and the Intersectionality of Oppressions after 9/11.” Review of Women’s Studies, 5 (2009), 50-63.
Sabo, Samantha, et al. \\\\\\"Everyday violence, structural racism and mistreatment at the US– Mexico border.\\\\\\" Social Science & Medicine 109 (2014): 66-74.
Study Document
Bell Hooks On Mass Media
Cultural Criticism
Bell hooks notes that “popular culture is where the pedagogy is, is where the learning is” (2006). This statement sums up her views rather well and gets right to … of what hooks is up to in her Cultural Criticism and Transformation talks. I agree a lot with what hooks says about popular culture and it lines up well with what cultural critics in the past have said. The Frankfurt School, for example, was very critical of … it lines up well with what cultural critics in the past have said. The Frankfurt School, for example, was very critical of popular culture and its effect on the mass of people. Horkheimer and Adorno (1944) were very critical about what popular culture was doing and how it was achieving a kind of hypnotic effect on people.
However, I tend to be a bit more traditional … about equality to……
References
References
Bell hooks. (2006). Cultural criticism and transformation. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQUuHFKP-9s
Bendix, R. (1974). Inequality and social structure: a comparison of Marx and Weber. American Sociological Review, 149-161.
Horkheimer, M. & T. Adorno, T. (1944). The Culture Industry. UK: Routledge
Study Document
Angleton S Counterintelligence Program And What Went Wrong
… enterprise collaborate more effectively with the private sector in the future.
Introduction
Intelligence and counterintelligence operations have always been a part of the american Republic (Federation of american Scientists 1996). General Washington was aware of the threat of foreign espionage and the need to counter it (Wettering 2000, 165). The need … will be to fill the wide gap that remains in counterintelligence research regarding an appropriate ethical standard that guides and fosters an effective culture, as called for by Bellaby (2012) and Valentine (2016). This aim will allow for important lessons to be learned, and may allow one … the way forward for today’s integration of the counterintelligence enterprise within the private sector. Thus, this theoretical approach will pay special focus to culture and the role that culture plays in influencing ethical decision-making. In qualitative studies, hypotheses are generally avoided or formed at the conclusion of the study……
References
Reference List
Bailey, Christopher and Susan M. Galich. “Codes of Ethics: The Intelligence Community.” International Journal of Intelligence Ethics 35.2 (2012), 77-99.
Bartos, C. and P. Wehr. 2002. Using conflict theory. UK: University of Cambridge.
Bellaby, Ross. "What's the Harm? The Ethics of Intelligence Collection." Intelligence and National Security 27, no. 1 (2012): 93-117.
Church Committee. “Final report of the Select committee to study governmental operations With respect to Intelligence activities United states senate Together with Additional, supplemental, and separate Views.” Intelligence.senate.gov, 1976. https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/94755_I.pdf
Coyne, John, Peter Bell, and Shannon Merrington. "Exploring ethics in intelligence and the role of leadership." Interntional Journal of Business and Commerce 2, no. 10 (2013): 27-37.
Erskine, Toni. "'As Rays of Light to the Human Soul'? Moral Agents and Intelligence Gathering." Intelligence & National Security 19, no. 2 (2004): 359-381.
Nakashima, Ellen. “Top counterintelligence official challenges the private sector to step up defenses against foreign spying.” Washington Post, 2020. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/top-counterintelligence-official-challenges-the-private-sector-to-step-up-defenses-against-foreign-spying/2020/02/10/d842d83c-4c15-11ea-9b5c-eac5b16dafaa_story.html Pfaff, T., & Tiel, J. R. (2004). The ethics of espionage. Journal of Military Ethics, 3(1), 1-15.
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